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... 1. Central (primary) organs: thymus and bone marrow 2. Peripheral (secondary) lymphoid organs are: ...
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM DEFENSES AGAINST INFECTION Pathogens
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM DEFENSES AGAINST INFECTION Pathogens

... For the immune system to work the body needs to the difference between itself (own cells and materials) and nonself (foreign cells and materials) This recognition is based on differences in certain large molecules (proteins) between one organism and another. When the body recognizes that a cell is a ...
Unit 8 Communicable Diseases
Unit 8 Communicable Diseases

... It’s a network of cells, tissues, organs, and chemicals that fight off pathogens. ...
Immune reaction often requires a prompt modification of gene
Immune reaction often requires a prompt modification of gene

Chapter 14: Resistance and the Immune System: Innate Immunity
Chapter 14: Resistance and the Immune System: Innate Immunity

... • The skin is a mechanical barrier • Breaches of the skin may allow microbes to enter the blood • If a pathogen is detected by Langerhans cells, they phagocytize it and induce an acquired immune resonse • Mucous membrane cells produce mucus to trap microbes • Lactobacillus in the human vagina decrea ...
Immunology Worksheet Allergy
Immunology Worksheet Allergy

... C Listen and fill the missing words. 1 An allergy is an overreaction to a normally harmless substance called an allergen 2 On first exposure, the inhaled allergen enters the mucous membrane lining the nasal passages, where it is taken up by the antigen-presenting cell which presents it to the T-cell ...
The Immune System
The Immune System

... T cell receptors bind to antigens on antigen presenting cells (AHCs) on their major histocompatibilty complex molecules (MHCs). MHCs: proteins that are the product of gene groups. Class I MHCs are on all body cells except for red blood cells. Class II MHCs are made by B cells, macrophages, and dendr ...
Lecture 22
Lecture 22

Communication in living systems is normally not covered in the 10th
Communication in living systems is normally not covered in the 10th

biology 37.2
biology 37.2

... One method of defense is phagocytosis. . . the process by which phagocytic cells surround and internalize the foreign microorganisms. (p. 1085) ...
BLOCK F – Krizia,Kevin,Synnove – Production of Antibodies
BLOCK F – Krizia,Kevin,Synnove – Production of Antibodies

... 5. Cytokines secreted by the Helper T cell help the B cell to multiply and mature into antibody producing plasma cells. 6. Antibodies then lock onto matching antigens. 7. Antibodies are made up of white blood cells, called B lymphocytes or B Cells. Each B Cell carries a different membrane-bound ant ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... ...
Immune System
Immune System

... Foreign antigens bind to antibodies on B-cells Antigen-antibody complex stimulation Stimulated B-cell will produce/release this specific antibody as free floating antibody 5. Free floating antibodies will bind to all other antigens of the same type 6. Macrophages recognize antibodies and phagocytosi ...
Unt 12 Immune System Disorders Powerpoint
Unt 12 Immune System Disorders Powerpoint

... ...
the-immune-system-part-4-teacher-notes
the-immune-system-part-4-teacher-notes

... o Adrenaline injection reduces symptoms (“Epipen”) ...
Study Guide For Immune System Test, Chapter 40
Study Guide For Immune System Test, Chapter 40

... 1. What are the functions of B-lymphocytes, T-lymphocytes, and macrophages? 2. What is the difference between an antigen and an antibody? 3. How does acquired immunity work in a natural way (chicken pox) and when a vaccine is used (polio)? 4. What is the difference between a virus cell and a bacteri ...
Lecture 7: The body`s defenses
Lecture 7: The body`s defenses

... Step 4: pore formation ...
How is a vaccine prepared?
How is a vaccine prepared?

... to deal with infections and cancer cells. • People with AIDS often die of infections that a healthy immune system would easily destroy. ...
Preventing Communicable Diseases
Preventing Communicable Diseases

... organs, and chemicals that fight pathogens. First line of Defense- Physical and Chemical: skin, mucous membranes, cilia ...
Immune
Immune

... Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is a transmembrane protein that has been speculated to play a major role in suppressing the immune system during particular events such as pregnancy, tissue allografts, autoimmune disease and other disease states such as hepatitis. ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... Immune System Response • Questions from last night’s reading? ...
Immunity - De Anza College
Immunity - De Anza College

... • Specific Defenses - 2 parts – Antibody immunity – Cell-mediated immunity ...
Document
Document

... lines of defense: anatomic barriers, the inflammatory response, and the immune response. The immune system has two anatomic components: the lymphoid tissues of the body and the cells that are responsible for the immune response. The primary cells of the immune system are the white blood cells, or le ...
Jeopardy Abbas 1-3 (double) - updated 5/21/2014
Jeopardy Abbas 1-3 (double) - updated 5/21/2014

... These small cationic peptides are produced by epithelial cells and are directly toxic to microbes. ...
Suppressing the immune system
Suppressing the immune system

... blood and helps remove old and dying blood cells. During this process immune cells learn to recognise the myelin antigen as harmless because in the spleen, the particles are engulfed by macrophages (white blood cells that engulf pathogens and unwanted materials , then send signals to other immune ce ...
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Immune system



The immune system is a system of many biological structures and processes within an organism that protects against disease. To function properly, an immune system must detect a wide variety of agents, known as pathogens, from viruses to parasitic worms, and distinguish them from the organism's own healthy tissue. In many species, the immune system can be classified into subsystems, such as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system, or humoral immunity versus cell-mediated immunity.Pathogens can rapidly evolve and adapt, and thereby avoid detection and neutralization by the immune system; however, multiple defense mechanisms have also evolved to recognize and neutralize pathogens. Even simple unicellular organisms such as bacteria possess a rudimentary immune system, in the form of enzymes that protect against bacteriophage infections. Other basic immune mechanisms evolved in ancient eukaryotes and remain in their modern descendants, such as plants and insects. These mechanisms include phagocytosis, antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and the complement system. Jawed vertebrates, including humans, have even more sophisticated defense mechanisms, including the ability to adapt over time to recognize specific pathogens more efficiently. Adaptive (or acquired) immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leading to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that same pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination.Disorders of the immune system can result in autoimmune diseases, inflammatory diseases and cancer.Immunodeficiency occurs when the immune system is less active than normal, resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In humans, immunodeficiency can either be the result of a genetic disease such as severe combined immunodeficiency, acquired conditions such as HIV/AIDS, or the use of immunosuppressive medication. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms. Common autoimmune diseases include Hashimoto's thyroiditis, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus type 1, and systemic lupus erythematosus. Immunology covers the study of all aspects of the immune system.
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