The vitamin D receptor and T cell function
... cell study performed by Cantorna and coworkers, a reduction of at least fifty percent in iNKT cells that produced the effector cytokine IL-4 and IFN-γ was observed in multiple organs (Yu and Cantorna, 2008). However, as iNKT cells most likely acquire the ability to transcribe IL-4 and IFN-γ during t ...
... cell study performed by Cantorna and coworkers, a reduction of at least fifty percent in iNKT cells that produced the effector cytokine IL-4 and IFN-γ was observed in multiple organs (Yu and Cantorna, 2008). However, as iNKT cells most likely acquire the ability to transcribe IL-4 and IFN-γ during t ...
Modulation of interferon gamma response
... tive components postulated to boost the immune system [2]. The immunomodulatory components of BC includes cytokines that promote both cell-mediated (Th1) and humoral (Th2) immunity such as interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IFN-γ, and tumour necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α) [3]. Interfero ...
... tive components postulated to boost the immune system [2]. The immunomodulatory components of BC includes cytokines that promote both cell-mediated (Th1) and humoral (Th2) immunity such as interleukin 1-beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IFN-γ, and tumour necrosis factoralpha (TNF-α) [3]. Interfero ...
Vitiligo-Like Hypopigmentation Induced by Imiquimod Case Report Zekayi Kutlubay,
... Pigmentary changes associated with imiquimod treatment are listed as possible side effects on the package insert but have not been well described [3]. The US Food and Drug Administration records about adverse events of imiquimod in 1997 to November 2003 included 1257 reports of which 68 (5.4%) were ...
... Pigmentary changes associated with imiquimod treatment are listed as possible side effects on the package insert but have not been well described [3]. The US Food and Drug Administration records about adverse events of imiquimod in 1997 to November 2003 included 1257 reports of which 68 (5.4%) were ...
(SLE).
... 2. Discoid rash: Erythematous raised patches with keratotic scaling and follicular plugging 3. Photosensitivity: Skin rash after exposure to sunlight, history or physical exam 4. Oral ulcers: Oral or nasopharyngeal, painless, by physical exam 5. Arthritis:Tenderness, swelling, effusion in 2 or more ...
... 2. Discoid rash: Erythematous raised patches with keratotic scaling and follicular plugging 3. Photosensitivity: Skin rash after exposure to sunlight, history or physical exam 4. Oral ulcers: Oral or nasopharyngeal, painless, by physical exam 5. Arthritis:Tenderness, swelling, effusion in 2 or more ...
High salivary secretory IgA antibody levels are sensitized infants
... Immune defenses against pathogens, but also unresponsiveness (tolerance) are key features of the mucosa, as a vast number of ingested and inhaled food and commensal bacterial antigens must be tolerated (1). While the neonatal mucosa is endowed with all major elements of innate and adaptive immune sy ...
... Immune defenses against pathogens, but also unresponsiveness (tolerance) are key features of the mucosa, as a vast number of ingested and inhaled food and commensal bacterial antigens must be tolerated (1). While the neonatal mucosa is endowed with all major elements of innate and adaptive immune sy ...
HEVs, lymphatics and homeostatic immune cell trafficking in lymph
... interstitial fluids (lymph). The recirculation of lymphocytes through lymph nodes thus allows the extremely rare populations of naive lymphocytes specific for a given antigen to survey the lymph for the presence of their target antigen in any part of the body. This provides an effective immune surve ...
... interstitial fluids (lymph). The recirculation of lymphocytes through lymph nodes thus allows the extremely rare populations of naive lymphocytes specific for a given antigen to survey the lymph for the presence of their target antigen in any part of the body. This provides an effective immune surve ...
SERIES ‘‘MATRIX METALLOPROTEINASES IN LUNG HEALTH AND DISEASE’’ Edited by J. Mu
... The immunoprivileged nature of the TB cavity is revealed by clinical observations. For example, cavities can become colonised by Aspergillus to create a fungus ball after successful treatment for TB (fig. 2). Aspergillus species are environmental fungi which only cause invasive human disease when an ...
... The immunoprivileged nature of the TB cavity is revealed by clinical observations. For example, cavities can become colonised by Aspergillus to create a fungus ball after successful treatment for TB (fig. 2). Aspergillus species are environmental fungi which only cause invasive human disease when an ...
Induction of protective immunity to Cryptococcal infection in mice by
... CCL5) showed significantly different levels in lung lysates of mice infected with KN99␣ and cda1⌬2⌬3⌬ mutant cells on day 3 p.i. (see Table S1 in the supplemental material). When an inoculum of 107 CFU was used, the levels of 11 of the 23 cytokines tested were significantly different in the lungs of ...
... CCL5) showed significantly different levels in lung lysates of mice infected with KN99␣ and cda1⌬2⌬3⌬ mutant cells on day 3 p.i. (see Table S1 in the supplemental material). When an inoculum of 107 CFU was used, the levels of 11 of the 23 cytokines tested were significantly different in the lungs of ...
Characterization of CD56 CD16 natural killer (NK) cells: A highly
... atural killer (NK) cells, which account for up to 15% of peripheral blood lymphocytes, are well known as important effectors of the innate immune system (1, 2). In addition, NK cells are an important source of cytokines that regulate hematopoiesis and link the innate to the adaptive immune response ...
... atural killer (NK) cells, which account for up to 15% of peripheral blood lymphocytes, are well known as important effectors of the innate immune system (1, 2). In addition, NK cells are an important source of cytokines that regulate hematopoiesis and link the innate to the adaptive immune response ...
b - Repositório da Universidade de Lisboa
... away, by skype, whatsapp or facebook you all have been there for me. A special thanks: to my Grandma that always makes me miss home and her food; to my worried Grandpa that sends me emails with passages from his diary making me go back to my childhood; to my mother for all the weekend chats; to my a ...
... away, by skype, whatsapp or facebook you all have been there for me. A special thanks: to my Grandma that always makes me miss home and her food; to my worried Grandpa that sends me emails with passages from his diary making me go back to my childhood; to my mother for all the weekend chats; to my a ...
and anti-inflammatory phenomena in the physiopathology of type 2
... a ratio of M2:M1 reported to be approximately 4:1[12,13]. M2 macrophages are immunosuppressive cells with a high phagocytic capacity, capable to perform antigen presentation and having the ability to secrete extracellular matrix compounds, angiogenic and chemotactic factors, and anti-inflammatory c ...
... a ratio of M2:M1 reported to be approximately 4:1[12,13]. M2 macrophages are immunosuppressive cells with a high phagocytic capacity, capable to perform antigen presentation and having the ability to secrete extracellular matrix compounds, angiogenic and chemotactic factors, and anti-inflammatory c ...
Genetic background affects susceptibility in nonfatal pneumococcal bronchopneumonia J.A. Preston , K.W. Beagley
... that links the outcome of infectious disease to variations in the intensity of inflammatory responses that are determined by host characteristics such as gene polymorphisms [19– 21]. Thus susceptibility to pneumococcal diseases such as bronchopneumonia may result from host genetic factors, and the g ...
... that links the outcome of infectious disease to variations in the intensity of inflammatory responses that are determined by host characteristics such as gene polymorphisms [19– 21]. Thus susceptibility to pneumococcal diseases such as bronchopneumonia may result from host genetic factors, and the g ...
... HC11 cells (mouse mammary epithelial cells) and Mac-T cells (bovine mammary epithelial cells) were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (Manassa, VA). Approximately 1×106 viable cells (HC11 cells or Mac-T cells) were incubated in 1 mL of Krebs buffer containing 20 mmol/L HEPES, 5 mmol/L D- ...
ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................... 3 INTRODUCTION............................................................................. 5
... recognition by the maternal immune cells. The adaptive immune branch includes B and T cells, which have highly specific antigen receptors on their surface and recognize specific epitopes on pathogens or on soluble molecules. B cells are particularly important in the response against extracellular pa ...
... recognition by the maternal immune cells. The adaptive immune branch includes B and T cells, which have highly specific antigen receptors on their surface and recognize specific epitopes on pathogens or on soluble molecules. B cells are particularly important in the response against extracellular pa ...
VEGF and endochondral bone formation
... transferrin, which was identified as one of the major angiogenic factors in this tissue (Carlevaro et al., 1997). Recently other proteins produced by chondrocytes were recognized to have an angiogenic role. In particular, a molecule of approximately 120 kDa, isolated from bovine chondrocytes, was sh ...
... transferrin, which was identified as one of the major angiogenic factors in this tissue (Carlevaro et al., 1997). Recently other proteins produced by chondrocytes were recognized to have an angiogenic role. In particular, a molecule of approximately 120 kDa, isolated from bovine chondrocytes, was sh ...
A Rough look at the tonsils and adenoids, for Bonny Peppa!
... • Exposure to antigens relies on the contact of antigens with cells of the immune system across the epithelium which covers the tonsils. • The epithelium of the palatine and lingual tonsils forms deep crypts into the lymphoid tissue, and the resulting increase of the surface area is one way to facil ...
... • Exposure to antigens relies on the contact of antigens with cells of the immune system across the epithelium which covers the tonsils. • The epithelium of the palatine and lingual tonsils forms deep crypts into the lymphoid tissue, and the resulting increase of the surface area is one way to facil ...
Polyclonal B cell response
Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.