KUOPION YLIOPISTON JULKAISUJA C. LUONNONTIETEET JA YMPÄRISTÖTIETEET 264
... The bioactive form of vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3), is a secosteroid hormone that binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily expressed in many cell types, and modulates a variety of biological functions. 1α,25(OH)2D3 is essential for bo ...
... The bioactive form of vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3), is a secosteroid hormone that binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily expressed in many cell types, and modulates a variety of biological functions. 1α,25(OH)2D3 is essential for bo ...
Respiratory and systemic humoral and cellular immune responses
... challenge with H3N2, pigs infected earlier with H1N1 did not develop fever and showed reduced virus excretion compared with non-immune control pigs. In addition, virus transmission to unchallenged group-mates could be shown by virus isolation in the non-immune control group but not in the group infe ...
... challenge with H3N2, pigs infected earlier with H1N1 did not develop fever and showed reduced virus excretion compared with non-immune control pigs. In addition, virus transmission to unchallenged group-mates could be shown by virus isolation in the non-immune control group but not in the group infe ...
thesis - KI Open Archive
... There is a constant communication between cells and tissues in terms of cytokines, chemokines and cell-to cell contact. One important task of the innate immune system is to differ self from non-self. One instrument to do so is through pattern recognition molecules, which includes Toll-like receptors ...
... There is a constant communication between cells and tissues in terms of cytokines, chemokines and cell-to cell contact. One important task of the innate immune system is to differ self from non-self. One instrument to do so is through pattern recognition molecules, which includes Toll-like receptors ...
Hypersensitivity
... Animation: Antibodies react with epitopes on the host cell membrane and NK cells bind to the Fc of the antibodies. The NK cells then lyse the cell with pore-forming perforins and cytotoxic granzymes Immunreaktionen der Haut ...
... Animation: Antibodies react with epitopes on the host cell membrane and NK cells bind to the Fc of the antibodies. The NK cells then lyse the cell with pore-forming perforins and cytotoxic granzymes Immunreaktionen der Haut ...
Autoimmune Responses to the Brain After Stroke Are Associated
... human glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP 5 g/mL; CalbiochemEMD BioSci) and incubated for 24 hours. The response to tetanus toxin (TT 5 g/mL; Sigma-Aldrich) was also assessed as a control. Experiments were performed in triplicate; spots were counted using a semiautomated system (MetaMorph). The ...
... human glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP 5 g/mL; CalbiochemEMD BioSci) and incubated for 24 hours. The response to tetanus toxin (TT 5 g/mL; Sigma-Aldrich) was also assessed as a control. Experiments were performed in triplicate; spots were counted using a semiautomated system (MetaMorph). The ...
Vahisalu et al., 2008
... transmembrane domains of Arabidopsis and rice SLAC1 homologues and orthologues have several highly conserved amino acids. However, SLAC1 and Os04g48530 also differ from the rest of the proteins in several amino-acid residues (Supplementary Fig. 4a). For example, the amino acid that is mutated in sla ...
... transmembrane domains of Arabidopsis and rice SLAC1 homologues and orthologues have several highly conserved amino acids. However, SLAC1 and Os04g48530 also differ from the rest of the proteins in several amino-acid residues (Supplementary Fig. 4a). For example, the amino acid that is mutated in sla ...
Immunity to Intracellular Salmonella Depends on Surface
... proteomics [22], serum antibody response [23–26], as well as mutant virulence phenotypes. In addition to antigen expression, antigen immunogenicity could play a major role. Antigen detection by cognate CD4 T cells requires antigen processing and presentation of the resulting small peptides by major ...
... proteomics [22], serum antibody response [23–26], as well as mutant virulence phenotypes. In addition to antigen expression, antigen immunogenicity could play a major role. Antigen detection by cognate CD4 T cells requires antigen processing and presentation of the resulting small peptides by major ...
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Protein
... protein. Each cell lysate from 183A and 1483 cells was normalized for equivalent protein (2-3 mg/ml). Immune complexes were harvested from cell lysates as described for the immune complex kinase assay, and each precipitate was suspended in 0.1% Triton X-100 and 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.0. The suspension wa ...
... protein. Each cell lysate from 183A and 1483 cells was normalized for equivalent protein (2-3 mg/ml). Immune complexes were harvested from cell lysates as described for the immune complex kinase assay, and each precipitate was suspended in 0.1% Triton X-100 and 20 mM HEPES, pH 7.0. The suspension wa ...
Biochemistry Lecture 15
... – AMP stim’s PFK-1 (when more ATP needed by cell, much glu avail), BUT inhib’s FBPase-1 (when cell needs more glu, not enough avail to make more ATP) ...
... – AMP stim’s PFK-1 (when more ATP needed by cell, much glu avail), BUT inhib’s FBPase-1 (when cell needs more glu, not enough avail to make more ATP) ...
CHAPTER I
... low diagnostic yield in children, with the majority of children also being unable to expectorate sputum [18,19,92]. Unlike, HIV un-infected children, the presentation of TB can mimic acute pneumonia in HIV-infected children, complicating the ability to distinguish it from other causes of CAP [93]. W ...
... low diagnostic yield in children, with the majority of children also being unable to expectorate sputum [18,19,92]. Unlike, HIV un-infected children, the presentation of TB can mimic acute pneumonia in HIV-infected children, complicating the ability to distinguish it from other causes of CAP [93]. W ...
Paracrine-Induced Response State Antiviral
... (8) and/or MDA5 (9, 10). Virus recognition activates a signaling cascade involving different cellular factors (IFN regulatory factor 3, NFB, c-jun), causing the expression of type I IFNs and other inflammatory response genes including TNF-␣ and IL-6. The first type I IFN to be produced and secreted ...
... (8) and/or MDA5 (9, 10). Virus recognition activates a signaling cascade involving different cellular factors (IFN regulatory factor 3, NFB, c-jun), causing the expression of type I IFNs and other inflammatory response genes including TNF-␣ and IL-6. The first type I IFN to be produced and secreted ...
Mast cells promote lung vascular remodelling in pulmonary hypertension
... left-sided heart disease develop a pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) of o25 mmHg at rest [1]. According to the 2009 World Health Organization clinical classification, these patients fall into the second and presumably largest category of pulmonary hypertension (PH), i.e. PH owing to left heart disea ...
... left-sided heart disease develop a pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa) of o25 mmHg at rest [1]. According to the 2009 World Health Organization clinical classification, these patients fall into the second and presumably largest category of pulmonary hypertension (PH), i.e. PH owing to left heart disea ...
to View the Official Conference Program Book
... of innate immunity and how various cardiovascular diseases affect these functions. Particular areas of interest include monocyte/macrophages, complement and reactive oxygen species. As well as review fundamentals of adaptive immunity, and in particular discuss T cell function and why many facets of ...
... of innate immunity and how various cardiovascular diseases affect these functions. Particular areas of interest include monocyte/macrophages, complement and reactive oxygen species. As well as review fundamentals of adaptive immunity, and in particular discuss T cell function and why many facets of ...
Chapter 8 - HCC Learning Web
... Activation energy may be supplied in the form of heat that the reactant molecules absorb from the surroundings. The bonds of the reactants break only when the molecules have absorbed enough energy to become unstable and, therefore, more reactive. The absorption of thermal energy increases the speed ...
... Activation energy may be supplied in the form of heat that the reactant molecules absorb from the surroundings. The bonds of the reactants break only when the molecules have absorbed enough energy to become unstable and, therefore, more reactive. The absorption of thermal energy increases the speed ...
Epicor - Doctor`s Best Vitamins
... EpiCor® is produced entirely from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, following the patented MetaGen4™ process.1 The culture is provided with ample oxygen for optimal growth, then at the point where it is most healthy the oxygen level is reduced. This stresses the culture and it responds adaptively, producing ...
... EpiCor® is produced entirely from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, following the patented MetaGen4™ process.1 The culture is provided with ample oxygen for optimal growth, then at the point where it is most healthy the oxygen level is reduced. This stresses the culture and it responds adaptively, producing ...
this PDF file - Smart Science Technology
... myeloid precursor, give rise to macrophages [2-3]. When circulating monocytes infiltrate tissues they get transformed into macrophages. The tissue macrophages not only eliminate encountered pathogens through phagocytosis but also process and present the foreign antigens via MHC molecules to lymphocy ...
... myeloid precursor, give rise to macrophages [2-3]. When circulating monocytes infiltrate tissues they get transformed into macrophages. The tissue macrophages not only eliminate encountered pathogens through phagocytosis but also process and present the foreign antigens via MHC molecules to lymphocy ...
medullary breast carcinoma
... the identification of a number of antigens expressed in breast cancer [30]. At first, target antigens must be presented as processed peptides, bound to MHC class I and class II molecules. Recognition of these MHC-peptide complexes on the surface of antigen presenting cells by antigen-specific T lymp ...
... the identification of a number of antigens expressed in breast cancer [30]. At first, target antigens must be presented as processed peptides, bound to MHC class I and class II molecules. Recognition of these MHC-peptide complexes on the surface of antigen presenting cells by antigen-specific T lymp ...
Wetting: Unobtrusive graphene coatings
... the intermolecular interactions between the wetting liquid and the substrate it rests on. When the attractive interactions among the molecules in the liquid outweigh those between the liquid and the solid, a macroscopic drop at equilibrium displays an almost spherical shape with a large contact angl ...
... the intermolecular interactions between the wetting liquid and the substrate it rests on. When the attractive interactions among the molecules in the liquid outweigh those between the liquid and the solid, a macroscopic drop at equilibrium displays an almost spherical shape with a large contact angl ...
Polyclonal B cell response
Polyclonal B cell response is a natural mode of immune response exhibited by the adaptive immune system of mammals. It ensures that a single antigen is recognized and attacked through its overlapping parts, called epitopes, by multiple clones of B cell.In the course of normal immune response, parts of pathogens (e.g. bacteria) are recognized by the immune system as foreign (non-self), and eliminated or effectively neutralized to reduce their potential damage. Such a recognizable substance is called an antigen. The immune system may respond in multiple ways to an antigen; a key feature of this response is the production of antibodies by B cells (or B lymphocytes) involving an arm of the immune system known as humoral immunity. The antibodies are soluble and do not require direct cell-to-cell contact between the pathogen and the B-cell to function.Antigens can be large and complex substances, and any single antibody can only bind to a small, specific area on the antigen. Consequently, an effective immune response often involves the production of many different antibodies by many different B cells against the same antigen. Hence the term ""polyclonal"", which derives from the words poly, meaning many, and clones (""Klon""=Greek for sprout or twig); a clone is a group of cells arising from a common ""mother"" cell. The antibodies thus produced in a polyclonal response are known as polyclonal antibodies. The heterogeneous polyclonal antibodies are distinct from monoclonal antibody molecules, which are identical and react against a single epitope only, i.e., are more specific.Although the polyclonal response confers advantages on the immune system, in particular, greater probability of reacting against pathogens, it also increases chances of developing certain autoimmune diseases resulting from the reaction of the immune system against native molecules produced within the host.