non-specific stressors in innate immunity
... stable initial or final stages. A vivid example is that a house may well withstand a hurricane, but actually building a house during a hurricane would be folly. Resources (energy and/or materials) that are devoted to growth and replication are not available for withstanding stress. In other words, t ...
... stable initial or final stages. A vivid example is that a house may well withstand a hurricane, but actually building a house during a hurricane would be folly. Resources (energy and/or materials) that are devoted to growth and replication are not available for withstanding stress. In other words, t ...
CNS–Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in the Setting
... evident, then, that strategies for promptly recognizing and treating patients with IRIS are critical to the ongoing fight against HIV infection in the post-HAART era so that further strides in improving quality of life can be ensured. Also critical is the realization that IRIS might be averted if st ...
... evident, then, that strategies for promptly recognizing and treating patients with IRIS are critical to the ongoing fight against HIV infection in the post-HAART era so that further strides in improving quality of life can be ensured. Also critical is the realization that IRIS might be averted if st ...
Isolation of infectious HIV-1
... magnetic isolation of infectious HIV-1 virions from culturederived HIV-1, human plasma or serum, and other bodily fluids, e.g. cerebral spinal fluid or cervical lavage. It has been determined that CD44, expressed on all leukocytes, is the most effective host cell marker for the general labeling and cap ...
... magnetic isolation of infectious HIV-1 virions from culturederived HIV-1, human plasma or serum, and other bodily fluids, e.g. cerebral spinal fluid or cervical lavage. It has been determined that CD44, expressed on all leukocytes, is the most effective host cell marker for the general labeling and cap ...
as PDF
... 2.3 Stressful brain and cancer Brain – the key body providing adaptive/disadaptive reactions of an organism on stress through involving vegetative, endocrine, immune mechanisms (McEwen, 2007). On the background of CPS, infringements HPA axis activity and glucocorticoids influences structural remodel ...
... 2.3 Stressful brain and cancer Brain – the key body providing adaptive/disadaptive reactions of an organism on stress through involving vegetative, endocrine, immune mechanisms (McEwen, 2007). On the background of CPS, infringements HPA axis activity and glucocorticoids influences structural remodel ...
Persistent accumulation of interferon-gamma- producing CD8(+)CD56(+) T cells in blood from
... cells are described in chronic autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis and Behcet´s uveitis11, 13-15. The expression of CD56 on CD8+ T cells has also been associated with disease activity11, 16. Still, the clinical relevance of accumulated CD8+CD56+ T cells during aging and diseas ...
... cells are described in chronic autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis and Behcet´s uveitis11, 13-15. The expression of CD56 on CD8+ T cells has also been associated with disease activity11, 16. Still, the clinical relevance of accumulated CD8+CD56+ T cells during aging and diseas ...
Initiation of HAART during acute simian immunodeficiency virus
... are considered to be conservative; therefore, statistically significant results found when using non-parametric methods are assumed to imply a lower bound for the p value. All statistical tests were performed as two-sided tests. No statistical differences were obtained between the HAART treated grou ...
... are considered to be conservative; therefore, statistically significant results found when using non-parametric methods are assumed to imply a lower bound for the p value. All statistical tests were performed as two-sided tests. No statistical differences were obtained between the HAART treated grou ...
Natural Antimicrobial Peptides: Pleiotropic Molecules in Host Defense
... phagocytic receptor expression and function, up-regulated co stimulatory molecule expression, enhanced secretion of Th-1 inducing cytokines, and promoted Th1 responses in vitro [50]. However, Kandler et al. showed that LL-37 suppressed the maturation and activation of human dendritic cells in respon ...
... phagocytic receptor expression and function, up-regulated co stimulatory molecule expression, enhanced secretion of Th-1 inducing cytokines, and promoted Th1 responses in vitro [50]. However, Kandler et al. showed that LL-37 suppressed the maturation and activation of human dendritic cells in respon ...
Scientific Category: VASCULAR BIOLOGY CEACAM1 myeloid cells
... angiogenesis in leishmaniasis has not been described so far. Here, we show that CD11b+ cells express high levels of the myeloid differentiation antigen carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1). In experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis in C57BL/6 wild type (B6.WT) and B6.Cea ...
... angiogenesis in leishmaniasis has not been described so far. Here, we show that CD11b+ cells express high levels of the myeloid differentiation antigen carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1). In experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis in C57BL/6 wild type (B6.WT) and B6.Cea ...
Autoimmune disorders
... The term “autoimmune disorder” may describe any one of over 80 disorders that occur when the body produces an abnormal immune response in which the immune system attacks its own cells, tissues, and/or organs, leading to the development of disorders within the body. Autoimmune disorders vary great ...
... The term “autoimmune disorder” may describe any one of over 80 disorders that occur when the body produces an abnormal immune response in which the immune system attacks its own cells, tissues, and/or organs, leading to the development of disorders within the body. Autoimmune disorders vary great ...
Cells Injury of Transplanted Liver Parenchymal Mediating CD4
... efficiently. A possible mechanism for this selective targeting and destruction of donor parenchymal cells include complement activation and resultant membrane attack complex-mediated lysis of the donor cells. Another mechanism, ADCC, involves other immune cell mediators, such as NK cells, macrophage ...
... efficiently. A possible mechanism for this selective targeting and destruction of donor parenchymal cells include complement activation and resultant membrane attack complex-mediated lysis of the donor cells. Another mechanism, ADCC, involves other immune cell mediators, such as NK cells, macrophage ...
Reactivity-Based One-Pot Synthesis of Oligosaccharides for the
... A major challenge in proteomics is to understand the functional impact of posttranslational modification, and protein glycosylation represents the most complex post-translational event. More than 50% of human proteins are glycosylated; however, the role of carbohydrates in glycoproteins is relativel ...
... A major challenge in proteomics is to understand the functional impact of posttranslational modification, and protein glycosylation represents the most complex post-translational event. More than 50% of human proteins are glycosylated; however, the role of carbohydrates in glycoproteins is relativel ...
Chapter 9 Lymphatic System The lymphatic system is examined
... Discrete structures surrounded by a capsule composed of connective tissue and a few elastic fibrils Usually occur in groups Receive lymph from the collecting ducts Located superficially and deep in body Superficial nodes accessible to inspection and palpation Lymphocytes Central to body response to ...
... Discrete structures surrounded by a capsule composed of connective tissue and a few elastic fibrils Usually occur in groups Receive lymph from the collecting ducts Located superficially and deep in body Superficial nodes accessible to inspection and palpation Lymphocytes Central to body response to ...
immunoregulation (ir)
... disease. Therefore, we can assume that inflammatory diseases associated with Th2 immune responses expression can be a major factor for the development of FSGS. These diseases may be an important factor but not the only one. Immune system molecules are widely associated with Th1/Th2 balance. In light ...
... disease. Therefore, we can assume that inflammatory diseases associated with Th2 immune responses expression can be a major factor for the development of FSGS. These diseases may be an important factor but not the only one. Immune system molecules are widely associated with Th1/Th2 balance. In light ...
Hematology review Mihaela Mates PGY3 – Internal Medicine
... CML mimicked by acute bacterial infection inflammatory reactions, severe marrow stress such as bleeding, underlying tumors and treatment with G-CSF and GM-CSF CLL mimicked by pertussis, TB and mono CMML and acute monoblastic leukemia mimicked by TB ...
... CML mimicked by acute bacterial infection inflammatory reactions, severe marrow stress such as bleeding, underlying tumors and treatment with G-CSF and GM-CSF CLL mimicked by pertussis, TB and mono CMML and acute monoblastic leukemia mimicked by TB ...
NIH Public Access
... B. fragilis, Clostridium, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium ameliorates various immune deficiencies seen in germ-free mice and augments the expression of genes involved in intestinal development, transport and immune protective functions.22–24 Mazmanian et al.25 observed that polysaccharide A (PSA), ...
... B. fragilis, Clostridium, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium ameliorates various immune deficiencies seen in germ-free mice and augments the expression of genes involved in intestinal development, transport and immune protective functions.22–24 Mazmanian et al.25 observed that polysaccharide A (PSA), ...
Molecular mechanism of the migration of neutrophils in liver
... molecule-1 (ICAM-1) can adhere to the hepatic sinusoids and craw slowly along the vascular wall. Interestingly the PMNs do not migrate to the insult in a shortest way extravascular but creep intravascula. When they get to the position, through the intravascular gradient of the chemokines and proinfl ...
... molecule-1 (ICAM-1) can adhere to the hepatic sinusoids and craw slowly along the vascular wall. Interestingly the PMNs do not migrate to the insult in a shortest way extravascular but creep intravascula. When they get to the position, through the intravascular gradient of the chemokines and proinfl ...
Malaria Pathogenesis
... with P. falciparum demonstrates that they have developed a degree of protection that is effective against heterologous parasites, although more effective against homologous parasites (26). The mechanism of protection against the homologous parasite is not known, nor is the reason for less efficient ...
... with P. falciparum demonstrates that they have developed a degree of protection that is effective against heterologous parasites, although more effective against homologous parasites (26). The mechanism of protection against the homologous parasite is not known, nor is the reason for less efficient ...
the cd40 receptor - Immunotechnology
... and Libby, 2001; van Kooten and Banchereau, 1997; van Kooten and Banchereau, 2000). Although the CD40 ligand (CD40L), which also is known as CD154, is mainly expressed on activated T-cells it can also be found on basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells, B lymphocyte ...
... and Libby, 2001; van Kooten and Banchereau, 1997; van Kooten and Banchereau, 2000). Although the CD40 ligand (CD40L), which also is known as CD154, is mainly expressed on activated T-cells it can also be found on basophils, eosinophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells, B lymphocyte ...
Optimal Conditions of 1 M NaCl Splitting Technique to
... (induction of suction blisters, incubation in proteo-lytic enzymes and incubation in 1 M NaCl solution) are often conflicting. This may be due to partial degradation of basement membrane zone proteins during these procedures [1]. It has been demonstrated that incubation in 1 M NaCl is a simple cost- ...
... (induction of suction blisters, incubation in proteo-lytic enzymes and incubation in 1 M NaCl solution) are often conflicting. This may be due to partial degradation of basement membrane zone proteins during these procedures [1]. It has been demonstrated that incubation in 1 M NaCl is a simple cost- ...
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... additionally express the chemokine receptor CCR2 [14]. Other subsets include CD16-expressing monocytes, which can be further divided in two subpopulations: CD14+CD16+ (intermediate) and CD14dimCD16++ (non-classical), which both express high levels of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 [15]. Of these CD16 ...
... additionally express the chemokine receptor CCR2 [14]. Other subsets include CD16-expressing monocytes, which can be further divided in two subpopulations: CD14+CD16+ (intermediate) and CD14dimCD16++ (non-classical), which both express high levels of the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 [15]. Of these CD16 ...
Critical review Free radical biology in cellular inflammation related to
... cytokines, like TNF-α activate a transcription factor called nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) by phosphorylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation. After that, NFκB migrates to the nucleus and activate specific gene transcription33. NFκB induces the expression of genes involved in cell proliferati ...
... cytokines, like TNF-α activate a transcription factor called nuclear factor kappa-B (NFκB) by phosphorylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation. After that, NFκB migrates to the nucleus and activate specific gene transcription33. NFκB induces the expression of genes involved in cell proliferati ...
Analysis of Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes response to human glioma cell
... cytotoxic activity (NK cells), and with antigen presentation functions (monocytes and dendritic cells). Effectors cells of innate immunity are neutrophils and natural killer cells (fig. 2). Phagocytosis is displayed by neutrophils (fig. 2, A) and macrophages (fig. 2, B) able to eliminate pathogens. ...
... cytotoxic activity (NK cells), and with antigen presentation functions (monocytes and dendritic cells). Effectors cells of innate immunity are neutrophils and natural killer cells (fig. 2). Phagocytosis is displayed by neutrophils (fig. 2, A) and macrophages (fig. 2, B) able to eliminate pathogens. ...
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.