Immunology Letters Complement and immune defense: From
... (iii) opsonization of (foreign) surfaces with the activation product C3b. C3b opsonized particles are directly recognized and removed by phagocytosis, (iv) generation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) also referred to as terminal complement complex, which forms pores in the membrane of the target ...
... (iii) opsonization of (foreign) surfaces with the activation product C3b. C3b opsonized particles are directly recognized and removed by phagocytosis, (iv) generation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) also referred to as terminal complement complex, which forms pores in the membrane of the target ...
Flagellin from Marinobacter algicola and Vibrio vulnificus activates
... flagellin from MA consistently induced the expression of the gene encoding pro- ...
... flagellin from MA consistently induced the expression of the gene encoding pro- ...
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences (IOSR-JPBS)
... have been used in the treatment against RA [47]. But, we observed that, their high cost, secondary effects major are unbearable for rheumatoid arthritis patients. These necessities for researchers to find a new immunotherapy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment of IL-10 in rheumatoid ...
... have been used in the treatment against RA [47]. But, we observed that, their high cost, secondary effects major are unbearable for rheumatoid arthritis patients. These necessities for researchers to find a new immunotherapy for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Treatment of IL-10 in rheumatoid ...
Acute effects of tobacco smoke on human
... following chronic tobacco smoke exposure. Human studies with chronic cigarette smokers have confirmed these findings [13–15]. The highest numbers of mDCs with a Langerhans’ cell phenotype are found in the airways of smokers with COPD [6] or PLCH [16]. The present study is the first to demonstrate th ...
... following chronic tobacco smoke exposure. Human studies with chronic cigarette smokers have confirmed these findings [13–15]. The highest numbers of mDCs with a Langerhans’ cell phenotype are found in the airways of smokers with COPD [6] or PLCH [16]. The present study is the first to demonstrate th ...
COMPLETE AMINO ACID SEQUENCE OF HEAVY CHAIN
... express the CRIA under certain experimental conditions (21-23). For example, it has been shown that idiotype-positive antibodies can be elicited in BALB/c mice that are first primed with anti-CRI antibodies and then inoculated with Ars-KLH (23). In fact, these idiotype-positive antibodies can occasi ...
... express the CRIA under certain experimental conditions (21-23). For example, it has been shown that idiotype-positive antibodies can be elicited in BALB/c mice that are first primed with anti-CRI antibodies and then inoculated with Ars-KLH (23). In fact, these idiotype-positive antibodies can occasi ...
Vaccine and Vaccination
... • The advantage of such vaccines is that immune response generated in vaccinated animals differs from animals naturally infected with the organism. • To differentiate vaccinated animals from naturally infected one, a test should be developed (for example: ELISA) which specifically detect immune resp ...
... • The advantage of such vaccines is that immune response generated in vaccinated animals differs from animals naturally infected with the organism. • To differentiate vaccinated animals from naturally infected one, a test should be developed (for example: ELISA) which specifically detect immune resp ...
PDF - Leukaemia Foundation
... of one type of cell in the body. For a cancer to become most dangerous, two things need to happen. Firstly, the cells need to grow excessively. Secondly, the cells need to not function normally and may invade and damage adjacent (normal) cells. Myeloproliferative neoplasms are cancers as the cells i ...
... of one type of cell in the body. For a cancer to become most dangerous, two things need to happen. Firstly, the cells need to grow excessively. Secondly, the cells need to not function normally and may invade and damage adjacent (normal) cells. Myeloproliferative neoplasms are cancers as the cells i ...
TLR3 Signaling in Human BDCA-3 Dendritic Cells Results in the
... bacteria which upon activation leads to the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Lu et al., 2008). TLR5 has been shown to specifically interact with flagellin from both gramnegative and gram-positive bacteria. Activation of TLR5 results in the production of TNF-α (Hayashi et al., 2001). TLR6 act ...
... bacteria which upon activation leads to the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Lu et al., 2008). TLR5 has been shown to specifically interact with flagellin from both gramnegative and gram-positive bacteria. Activation of TLR5 results in the production of TNF-α (Hayashi et al., 2001). TLR6 act ...
T Cell Expression of MyD88 Is + CD4 Essential for Normal Resolution of
... cause pathology. Activation of receptors upstream of MyD88, including TLR2 (5) and IL-1R (59), results in the development of oviduct damage in the mouse model. Although it is clear from these findings that MyD88-mediated signals promote tissue-damaging responses to chlamydial infection, detection of ...
... cause pathology. Activation of receptors upstream of MyD88, including TLR2 (5) and IL-1R (59), results in the development of oviduct damage in the mouse model. Although it is clear from these findings that MyD88-mediated signals promote tissue-damaging responses to chlamydial infection, detection of ...
The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic vessels and
... A type of white blood cell or leukocyte that is divided into two principal groups and a null group: B-lymphocytes, which produce antibodies in the humoral immune response, T-lymphocytes, which participate in the cell-mediated immune response, and the null group, which contains natural killer cells, ...
... A type of white blood cell or leukocyte that is divided into two principal groups and a null group: B-lymphocytes, which produce antibodies in the humoral immune response, T-lymphocytes, which participate in the cell-mediated immune response, and the null group, which contains natural killer cells, ...
Lee_washington_0250E_11503
... CD4+ T helper (Th) cells play an important role in the immune system. They are capable of influencing other immune cells, including activation and maintenance of CD8+ T cell and B cell responses, optimization of macrophage and dendritic cell functions, and regulation of peripheral tolerance. Two sti ...
... CD4+ T helper (Th) cells play an important role in the immune system. They are capable of influencing other immune cells, including activation and maintenance of CD8+ T cell and B cell responses, optimization of macrophage and dendritic cell functions, and regulation of peripheral tolerance. Two sti ...
Persistence of Mycoplasmal Infections and Various Clinical Conditions
... Certain Mycoplasma species can either activate or suppress host immune systems, and they may use these activities to evade host immune responses. For example, some mycoplasmas can inhibit or stimulate the proliferation of normal lymphocyte subsets, induce B-cell differentiation and trigger the secre ...
... Certain Mycoplasma species can either activate or suppress host immune systems, and they may use these activities to evade host immune responses. For example, some mycoplasmas can inhibit or stimulate the proliferation of normal lymphocyte subsets, induce B-cell differentiation and trigger the secre ...
Review Article - clinicalevidence
... cells directly (80). When a mixed suspension of PepG and LTA was added to endothelial cells in vitro, enhanced adhesiveness for granulocytes were noted after 24 h. This corresponded with increased expression of intracellular adhesion molecule 1 on the cell surface, and release of the chemokine IL-8 ...
... cells directly (80). When a mixed suspension of PepG and LTA was added to endothelial cells in vitro, enhanced adhesiveness for granulocytes were noted after 24 h. This corresponded with increased expression of intracellular adhesion molecule 1 on the cell surface, and release of the chemokine IL-8 ...
Bacterial complement evasion
... disulfide bond and associated by non-covalent forces (Janssen et al., 2005). One of the most intriguing features of C3 is its ability to attach covalently to acceptor molecules on cells surfaces. This property is derived from the presence of an intramolecular thioester bond within the C3d region. Th ...
... disulfide bond and associated by non-covalent forces (Janssen et al., 2005). One of the most intriguing features of C3 is its ability to attach covalently to acceptor molecules on cells surfaces. This property is derived from the presence of an intramolecular thioester bond within the C3d region. Th ...
Regulatory T Helper Cells in Pregnancy and Tolerance Linköping University Post Print
... colony stimulating factor 1 (most commonly known as macrophage (M)-CSF15. Further, as compared with blood, more T cells in decidua produce IL-4 whereas fewer produce IFN-γ16. These findings of dominating Th2 and anti-inflammatory cytokines in human decidua are in line with Wegman’s observations in ...
... colony stimulating factor 1 (most commonly known as macrophage (M)-CSF15. Further, as compared with blood, more T cells in decidua produce IL-4 whereas fewer produce IFN-γ16. These findings of dominating Th2 and anti-inflammatory cytokines in human decidua are in line with Wegman’s observations in ...
Proinflammatory profile of in vitro monocytes in the ageing is
... increasing susceptibility to infection and others diseases. The infections caused by Gram-negative microorganisms, present in nursing homes and hospitals, constitute one of the most common infections in the elderly, and are mainly combated by innate immune cells. Although the functions of innate imm ...
... increasing susceptibility to infection and others diseases. The infections caused by Gram-negative microorganisms, present in nursing homes and hospitals, constitute one of the most common infections in the elderly, and are mainly combated by innate immune cells. Although the functions of innate imm ...
OX40 ligand newly expressed on bronchiolar progenitors mediates
... active on these cells independent of OX40, experiments should also be performed assessing weight loss and survival in OX40L-/- and OX40-/- with H3N2 to show that the results are not simply specific for one strain of flu. 3. The authors imply that OX40L-/- mice are protected from lethal flu infection ...
... active on these cells independent of OX40, experiments should also be performed assessing weight loss and survival in OX40L-/- and OX40-/- with H3N2 to show that the results are not simply specific for one strain of flu. 3. The authors imply that OX40L-/- mice are protected from lethal flu infection ...
Immune Profiling by High Throughput Sequencing of B and T Cell
... Killer T cells, marked by the surface expression of CD8, recognize short peptides (~8-10 amino acids) presented on the surface of cells by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) Class I molecules(1). Helper T cells, marked by the surface expression of CD4, recognize longer peptides (~12-16 nucleotides) prese ...
... Killer T cells, marked by the surface expression of CD8, recognize short peptides (~8-10 amino acids) presented on the surface of cells by human leukocyte antigen (HLA) Class I molecules(1). Helper T cells, marked by the surface expression of CD4, recognize longer peptides (~12-16 nucleotides) prese ...
Local Immune Responses in Human Tuberculosis: Learning From
... tuberculosis–infected macrophages can transform into epitheliod cells and also fuse to form multinucleated giant cells (MGCs). Classically activated macrophages (CAMs) are more bactericidal and control M. tuberculosis replication better than do alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs). Secretion o ...
... tuberculosis–infected macrophages can transform into epitheliod cells and also fuse to form multinucleated giant cells (MGCs). Classically activated macrophages (CAMs) are more bactericidal and control M. tuberculosis replication better than do alternatively activated macrophages (AAMs). Secretion o ...
T cells - Amazon S3
... Antibody molecules produce antibodymediated immunity (humoral immunity) within plasma Antibodies resist disease first by recognizing foreign or abnormal substances (Figure 21-19) ...
... Antibody molecules produce antibodymediated immunity (humoral immunity) within plasma Antibodies resist disease first by recognizing foreign or abnormal substances (Figure 21-19) ...
Functional Characterization of the CD300e Leukocyte Receptor Tamara Brckalo
... repair of tissues after inflammation [38]. The heterogeneity of tissue macrophages reflects the specialization of function that they have adopted in different locations, such as the ability of osteoclasts to remodel bone, or the high expression of pattern recognition receptors and scavenger receptor ...
... repair of tissues after inflammation [38]. The heterogeneity of tissue macrophages reflects the specialization of function that they have adopted in different locations, such as the ability of osteoclasts to remodel bone, or the high expression of pattern recognition receptors and scavenger receptor ...
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.