Antigen Presentation by B cells
... to binding and stimulation of T cells in the Tcell areas of lymphoid tissues. If the antigen has also been bound by B cells, then both B and T cells can cluster with DCs. After activation, B blasts move to the lining of the intestine, the bone marrow, and other parts of the lymphoid tissue with some ...
... to binding and stimulation of T cells in the Tcell areas of lymphoid tissues. If the antigen has also been bound by B cells, then both B and T cells can cluster with DCs. After activation, B blasts move to the lining of the intestine, the bone marrow, and other parts of the lymphoid tissue with some ...
Sensitive analysis and isolation of ROR1+ B cells
... expressed on both normal and malignant cells, and only characteristic marker expression profiles help distinguish between normal and malignant cells. Identification of new markers and the optimization of antibody panels for flow cytometric immunophenotyping would greatly enhance leukemia research. A ...
... expressed on both normal and malignant cells, and only characteristic marker expression profiles help distinguish between normal and malignant cells. Identification of new markers and the optimization of antibody panels for flow cytometric immunophenotyping would greatly enhance leukemia research. A ...
Cytomegalovirus
... Blood is classified according to the presence of these antigens: ◦ Group A contains antigen A ◦ Group B contains antigen B ◦ Group AB contains both antigens ◦ Group O contains neither antigen Blood plasma contains antibodies against the opposite antigen: A person with Type A blood has antibodies aga ...
... Blood is classified according to the presence of these antigens: ◦ Group A contains antigen A ◦ Group B contains antigen B ◦ Group AB contains both antigens ◦ Group O contains neither antigen Blood plasma contains antibodies against the opposite antigen: A person with Type A blood has antibodies aga ...
Microbiology : Unit #2 : Bacteria
... By endocytosis or phagocytosis, these antigens are taken into the antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and processed into fragments. ...
... By endocytosis or phagocytosis, these antigens are taken into the antigen-presenting cells (APCs) and processed into fragments. ...
chapter 19 autoimmunity: breakdown of self-tolerance
... experimental situations in which autoimmune processes play a key role in active tissue destruction and disease. We discuss below a few examples of human autoimmune diseases and identify their key features. For some of them we will also present experimental autoimmune diseases which have been central ...
... experimental situations in which autoimmune processes play a key role in active tissue destruction and disease. We discuss below a few examples of human autoimmune diseases and identify their key features. For some of them we will also present experimental autoimmune diseases which have been central ...
Innate Immune System
... 6. What is the final lytic pathway of complement? What purpose does it serve? C5 is cleaved by either classical or alternate pathway C5 convertase. The C5a fragment is a potent initiator of inflammation. C5b goes on to complex with other complement proteins to form the membrane attack complex MAC (C ...
... 6. What is the final lytic pathway of complement? What purpose does it serve? C5 is cleaved by either classical or alternate pathway C5 convertase. The C5a fragment is a potent initiator of inflammation. C5b goes on to complex with other complement proteins to form the membrane attack complex MAC (C ...
Lecture 26. Prevention and Control -
... • Gamma globulin – Ig’s from pooled blood of at least 1,000 human donors • variable content • non-specific ...
... • Gamma globulin – Ig’s from pooled blood of at least 1,000 human donors • variable content • non-specific ...
(From the Department of Pathology, New York University School of
... with the hapten a new and complete antigenic determinant. This interpretation postulates that the specificity of the antihapten antibodies involve both the hapten and adjacent areas of the carrier molecule. According to this view, the energy that will allow binding of a sufficient amount of antigen ...
... with the hapten a new and complete antigenic determinant. This interpretation postulates that the specificity of the antihapten antibodies involve both the hapten and adjacent areas of the carrier molecule. According to this view, the energy that will allow binding of a sufficient amount of antigen ...
Acknowledgements - Bourns College of Engineering
... D. Levy and J. Darnell, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol (2002) 3: 651-662 ...
... D. Levy and J. Darnell, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol (2002) 3: 651-662 ...
T cell activation
... gp binds to the TCR). Negative selection - the elimination of autoreactive cells, which strongly bind MHCgp with normal peptides (autoantigens) which are expressed on the surface of thymic cells 98% of pro-thymocytes in the thymus ...
... gp binds to the TCR). Negative selection - the elimination of autoreactive cells, which strongly bind MHCgp with normal peptides (autoantigens) which are expressed on the surface of thymic cells 98% of pro-thymocytes in the thymus ...
ACTH_Instruction
... Mutations in this gene have been associated with early onset obesity, adrenal insufficiency, and red hair pigmentation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described. ...
... Mutations in this gene have been associated with early onset obesity, adrenal insufficiency, and red hair pigmentation. Alternatively spliced transcript variants encoding the same protein have been described. ...
Bio-261-Immune-System-part-2
... • B cell receptors allow B cells to bind to a specific antigens. • B cells become activated and differentiate into effector B cells that produce specific antibodies against the antigen. • 2 types of antigens are T cell dependent antigen and T cell independent antigen, ...
... • B cell receptors allow B cells to bind to a specific antigens. • B cells become activated and differentiate into effector B cells that produce specific antibodies against the antigen. • 2 types of antigens are T cell dependent antigen and T cell independent antigen, ...
Dendritic cell
... blood granulocytes that express cytoplasmic granules Granules contain basic proteins that bind acidic dyes such as eosin bone marrow derived GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-5 promote eosinophil maturation from myeloid precursors Some normally present in peripheral tissues, especially in mucosal linings of the ...
... blood granulocytes that express cytoplasmic granules Granules contain basic proteins that bind acidic dyes such as eosin bone marrow derived GM-CSF, IL-3, and IL-5 promote eosinophil maturation from myeloid precursors Some normally present in peripheral tissues, especially in mucosal linings of the ...
BRUCELLOSIS AND THE INNATE IMMUNE SYSTEM (Part 3)
... Conde-Alvarez et al (2012) reported that the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the gramnegative bacterium Brucella sp lacks a marked pathogen-associated molecular pattern, and it has been postulated that this delays the development of immunity, creating a gap that is critical for the bacterium to reach th ...
... Conde-Alvarez et al (2012) reported that the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of the gramnegative bacterium Brucella sp lacks a marked pathogen-associated molecular pattern, and it has been postulated that this delays the development of immunity, creating a gap that is critical for the bacterium to reach th ...
IMMUNOLOGY
... o Secondary or peripheral organs: lymph nodes, spleen, Peyer's patches (lymphoid tissue in the submucosa of small intestine), & tonsils The predominant cell is lymphocyte Also, monocytes-macrophages, endothelial cells, eosinophils, & mast cells 2 types of immunity (humoral & cell-mediated) dep ...
... o Secondary or peripheral organs: lymph nodes, spleen, Peyer's patches (lymphoid tissue in the submucosa of small intestine), & tonsils The predominant cell is lymphocyte Also, monocytes-macrophages, endothelial cells, eosinophils, & mast cells 2 types of immunity (humoral & cell-mediated) dep ...
Vaccination of Patients with Small-Cell Lung Cancer with Synthetic
... attack chemoresistant tumor cells. Because of its neuroectodermal origin, SCLC has a number of specific antigens that could serve as immune targets. To identify the most appropriate carbohydrate antigens to use, we analyzed a series of tumor samples and normal tissues by immunohistochemistry (1). Wi ...
... attack chemoresistant tumor cells. Because of its neuroectodermal origin, SCLC has a number of specific antigens that could serve as immune targets. To identify the most appropriate carbohydrate antigens to use, we analyzed a series of tumor samples and normal tissues by immunohistochemistry (1). Wi ...
Blood
... Two types of lymphocytes: T cells – immune system functions B cells give rise to plasma cells, which produce antibodies ...
... Two types of lymphocytes: T cells – immune system functions B cells give rise to plasma cells, which produce antibodies ...
Chapter 24 - Human Anatomy
... – Secretions (such as tears, sweat, and saliva) with antimicrobial chemicals – Strong stomach acids that kill most pathogens ingested with food ...
... – Secretions (such as tears, sweat, and saliva) with antimicrobial chemicals – Strong stomach acids that kill most pathogens ingested with food ...
The Teaching of Immunology Using Educational Gaming Paradigms
... phagocyte will present portions of the cell called antigens on its surface using MHC (Figure 1 step 2). Helper T cells then use this information to direct the immune responses of the body [3]. The immune system acts to remove pathogens from the body by two methods called the cell mediated response a ...
... phagocyte will present portions of the cell called antigens on its surface using MHC (Figure 1 step 2). Helper T cells then use this information to direct the immune responses of the body [3]. The immune system acts to remove pathogens from the body by two methods called the cell mediated response a ...
Previews Synaptic Asymmetry to Go Leading Edge Michael L. Dustin
... *Correspondence: [email protected] DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2008.02.016 ...
... *Correspondence: [email protected] DOI 10.1016/j.cell.2008.02.016 ...
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.