What Causes Infectious Diseases
... The most common disease-causing fungi invade mainly deep tissues of the hair, nails, and skin. Ringworm and athletes foot are the two most common fungal ...
... The most common disease-causing fungi invade mainly deep tissues of the hair, nails, and skin. Ringworm and athletes foot are the two most common fungal ...
Non specific response to disease - Science Website
... Step 1 - When the pathogen enters, our body realises it is foreign because it has markers on its outer membrane. These markers are Antigens. (Our own cells have these but our body recognises that they are our own and not a threat) Step 2 - Antibodies in our blood attach to the foreign antigens and t ...
... Step 1 - When the pathogen enters, our body realises it is foreign because it has markers on its outer membrane. These markers are Antigens. (Our own cells have these but our body recognises that they are our own and not a threat) Step 2 - Antibodies in our blood attach to the foreign antigens and t ...
Cells and Tissues of the Immune System
... produced by Ag-stimulated T cells • Different T cells express receptors for molecules unique to HEV’s of different tissues, therefore there is directed migration of specialized lymphocytes ...
... produced by Ag-stimulated T cells • Different T cells express receptors for molecules unique to HEV’s of different tissues, therefore there is directed migration of specialized lymphocytes ...
Supplementary Figure Legends (doc 38K)
... surface markers. (a) Treg depleted mice showed impaired colonic IL-17A and IL-17F production by CD4+CD3+TCRβ+ cells (upper panels) but not in CD4-CD3+TCRβ- cells (lower panels) 10 days post C. rodentium infection. Colonic lamina propria lymphocytes (cLPLs) were isolated from Treg depleted hosts or n ...
... surface markers. (a) Treg depleted mice showed impaired colonic IL-17A and IL-17F production by CD4+CD3+TCRβ+ cells (upper panels) but not in CD4-CD3+TCRβ- cells (lower panels) 10 days post C. rodentium infection. Colonic lamina propria lymphocytes (cLPLs) were isolated from Treg depleted hosts or n ...
Lymphatic System and Body Defenses
... Immunological Surveillance is done by macrophages and natural killer cells. They kill virus infected cells and cancerous cells. Complement system – a combination of at least 20 proteins, when activated fix pore complexes in the membranes of Antigens and kill them due to loss of fluids. Inflammatory ...
... Immunological Surveillance is done by macrophages and natural killer cells. They kill virus infected cells and cancerous cells. Complement system – a combination of at least 20 proteins, when activated fix pore complexes in the membranes of Antigens and kill them due to loss of fluids. Inflammatory ...
No Slide Title - Dental Student Pathology
... • Bind to – and “neutralize” – bugs, so they can’t infect cells. • Coat (“opsonize”) bugs, making them yummy to macrophages and neutrophils (which have receptors for the Fc portion of IgG! How handy!). • Activate complement. ...
... • Bind to – and “neutralize” – bugs, so they can’t infect cells. • Coat (“opsonize”) bugs, making them yummy to macrophages and neutrophils (which have receptors for the Fc portion of IgG! How handy!). • Activate complement. ...
Immunity and Health - PubContent test page
... Exposure to a weakened or harmless form of a pathogen in a vaccine allows the body to form a memory of the pathogen without the risk of symptoms. The body then produces the cells necessary to rapidly respond to the pathogen if encountered again. ...
... Exposure to a weakened or harmless form of a pathogen in a vaccine allows the body to form a memory of the pathogen without the risk of symptoms. The body then produces the cells necessary to rapidly respond to the pathogen if encountered again. ...
40. Lymphatics System
... other host cells) Antibody-mediated (humoral) immunity – attack by circulating antibodies, also called immunoglobins (Ig’s), released by the plasma cells derived from activated B cells “humor” – from old-fashioned word for stuff in the blood, like ‘good humors’ and ‘bad humors’ ...
... other host cells) Antibody-mediated (humoral) immunity – attack by circulating antibodies, also called immunoglobins (Ig’s), released by the plasma cells derived from activated B cells “humor” – from old-fashioned word for stuff in the blood, like ‘good humors’ and ‘bad humors’ ...
Chapters 20, 21, and 22
... Antibody Targets and Functions a. Complement fixation and activation occurs when complement binds to antibodies attached to antigens, and leads to lysis of the cell. b. Neutralization occurs when antibodies block specific sites on viruses or bacterial exotoxins, causing them to lose their toxic effe ...
... Antibody Targets and Functions a. Complement fixation and activation occurs when complement binds to antibodies attached to antigens, and leads to lysis of the cell. b. Neutralization occurs when antibodies block specific sites on viruses or bacterial exotoxins, causing them to lose their toxic effe ...
PPT6 - Francis Marion University
... More stress=more illness Stress does not influence disease in some mystic fashion. The physiological status of the host is altered in some way. ...
... More stress=more illness Stress does not influence disease in some mystic fashion. The physiological status of the host is altered in some way. ...
the programme
... Adjuvants and vaccine delivery Chairman: EM Agger E De Gregorio (Siena) Novel TLR-dependent vaccine adjuvants A Harandi (Gothenburg) Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvants: Hope or Hype EM Agger (Copenhagen) Optimizing T cell responses for TB vaccines F Verreck (Rijswijk) (Short talk) Comparative evaluation of t ...
... Adjuvants and vaccine delivery Chairman: EM Agger E De Gregorio (Siena) Novel TLR-dependent vaccine adjuvants A Harandi (Gothenburg) Mucosal Vaccine Adjuvants: Hope or Hype EM Agger (Copenhagen) Optimizing T cell responses for TB vaccines F Verreck (Rijswijk) (Short talk) Comparative evaluation of t ...
The Immune System
... If a pathogen is able to get past the nonspecific defenses, it will encounter the specific defenses. It is at this stage the immune system comes into play. It enables the body to fight infection through the production of antibodies or cells that inactivate foreign substances or cells, The immune sys ...
... If a pathogen is able to get past the nonspecific defenses, it will encounter the specific defenses. It is at this stage the immune system comes into play. It enables the body to fight infection through the production of antibodies or cells that inactivate foreign substances or cells, The immune sys ...
Micro 532 Exam 1995
... period of several weeks. The gingival inflammation is considerably better and the suppuration has been eliminated, but now the patient complains of joint and skin pain. Because you suspect that the antibiotic is the villain, you suspend the antibiotic therapy. However, even weeks after, the patient ...
... period of several weeks. The gingival inflammation is considerably better and the suppuration has been eliminated, but now the patient complains of joint and skin pain. Because you suspect that the antibiotic is the villain, you suspend the antibiotic therapy. However, even weeks after, the patient ...
S. Typhi-specific CD8+ T EM responses
... Uncovered, for the first time, that S. Typhi-specific CD8 T cell baseline responses correlate significantly with clinical outcome after infection Revealed some of the immunological mechanisms responsible for delayed time to disease onset Demonstrated that multifunctional T cells appear to play ...
... Uncovered, for the first time, that S. Typhi-specific CD8 T cell baseline responses correlate significantly with clinical outcome after infection Revealed some of the immunological mechanisms responsible for delayed time to disease onset Demonstrated that multifunctional T cells appear to play ...
bacterial Pathogenesis
... a. overt pathogens have a high probability of causing disease in an otherwise healthy host b. opportunistic pathogens have a low probability and usually require a debilitated or compromised host ...
... a. overt pathogens have a high probability of causing disease in an otherwise healthy host b. opportunistic pathogens have a low probability and usually require a debilitated or compromised host ...
Med Tech Flow Cytometry Lecture
... A 5-year-old female presented with bone pain and a WBC of 50,000. A bone marrow sample was submitted for flow cytometry. ...
... A 5-year-old female presented with bone pain and a WBC of 50,000. A bone marrow sample was submitted for flow cytometry. ...
Immune Response to Infectious Diseases Objective Questions 1
... 1. What are the major groups of pathogens? Provide examples of diseases caused by each of the groups. 2. In general, why are infectious diseases such a huge problem world wide? 3. What is the basic structure of a virus? 4. Explain the viral replication process, in generic terms. 5. Describe the host ...
... 1. What are the major groups of pathogens? Provide examples of diseases caused by each of the groups. 2. In general, why are infectious diseases such a huge problem world wide? 3. What is the basic structure of a virus? 4. Explain the viral replication process, in generic terms. 5. Describe the host ...
T cells
... - TGF-β1 is the founding and predominant member of this family - controls proliferation, differentiation, and other functions in many cell types - acts as a negative autocrine growth factor - specific receptors for TGF-β activation trigger apoptosis when activated ...
... - TGF-β1 is the founding and predominant member of this family - controls proliferation, differentiation, and other functions in many cell types - acts as a negative autocrine growth factor - specific receptors for TGF-β activation trigger apoptosis when activated ...
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.