Lecture 1
... Exposure of tissue to extreme heat or cold results in direct injury that is often irreversible, resulting in a pattern of coagulative necrosis (see later). Sudden changes in pressure can cause cellular disruption (e.g. a hammer blow to the thumb). Electrical currents can cause direct breakdown of ce ...
... Exposure of tissue to extreme heat or cold results in direct injury that is often irreversible, resulting in a pattern of coagulative necrosis (see later). Sudden changes in pressure can cause cellular disruption (e.g. a hammer blow to the thumb). Electrical currents can cause direct breakdown of ce ...
File
... Hematopoietic Stem Cell or BM Transplant • Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) is the widely used cure. • Abnormal lymphocytes replaced by immunocompetent cells. • Success rates 90% or higher with close HLA matched donor. – Haploidentical match (from parent) with 78% success rate. ...
... Hematopoietic Stem Cell or BM Transplant • Bone Marrow Transplant (BMT) is the widely used cure. • Abnormal lymphocytes replaced by immunocompetent cells. • Success rates 90% or higher with close HLA matched donor. – Haploidentical match (from parent) with 78% success rate. ...
... CD4+ T cell response in the lungs of COPD patients is less well characterized it is accepted that in order for most classes of CD8+ T cell responses to be mounted effectively, CD4+ T cell ‘help’ is required. This indicates that CD4+ T cell activation also plays a critical role in driving the adaptiv ...
Immune System
... a) Define and use properly the following words: Lines of defense, Primary lymphatic organs, Secondary Lymphatic organs, Innate immune cells, Innate immune system, Adaptive immune system, Immune system cells, Parenchymal cells, Antigen receptor cells, Natural Killer Cells (NK), Antigen presenting cel ...
... a) Define and use properly the following words: Lines of defense, Primary lymphatic organs, Secondary Lymphatic organs, Innate immune cells, Innate immune system, Adaptive immune system, Immune system cells, Parenchymal cells, Antigen receptor cells, Natural Killer Cells (NK), Antigen presenting cel ...
Cytotoxic CD8 T
... • The sequence of a given viral envelope is specific for one of the chemokine receptor types • The main two chemokine receptors are CCR5 and CXCR4 that are distributed on different cell lineages • Strains that bind to CCR5 are termed “R5” tropic and those that bind CXCR4 are termed “R4” tropic ...
... • The sequence of a given viral envelope is specific for one of the chemokine receptor types • The main two chemokine receptors are CCR5 and CXCR4 that are distributed on different cell lineages • Strains that bind to CCR5 are termed “R5” tropic and those that bind CXCR4 are termed “R4” tropic ...
Group_4_Abstract - Mast Cell
... In the field of mast cell and basophil research, the most used experimental tools are based on murine models. Regarding basophils not much research on animal models has been carried out as yet. In general, we can distinguish between two types of mast cell deficient mouse models: c-Kitdependent model ...
... In the field of mast cell and basophil research, the most used experimental tools are based on murine models. Regarding basophils not much research on animal models has been carried out as yet. In general, we can distinguish between two types of mast cell deficient mouse models: c-Kitdependent model ...
Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses to Viruses
... Several are in clinical practice, including aluminum hydroxide gel (which appears to promote B cell responses) and lipid formulations that are ingested by phagocytes ...
... Several are in clinical practice, including aluminum hydroxide gel (which appears to promote B cell responses) and lipid formulations that are ingested by phagocytes ...
Lymphatic System
... Site of fetal erythrocyte production (normally ceases after birth) Stores blood platelets ...
... Site of fetal erythrocyte production (normally ceases after birth) Stores blood platelets ...
Microbiology 205 – Spring 2008 Final Exam Study Guide
... secondary response. Explain why this makes sense for the responses to be set up this way. 18. What is the time frame for the primary response? Secondary response? Which is faster and why? 19. What is the first antibody produced in response to an infection? 20. What form does IgM take when its secret ...
... secondary response. Explain why this makes sense for the responses to be set up this way. 18. What is the time frame for the primary response? Secondary response? Which is faster and why? 19. What is the first antibody produced in response to an infection? 20. What form does IgM take when its secret ...
IMPROVE IMMunIty
... tion and lymphatic drainage. 5. Have regular bed and awakening times. If you take naps, take them at a regular intervals. Try to establish a rhythm. 6. Avoid drinking before bed so you don’t need to wake up to urinate. If it helps, add darker curtains to your room. Earplugs may benefit sleep. ...
... tion and lymphatic drainage. 5. Have regular bed and awakening times. If you take naps, take them at a regular intervals. Try to establish a rhythm. 6. Avoid drinking before bed so you don’t need to wake up to urinate. If it helps, add darker curtains to your room. Earplugs may benefit sleep. ...
Lecture 7: Adaptive immune response
... Cytokine – any of numerous secreted, low-molecular-weight proteins that regulate the intensity and duration of the immune response by exerting a variety of effects on lymphocytes and other immune cells. They stimulate or inhibit the activation, proliferation, and/or differentiation of various cells ...
... Cytokine – any of numerous secreted, low-molecular-weight proteins that regulate the intensity and duration of the immune response by exerting a variety of effects on lymphocytes and other immune cells. They stimulate or inhibit the activation, proliferation, and/or differentiation of various cells ...
Roles for mesenchymal stem cells as medicinal signaling cells
... MSCs can be isolated from BM and other vascularized tissues including fat, dental pulp and muscle. They are defined in vitro by a specific surface marker expression profile (blue box), their ability to adhere to plastic and form colonies (i.e., CFU-F cells), and their capacity for serial expansion. ...
... MSCs can be isolated from BM and other vascularized tissues including fat, dental pulp and muscle. They are defined in vitro by a specific surface marker expression profile (blue box), their ability to adhere to plastic and form colonies (i.e., CFU-F cells), and their capacity for serial expansion. ...
CONQUERING ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME
... The contents of this presentaAon have not been approved by an authorised person within the meaning of SecAon 21 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (as amended) ("FSMA"). Reliance on the co ...
... The contents of this presentaAon have not been approved by an authorised person within the meaning of SecAon 21 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (as amended) ("FSMA"). Reliance on the co ...
Herbal Medicines for Immunosuppression
... play a major role in development of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.4 A number of anti-inflammatory drugs including various traditional medicines and natural products are being under study for the treatment of various disorders. The effects o ...
... play a major role in development of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis.4 A number of anti-inflammatory drugs including various traditional medicines and natural products are being under study for the treatment of various disorders. The effects o ...
VI. In the humoral response, B cells defend against pathogens in
... 2. Explain how the physical barrier of skin is reinforced by chemical defenses. 3. Define phagocytosis and list two types of phagocytic cells derived from white blood cells. 4. Explain how the function of natural killer cells differs from the function of phagocytes. 5. Describe the inflammatory resp ...
... 2. Explain how the physical barrier of skin is reinforced by chemical defenses. 3. Define phagocytosis and list two types of phagocytic cells derived from white blood cells. 4. Explain how the function of natural killer cells differs from the function of phagocytes. 5. Describe the inflammatory resp ...
KP 10
... reactions where the antibody (IgG or IgM) is directed against antigen on an individual’s own cells or against foreign antibody, such as that acquired after blood transfusion • This may lead to cytotoxic action by killer cells or to lysis mediated by the complement system ...
... reactions where the antibody (IgG or IgM) is directed against antigen on an individual’s own cells or against foreign antibody, such as that acquired after blood transfusion • This may lead to cytotoxic action by killer cells or to lysis mediated by the complement system ...
Successful Plating Strategies
... yielded a strong response, the fusion should be repeated, but the choice of screening method should be re-evaluated. If the immune response was weak, new approaches to the immunization should be tried. If only a few positive clones were identified, these should be tested as early as possible to dete ...
... yielded a strong response, the fusion should be repeated, but the choice of screening method should be re-evaluated. If the immune response was weak, new approaches to the immunization should be tried. If only a few positive clones were identified, these should be tested as early as possible to dete ...
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.