Kidney-lect-2010-2-Glomer
... • Filtration is relatively selective: • Size - water, small solutes < 70,000kD • Charge - GBM region is anionic e.g. GBM heparan sulphate, epithel and endothel cell membrane glycoproteins - thus, cationic molecules are more easily filtered • Nephrin in slit diaphragms helps maintain integrity of fil ...
... • Filtration is relatively selective: • Size - water, small solutes < 70,000kD • Charge - GBM region is anionic e.g. GBM heparan sulphate, epithel and endothel cell membrane glycoproteins - thus, cationic molecules are more easily filtered • Nephrin in slit diaphragms helps maintain integrity of fil ...
The Gene Ontology and Immune System Processes
... • Developed for the annotation of gene products, primarily proteins, but also RNAs of various types, to provide a common language for representing protein properties. • Predates BFO and the OBO Foundry, and is still being improved to match recent best practices in ontology building. ...
... • Developed for the annotation of gene products, primarily proteins, but also RNAs of various types, to provide a common language for representing protein properties. • Predates BFO and the OBO Foundry, and is still being improved to match recent best practices in ontology building. ...
cancer vaccines: between the idea and the reality
... aluminum-based salts (alum) and a squalene−oil− water emulsion (MF59) — many other substances that increase the immunogenicity of vaccines have been tested and proven to be effective in animal models and humans. Many new adjuvants are molecules of known function and, therefore, the mechanisms of the ...
... aluminum-based salts (alum) and a squalene−oil− water emulsion (MF59) — many other substances that increase the immunogenicity of vaccines have been tested and proven to be effective in animal models and humans. Many new adjuvants are molecules of known function and, therefore, the mechanisms of the ...
CANCER VACCINES: BETWEEN THE IDEA AND THE REALITY Olivera J. Finn
... aluminum-based salts (alum) and a squalene−oil− water emulsion (MF59) — many other substances that increase the immunogenicity of vaccines have been tested and proven to be effective in animal models and humans. Many new adjuvants are molecules of known function and, therefore, the mechanisms of the ...
... aluminum-based salts (alum) and a squalene−oil− water emulsion (MF59) — many other substances that increase the immunogenicity of vaccines have been tested and proven to be effective in animal models and humans. Many new adjuvants are molecules of known function and, therefore, the mechanisms of the ...
"Interferons and HIV infection: from protection to disease”
... homeostasis, differentiation and function of a variety of cell lineages by inducing the transcription of hundreds of genes. Hence, IFN contribute to development of adaptive antimicrobial and antitumor immunity. The action of IFN is rapid but transient and highly controlled. Excess IFN production or ...
... homeostasis, differentiation and function of a variety of cell lineages by inducing the transcription of hundreds of genes. Hence, IFN contribute to development of adaptive antimicrobial and antitumor immunity. The action of IFN is rapid but transient and highly controlled. Excess IFN production or ...
Chapter 22: The Lymphatic System
... • Extracted antigens are “presented” to lymphocytes: – or attached to dendritic cells to stimulate lymphocytes ...
... • Extracted antigens are “presented” to lymphocytes: – or attached to dendritic cells to stimulate lymphocytes ...
Blood clot
... - kill parasites (attach to the parasite and attack its cell membrane) c) action of some types of lymphocytes: • NK (natural killer) and LAK (lymphokine activated cells) cells - recognize absence of normal “self” antigens in the body´s infected and tumour cells and destroy them • K (killer) cells - ...
... - kill parasites (attach to the parasite and attack its cell membrane) c) action of some types of lymphocytes: • NK (natural killer) and LAK (lymphokine activated cells) cells - recognize absence of normal “self” antigens in the body´s infected and tumour cells and destroy them • K (killer) cells - ...
Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Diseases: A Short
... its own cells and tissues. Any disease that results from response (natural autoimmunity) or pathologically induced, which may eventually lead to development of clinical abnormalities such an aberrant immune response is termed an (autoimmune disease). Different mechanisms are involved in autoimmune d ...
... its own cells and tissues. Any disease that results from response (natural autoimmunity) or pathologically induced, which may eventually lead to development of clinical abnormalities such an aberrant immune response is termed an (autoimmune disease). Different mechanisms are involved in autoimmune d ...
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... RA Auto-immune Genetics Hereditary – strong genetic component of RA, as verified thru twin studies HLA-DR4 – most patients have a common sequence QKRAA in MHC proteins of HLA-DR4 class Rheumatoid Factor – IgM (or any isotype) auto-immune antibody binds to constant region of IgG o Highly sensit ...
... RA Auto-immune Genetics Hereditary – strong genetic component of RA, as verified thru twin studies HLA-DR4 – most patients have a common sequence QKRAA in MHC proteins of HLA-DR4 class Rheumatoid Factor – IgM (or any isotype) auto-immune antibody binds to constant region of IgG o Highly sensit ...
Boosting Your Dog`s Immune System DNM
... the body, the immune system has nothing to use its new found readiness against. And thus it waits, charged up, primed for some/any threat to manifest so that it can jump on it with a vengeance. One thing to keep in mind about this kind of immune booster is that the immune system can be fooled by a f ...
... the body, the immune system has nothing to use its new found readiness against. And thus it waits, charged up, primed for some/any threat to manifest so that it can jump on it with a vengeance. One thing to keep in mind about this kind of immune booster is that the immune system can be fooled by a f ...
Chapter 2 Antigen
... Functional determinants and sequestered determinants Functional determinants : The determinants existing on the surface of Ag which can be recognized by BCR or combined with Ab easily. Immune dominant determinant:Specially important determinant. Sequestered determinants: The determinants existi ...
... Functional determinants and sequestered determinants Functional determinants : The determinants existing on the surface of Ag which can be recognized by BCR or combined with Ab easily. Immune dominant determinant:Specially important determinant. Sequestered determinants: The determinants existi ...
Tibb Position on Autoimmune disease
... medicine therefore revolves around dealing with the faulty part, sometimes by replacement, but usually by pharmaceutical drugs which stimulate the malfunction back to normal, or suppress its excess activity. For ...
... medicine therefore revolves around dealing with the faulty part, sometimes by replacement, but usually by pharmaceutical drugs which stimulate the malfunction back to normal, or suppress its excess activity. For ...
Winslow
... Modulation of lck activity can alter CD4/8 lineage commitment (based on the fact that the cytoplasmic tail of CD4 binds to more lck than CD8) ...
... Modulation of lck activity can alter CD4/8 lineage commitment (based on the fact that the cytoplasmic tail of CD4 binds to more lck than CD8) ...
Lung Host Defenses: A Status
... the idammatory response, can be perceived as a controlled reaction that requires specific initiation, modulation and ultimately dissolution. The immune status of the host (T-lymphocyte hypersensitivity, presence of agglutinating and opsonic antibody or activated maphages) may help to accelerate the ...
... the idammatory response, can be perceived as a controlled reaction that requires specific initiation, modulation and ultimately dissolution. The immune status of the host (T-lymphocyte hypersensitivity, presence of agglutinating and opsonic antibody or activated maphages) may help to accelerate the ...
Cytokines and the lung G.B. Toews
... subject of intense investigation. Other members of the mammalian TLR family will most likely be specific for PAMP9s characteristic of other classes of pathogens such as fungi (mannan, glucan and mycobacteria (lipoarabinomannan, muramyldipeptide)). Activation of TLRs initiate signal transduction path ...
... subject of intense investigation. Other members of the mammalian TLR family will most likely be specific for PAMP9s characteristic of other classes of pathogens such as fungi (mannan, glucan and mycobacteria (lipoarabinomannan, muramyldipeptide)). Activation of TLRs initiate signal transduction path ...
Hodgkin`s Disease - American Medical Technologists
... body against antigens. The interaction of T and B cells to protect the body from the "foreign invaders" (antigens) is called the immune response. The cause or causes of Hodgkin’s have not been identified. Some researchers have voiced the opinion that it is heterogeneous and possibly represents more ...
... body against antigens. The interaction of T and B cells to protect the body from the "foreign invaders" (antigens) is called the immune response. The cause or causes of Hodgkin’s have not been identified. Some researchers have voiced the opinion that it is heterogeneous and possibly represents more ...
Lecture #14 Bio3124 - University of Ottawa
... – Lethal factor cleaves protein kinases • Blocks immune system from attacking ...
... – Lethal factor cleaves protein kinases • Blocks immune system from attacking ...
Lecture 1
... Exposure of tissue to extreme heat or cold results in direct injury that is often irreversible, resulting in a pattern of coagulative necrosis (see later). Sudden changes in pressure can cause cellular disruption (e.g. a hammer blow to the thumb). Electrical currents can cause direct breakdown of ce ...
... Exposure of tissue to extreme heat or cold results in direct injury that is often irreversible, resulting in a pattern of coagulative necrosis (see later). Sudden changes in pressure can cause cellular disruption (e.g. a hammer blow to the thumb). Electrical currents can cause direct breakdown of ce ...
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.