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Candida albicans Daniel Gozalbo , Victoria Maneu , María Luisa Gil
Candida albicans Daniel Gozalbo , Victoria Maneu , María Luisa Gil

... dendritic cells at the sites of infection. IDO activation in neutrophils leads to the activation of the killing machinery while sparing the inflammatory response, whereas in dendritic cells results in tipping the balance between IL-12 and IL-10 production leading to Th1 and Treg-mediated protective ...
here - Aditec
here - Aditec

... Development of alternative routes of immunization is urgently needed for prevention of mucosal respiratory, enteric and genital infections as well as a means for making overall vaccine administration safer and simpler.The anatomical location, magnitude and quality of the immune response induced by m ...
Jawbone Disease Produces RANTES and
Jawbone Disease Produces RANTES and

... out the toxic, infected tooth socket properly). Other common causes include toxic metals, trauma, such as being hit in the face in a sports injury or a car accident, and gum infections. Cavitations may produce intermittent or chronic and terrible facial pain but they can also be silent, with few clu ...
Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma Presenting with Hemoptysis
Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma Presenting with Hemoptysis

... • Tumors often express proteins that can be recognized as foreign by the immune system – Mutated proteins, developmental/tissue restricted proteins, etc. ...
Mathematical Models of Immune Responses Following Vaccination
Mathematical Models of Immune Responses Following Vaccination

... As described in 2.1.1, naive CD4 T cells undergo two distinct pathways of differentiation resulting in either T h1 or T h2 cells with characteristic sets of cytokines. T h1 cytokines are often referred to as pro-inflammatory cytokines while T h2 cytokines are counteracting anti-inflammatory cytokine ...
Preventing Infection at Mucosal Surfaces
Preventing Infection at Mucosal Surfaces

... bacterial pathogen that enters the body through a skin wound, causing an innate immune response in the infected tissue that then leads to an adaptive immune response in the draining lymph node. The merits of this example are that it is simple and involves a tissue for which we have all observed the ...
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... trolled by liver-specific transcription factors, such as hepatocyte nuclear factors, nuclear factor-1, and CCAATenhancer-binding protein, which account for their liverspecific expression. During an acute phase or systemic inflammatory response, a variety of proinflammatory cytokines [such as interleukin ...
Plasma Cells - Roitt`s Essential Immunology
Plasma Cells - Roitt`s Essential Immunology

Short-term stress experienced at time of immunization induces a
Short-term stress experienced at time of immunization induces a

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... ABSTRACT: T-helper cell type (Th)2 lymphocytes play an important role in the initiation, progression and persistence of allergic diseases, including asthma. However, little is known about immunoregulatory mechanisms that determine susceptibility to, severity of, or persistence of asthma. The concept ...
CD4 and CD8: modulators of T-cell receptor
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... expression of two markers of inflammation, the inter-cellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and its ligand, lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA)-1 (Einstein et al. 2003). Also, systemically injected NPCs induced apoptosis of bloodborne CNS-infiltrating encephalitogenic T cells, thus protecting ...
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... antigen on their red blood cells doesn't have any enzymatic activity. People with Type O blood have agglutinins (antibodies) a and b in their blood plasma. Antibody a helps the body destroy any type A blood cells that might enter the circulation system. Antibody b helps the body destroy any type B b ...
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The Current Status of Gene Therapy for Prostate Cancer

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ABSTRACT - Johns Hopkins University

... approach utilizing irradiated allogeneic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) cell lines genetically modified to secrete granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) (2). In combination with chemotherapy, to deplete Treg cells, this approach has been shown to be successful in activati ...
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Organ-specific Autoimmune Disease: A Deficiency of
Organ-specific Autoimmune Disease: A Deficiency of

... that immunogenic APCs presenting PNS antigens primarily carry B7-1, while immunogenic APCs with islet antigens are predominantly B7-2 positive (Fig. 2). Salomon et al. raise the possibility that a compensatory increase in B7-1 expression occurs in APCs from B7-2 knockout mice (2). Assuming this occu ...
Measles infection of the central nervous system
Measles infection of the central nervous system

... establishment of a persistent MV infection. The importance of antigen presentation for the immune defense became evident in TAP transporter–deficient mice, which cannot present antigen on MHC class I molecules (Urbanska et al, 1997). Under these conditions, MV was found to spread impressively more t ...
TISSUE STRUCTURE - Trinity College Dublin
TISSUE STRUCTURE - Trinity College Dublin

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Cancer immunotherapy



Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.
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