Streptococcus pneumoniae Responses Without Altered
... to chronic stress. CRH-tg mice exhibit increased anxiety, decreased exploration, learning impairment, and decreased reproductive behavior (26, 27). These behaviors exist in CRH-tg animals in the absence of exogenous stress and can be exacerbated further following exposure to stress (27). Previous st ...
... to chronic stress. CRH-tg mice exhibit increased anxiety, decreased exploration, learning impairment, and decreased reproductive behavior (26, 27). These behaviors exist in CRH-tg animals in the absence of exogenous stress and can be exacerbated further following exposure to stress (27). Previous st ...
the lymphatic system and immunity
... lower extremity/ lumbar region -- Lymph from the leg flows first to the popliteal lymph nodes located in the popliteal fossa of the posterior knee. All lymph from the lower extremity and lumbar region moves to the inguinal lymph nodes located along the inguinal ligament where the lower extremity joi ...
... lower extremity/ lumbar region -- Lymph from the leg flows first to the popliteal lymph nodes located in the popliteal fossa of the posterior knee. All lymph from the lower extremity and lumbar region moves to the inguinal lymph nodes located along the inguinal ligament where the lower extremity joi ...
Cutaneous Lymphoma at Injection Sites
... humans,21,27,31 epitheliotropism is rarely observed in cats. Nonepitheliotropic lymphomas are more frequent in cats27,54 and include indolent T-cell lymphoma, also referred to as cutaneous lymphocytosis;23,24 diffuse T-cell lymphoma; T-cellrich large B-cell lymphoma;15,27 and lymphoplasmacytic lymph ...
... humans,21,27,31 epitheliotropism is rarely observed in cats. Nonepitheliotropic lymphomas are more frequent in cats27,54 and include indolent T-cell lymphoma, also referred to as cutaneous lymphocytosis;23,24 diffuse T-cell lymphoma; T-cellrich large B-cell lymphoma;15,27 and lymphoplasmacytic lymph ...
Tolerogenic dendritic cell-based immunotherapy in Crohn’s disease Raquel Cabezón Cabello
... (AMPs) including α- and β-defensins, which exhibit a broad spectrum of bactericidal activity. It is known that, patients with Crohn’s disease have a reduced induction of β-defensins HBD2, HBD3 and HBD4 in inflamed colon [9]. Additionally, patients with ileal Crohn’s disease present decreased express ...
... (AMPs) including α- and β-defensins, which exhibit a broad spectrum of bactericidal activity. It is known that, patients with Crohn’s disease have a reduced induction of β-defensins HBD2, HBD3 and HBD4 in inflamed colon [9]. Additionally, patients with ileal Crohn’s disease present decreased express ...
Cross–reactivity of antibodies against microbial proteins to
... surface of a domestic dog with potential to be pathogenic in humans (15, 16). The strain of S. pseudintermedius was isolated from a dog with a skin ulcer (hot spot, moist dermatitis), and the isolate was confirmed by partial 16S rDNA and whole genomic sequencing by Illumina Miseq service (data not s ...
... surface of a domestic dog with potential to be pathogenic in humans (15, 16). The strain of S. pseudintermedius was isolated from a dog with a skin ulcer (hot spot, moist dermatitis), and the isolate was confirmed by partial 16S rDNA and whole genomic sequencing by Illumina Miseq service (data not s ...
IMMUNOBIOLOGY B cells in early and chronic HIV infection
... cells associated with most stages of HIV infection 8-13. Most of these studies, whether longitudinal or cross-sectional, have been conducted on chronically HIV-infected individuals, whereas only a few studies, generally with small sample sizes, have addressed the effect of duration of infection and ...
... cells associated with most stages of HIV infection 8-13. Most of these studies, whether longitudinal or cross-sectional, have been conducted on chronically HIV-infected individuals, whereas only a few studies, generally with small sample sizes, have addressed the effect of duration of infection and ...
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
... However, in the majority of cases, peptides and the peptide-like molecules have had limited success as they suffer from serious disadvantages like short half-life and poor bioavailability. To overcome these obstacles the ideal next generation vaccine could be nonpeptidyl mimic of the peptide B-cell ...
... However, in the majority of cases, peptides and the peptide-like molecules have had limited success as they suffer from serious disadvantages like short half-life and poor bioavailability. To overcome these obstacles the ideal next generation vaccine could be nonpeptidyl mimic of the peptide B-cell ...
Outer Membrane Vesicle of Bacteria: Friend or Foe?
... The composition of OMVs makes them significant activators of host innate and acquired immune response pathways. In addition to the potent immunomodulatory molecule LPS, vesicles contain OMPs and other important innate immune-activating ligands. Together, vesicle components could be act synergistical ...
... The composition of OMVs makes them significant activators of host innate and acquired immune response pathways. In addition to the potent immunomodulatory molecule LPS, vesicles contain OMPs and other important innate immune-activating ligands. Together, vesicle components could be act synergistical ...
030710 Medium- and Large
... function as the cellular link between the innate and adaptive immune systems. In normal arteries, S-100+ dendritic cells are immature and express the chemokine receptor CCR6. They specialize in antigen uptake and the sensing of cellular injury (Panel A). Dendritic cells in arteries with vasculitis a ...
... function as the cellular link between the innate and adaptive immune systems. In normal arteries, S-100+ dendritic cells are immature and express the chemokine receptor CCR6. They specialize in antigen uptake and the sensing of cellular injury (Panel A). Dendritic cells in arteries with vasculitis a ...
a PDF of this article
... nity. Although purified LPS is a strong adjuvant, its effects are abolished in the mutant mouse strains that Beutler worked with, suggesting that both the inflammatory and the adjuvant effects of LPS flow through TLR4. Finding that mice with mutations in Trif/Tram lack the adjuvant effect of LPS pro ...
... nity. Although purified LPS is a strong adjuvant, its effects are abolished in the mutant mouse strains that Beutler worked with, suggesting that both the inflammatory and the adjuvant effects of LPS flow through TLR4. Finding that mice with mutations in Trif/Tram lack the adjuvant effect of LPS pro ...
Naive B cells generate regulatory T cells in the
... B-cell– and DC-primed T cells, cocultures underwent immunomagnetic depletion of non-CD4⫹ cells after 72 hours. Naive T cells were CFSElabeled and cocultured with DCs as described in “Cell preparation.” Varying numbers of B-cell– (TofB) or DC (TofDC)–primed T cells were added to test their inhibitory ...
... B-cell– and DC-primed T cells, cocultures underwent immunomagnetic depletion of non-CD4⫹ cells after 72 hours. Naive T cells were CFSElabeled and cocultured with DCs as described in “Cell preparation.” Varying numbers of B-cell– (TofB) or DC (TofDC)–primed T cells were added to test their inhibitory ...
Heart Allograft Tolerance Regulatory Cells: Relevance to
... We hypothesize that developmental exposure to noninherited maternal Ags (NIMA) results in alloantigen-specific natural and adaptive T regulatory (TR) cells. We compared offspring exposed to maternal H-2d (NIMAd) with nonexposed controls. In vitro assays did not reveal any differences in T cell respo ...
... We hypothesize that developmental exposure to noninherited maternal Ags (NIMA) results in alloantigen-specific natural and adaptive T regulatory (TR) cells. We compared offspring exposed to maternal H-2d (NIMAd) with nonexposed controls. In vitro assays did not reveal any differences in T cell respo ...
29 - California State University, Stanislaus
... Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... Copyright © 2006 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Ablation of Proliferating Cells in the CNS
... Motor neuron disease in mutant SOD1-mediated ALS is a noncell autonomous process [1,18]. In this study, we have shown that the depletion of proliferating cells in the CNS of SOD1G93A mice, consisting mainly of NG2+ and Olig2+ cells as well as microglia and T-cells, caused a significant reduction in ...
... Motor neuron disease in mutant SOD1-mediated ALS is a noncell autonomous process [1,18]. In this study, we have shown that the depletion of proliferating cells in the CNS of SOD1G93A mice, consisting mainly of NG2+ and Olig2+ cells as well as microglia and T-cells, caused a significant reduction in ...
BIO INSPIRED COMPUTING In
... a genotype representing it. It is important to understand that the phenotype space can be very different from the genotype space, and that the whole evolutionary search takes place in the genotype space. A solution – a good phenotype – is obtained by decoding the best genotype after termination. To t ...
... a genotype representing it. It is important to understand that the phenotype space can be very different from the genotype space, and that the whole evolutionary search takes place in the genotype space. A solution – a good phenotype – is obtained by decoding the best genotype after termination. To t ...
pdf
... Nitrification is one of the important microbiological transformations of nitrogen in the ocean. Traditional enrichment-culture methods for enumerating the autotrophic bacteria which oxidize ammonium to nitrite are very time consuming (months) and are believed to seriously underestimate natural abund ...
... Nitrification is one of the important microbiological transformations of nitrogen in the ocean. Traditional enrichment-culture methods for enumerating the autotrophic bacteria which oxidize ammonium to nitrite are very time consuming (months) and are believed to seriously underestimate natural abund ...
Janeway's Immunology
... Adhesion molecules play an important role in supporting contact between leukocytes and inflammed tissue during migration and ...
... Adhesion molecules play an important role in supporting contact between leukocytes and inflammed tissue during migration and ...
Metabolic Diseases and Their Effect on Immune Function and
... However, all cows experienced the same degree of leukopenia (attributable to an absolute and relative neutropenia) during the 1st wk after calving, decreased serum conglutinin activity during the first 3 wk postpartum, and decreased concentration of serum IgG1 during the 3 wk before calving. All cow ...
... However, all cows experienced the same degree of leukopenia (attributable to an absolute and relative neutropenia) during the 1st wk after calving, decreased serum conglutinin activity during the first 3 wk postpartum, and decreased concentration of serum IgG1 during the 3 wk before calving. All cow ...
GENETIC CONTROL OF IMMUNE RESPONSIVENESS: A REVIEW
... entangled for complex antigens that knowledge of all aspects of the immune system, including t h e MHC, will be necessary to understand fully the genetic control of disease resistance. Genetic Control of Immune Response --Breed Differences and Heritabilities. Quantitative geneticists have traditiona ...
... entangled for complex antigens that knowledge of all aspects of the immune system, including t h e MHC, will be necessary to understand fully the genetic control of disease resistance. Genetic Control of Immune Response --Breed Differences and Heritabilities. Quantitative geneticists have traditiona ...
(GCF) level of interleukin-35 in chronic gingivitis patients
... experimental in ammatory bowel disease were treated with recombinant IL-35. In ammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis are chronic in ammatory diseases, as is gingivitis. They found that IL-35 signi cantly reduced the development of experimental bowel disease. This could indicate that IL-35 ...
... experimental in ammatory bowel disease were treated with recombinant IL-35. In ammatory bowel disease and rheumatoid arthritis are chronic in ammatory diseases, as is gingivitis. They found that IL-35 signi cantly reduced the development of experimental bowel disease. This could indicate that IL-35 ...
Human Immunodeficiency Virus and HIV Disease
... HIV is the abbreviation for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. There are two main forms of HIV retrovirus: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 was discovered by Luc Montagnier and his associates at the Institute Pasteur in Paris in 1983. HIV-2 was first identified among patients in Senegal in 1986, where it remains e ...
... HIV is the abbreviation for Human Immunodeficiency Virus. There are two main forms of HIV retrovirus: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 was discovered by Luc Montagnier and his associates at the Institute Pasteur in Paris in 1983. HIV-2 was first identified among patients in Senegal in 1986, where it remains e ...
Myeloid Suppressor Cells Induced by Retinal Pigment
... yeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were originally identified in patients and in mice with cancer.1–3 MDSCs potently suppress host T-cell responses to permit tumor survival. In mice, MDSCs are characterized as CD11b⫹Gr-1⫹ cells that are immunosuppressive.4 Because of their potent T-cell inhibit ...
... yeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) were originally identified in patients and in mice with cancer.1–3 MDSCs potently suppress host T-cell responses to permit tumor survival. In mice, MDSCs are characterized as CD11b⫹Gr-1⫹ cells that are immunosuppressive.4 Because of their potent T-cell inhibit ...
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.