TOLL-like receptors linking innate and adaptive immune response
... A key element in the initiation of an innate immune response against pathogens is the recognition of com- ...
... A key element in the initiation of an innate immune response against pathogens is the recognition of com- ...
lupus ppt for website
... What is Lupus? • An autoimmune disease • Your body can not adequately distinguish between foreign materials (antigens) and its own cells and tissues. • The immune system directs the development of antibodies that target bodily (antigens) components. • The auto-antibodies react with the bodies own a ...
... What is Lupus? • An autoimmune disease • Your body can not adequately distinguish between foreign materials (antigens) and its own cells and tissues. • The immune system directs the development of antibodies that target bodily (antigens) components. • The auto-antibodies react with the bodies own a ...
Stress and immunity in wild vertebrates: Timing is everything
... leaky membranes) that increase immune cell recruitment and amplify local clearance of the pathogen” (Sternberg, 2006). 4.1. Sympathetic nervous system effects on immunity Most stress induced changes in immune function are orchestrated either by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) (Sternberg, 2006) ...
... leaky membranes) that increase immune cell recruitment and amplify local clearance of the pathogen” (Sternberg, 2006). 4.1. Sympathetic nervous system effects on immunity Most stress induced changes in immune function are orchestrated either by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) (Sternberg, 2006) ...
Bacterial Agglutination
... Bacterial agglutination is a highly specific identification of microorganisms that can be obtained by serological techniques. In vitro, antigens and antibodies combine and produce reactions that are visibly measured. The chemical compositions of antigens differ; therefore, each antigen will react on ...
... Bacterial agglutination is a highly specific identification of microorganisms that can be obtained by serological techniques. In vitro, antigens and antibodies combine and produce reactions that are visibly measured. The chemical compositions of antigens differ; therefore, each antigen will react on ...
papillomaviruses and cancer: from basic studies to
... activity: E5, E6 and E7 (FIG. 2). E5 seems to be important in the early course of infection. It stimulates cell growth by forming a complex with the epidermalgrowth-factor receptor, the platelet-derived growthfactor-β receptor and the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor29. Recently, E5 has also bee ...
... activity: E5, E6 and E7 (FIG. 2). E5 seems to be important in the early course of infection. It stimulates cell growth by forming a complex with the epidermalgrowth-factor receptor, the platelet-derived growthfactor-β receptor and the colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor29. Recently, E5 has also bee ...
immediate and delayed hypersensitivity to gluten
... neurotransmitter release. Celiac disease is also characterized by systemic manifestations that contribute to a complex clinical presentation. Neurologic deficits, including axonal neuropathy and cerebellar ataxia, are among the most common extraintestinal symptoms associated with celiac disease whic ...
... neurotransmitter release. Celiac disease is also characterized by systemic manifestations that contribute to a complex clinical presentation. Neurologic deficits, including axonal neuropathy and cerebellar ataxia, are among the most common extraintestinal symptoms associated with celiac disease whic ...
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS)
... In the past, protective immunity to fungi has been known to be by Th-1 response driven by the 1L-12IFNY axis. Th-1 response is required for protective immunity, while Th-2 response impairs Th-1 protective responses and favours fungal growth [1, 2, 63]. Disseminated infections are associated with low ...
... In the past, protective immunity to fungi has been known to be by Th-1 response driven by the 1L-12IFNY axis. Th-1 response is required for protective immunity, while Th-2 response impairs Th-1 protective responses and favours fungal growth [1, 2, 63]. Disseminated infections are associated with low ...
Richness and diversity of mammalian fungal communities shape
... homeostasis between potential disease-causing organisms and resident microbial populations. Indeed, the immune system does not remain ignorant of commensal, passenger (transient), or opportunistic fungi, and sensing these different fungi through PRRs serve to ensure that both the symbiotic host–micr ...
... homeostasis between potential disease-causing organisms and resident microbial populations. Indeed, the immune system does not remain ignorant of commensal, passenger (transient), or opportunistic fungi, and sensing these different fungi through PRRs serve to ensure that both the symbiotic host–micr ...
Mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy in kidney transplantation
... The number of patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) increases each year. Kidney transplantation is an effective long-term means of treatment for ESRD, but is closely accompanied by a high risk of post-transplant rejection. With improvements in tissue type matching a ...
... The number of patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) increases each year. Kidney transplantation is an effective long-term means of treatment for ESRD, but is closely accompanied by a high risk of post-transplant rejection. With improvements in tissue type matching a ...
New Insights on the Pathogenesis of Invasive Cryptococcus neoformans
... survival time and decreases the brain and lung fungal burdens of mice infected with Cn. The effect is via the Th1 response, as the Th1 cytokines IL-12 and IFN-γ increase in bronchiolar lavage fluid, whereas IL-4 decreases. Also, the activity is dependent on CD4+ T cells [7]. Thus, cellmediated immun ...
... survival time and decreases the brain and lung fungal burdens of mice infected with Cn. The effect is via the Th1 response, as the Th1 cytokines IL-12 and IFN-γ increase in bronchiolar lavage fluid, whereas IL-4 decreases. Also, the activity is dependent on CD4+ T cells [7]. Thus, cellmediated immun ...
Orally administered Polypodium leucotomos extract decreases
... New developments in the area of phototherapy have made the phototoxicity and patient discomfort associated with PUVA less acceptable and attractive. When considering safety aspects it should be recognized that the long-term risks of PUVA are known because of careful prospective follow-up studies, wh ...
... New developments in the area of phototherapy have made the phototoxicity and patient discomfort associated with PUVA less acceptable and attractive. When considering safety aspects it should be recognized that the long-term risks of PUVA are known because of careful prospective follow-up studies, wh ...
"Autoimmune Disease". - University of St Andrews
... interaction of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule–peptide complexes and T-cell receptors (TCRs), and (2) an activating costimulatory signal which is also necessary for activation. Signalling through the TCR ...
... interaction of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule–peptide complexes and T-cell receptors (TCRs), and (2) an activating costimulatory signal which is also necessary for activation. Signalling through the TCR ...
Paraneoplastic Syndromes
... ○ modulate B cell proliferation and antibody production ○ inhibits antibody response to T cell dependent antigens ● Corticosteroids decrease lymphocyte differentiation and proliferation, inhibit macrophage function, and suppress interleukin production ● Intravenous immunoglobulin ● Rituximab: monocl ...
... ○ modulate B cell proliferation and antibody production ○ inhibits antibody response to T cell dependent antigens ● Corticosteroids decrease lymphocyte differentiation and proliferation, inhibit macrophage function, and suppress interleukin production ● Intravenous immunoglobulin ● Rituximab: monocl ...
Document
... • They have purple staining, U- or kidney-shaped nuclei • They leave the circulation, enter tissue, and differentiate into macrophages ...
... • They have purple staining, U- or kidney-shaped nuclei • They leave the circulation, enter tissue, and differentiate into macrophages ...
Case Report Chronic papulosquamous skin lesions in a 9-year
... be reached up to 93.1%.20 Disease free period was upto 58 and 38 months with BUVB and nUVB respectively. However, in this study, most patients being treated were of type I and II skin. Longer treatment duration and/or higher energy may be needed in darker skin type individuals. In conclusion, curren ...
... be reached up to 93.1%.20 Disease free period was upto 58 and 38 months with BUVB and nUVB respectively. However, in this study, most patients being treated were of type I and II skin. Longer treatment duration and/or higher energy may be needed in darker skin type individuals. In conclusion, curren ...
gastrointestinal (GI) tract
... patches have the anatomic appearance of secondary lymphoid organs, with clearly defined T- and B-cell–dependent areas. A single layer of epithelial cells separates the pps from the intestinal lumen. This epithelial cell layer contains specialized cells called M cells in addition to conventional ente ...
... patches have the anatomic appearance of secondary lymphoid organs, with clearly defined T- and B-cell–dependent areas. A single layer of epithelial cells separates the pps from the intestinal lumen. This epithelial cell layer contains specialized cells called M cells in addition to conventional ente ...
Thèse de doctorat
... Tumors grow within a complex microenvironment composed of immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and other non-malignant cells. The study of the composition of tumor microenvironments has led to classifications with prognostic and theranostic values, as well as the discovery of treatments modu ...
... Tumors grow within a complex microenvironment composed of immune cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells and other non-malignant cells. The study of the composition of tumor microenvironments has led to classifications with prognostic and theranostic values, as well as the discovery of treatments modu ...
Cancer immunotherapy
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.