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Microfluidic Isolation of Leukocytes from Whole Blood for Phenotype
... and to collect enriched leukocytes for phenotype and genomic analyses. Starting with blood from healthy subjects, we demonstrate the utility of this microfluidic cassette and lysis protocol to prepare unstimulated leukocytes, and leukocytes stimulated ex vivo with Staphylococcal enterotoxin B, which ...
... and to collect enriched leukocytes for phenotype and genomic analyses. Starting with blood from healthy subjects, we demonstrate the utility of this microfluidic cassette and lysis protocol to prepare unstimulated leukocytes, and leukocytes stimulated ex vivo with Staphylococcal enterotoxin B, which ...
Immune response of an invertebrate nervous system: A
... Invertebrates, because of their relative simplicity and accessibility, are very useful and broadly applicable models for the detailed analysis of multiparametric mechanisms underlying the physiology of tissues, organs and whole organisms. In many instances, studies in invertebrates have thrown light ...
... Invertebrates, because of their relative simplicity and accessibility, are very useful and broadly applicable models for the detailed analysis of multiparametric mechanisms underlying the physiology of tissues, organs and whole organisms. In many instances, studies in invertebrates have thrown light ...
NK cells in immunotolerant organs
... inflammation depends on the downregulation of CXCR4 and upregulation of CXCR3, which may be accomplished by the induction of IL-2, leading to the inhibition of the migration of NK and NKT cells to the bone marrow and spleen. In addition to chemokine receptors, G protein-coupled receptors and sphingo ...
... inflammation depends on the downregulation of CXCR4 and upregulation of CXCR3, which may be accomplished by the induction of IL-2, leading to the inhibition of the migration of NK and NKT cells to the bone marrow and spleen. In addition to chemokine receptors, G protein-coupled receptors and sphingo ...
Targeting of immune signalling networks by bacterial pathogens
... tropism for lymphatic tissues, the sites of initiation of adaptive immunity to pathogens. Therefore, acute pathogens with tropism for lymphoid organs, such as pathogenic Yersinia species, produce virulence factors that target signalling hubs of both innate and adaptive immune responses. The tyrosine ...
... tropism for lymphatic tissues, the sites of initiation of adaptive immunity to pathogens. Therefore, acute pathogens with tropism for lymphoid organs, such as pathogenic Yersinia species, produce virulence factors that target signalling hubs of both innate and adaptive immune responses. The tyrosine ...
CONNECTIVE TISSUE
... - fibrous tissue with fewer cells (cells are mostly fibroblasts) - collagen fibers are bundles, without definite orientation - found in dermis, prostate, mammary glands, outer capsule of many organs 2. dense regularly arranged connective tissue (DRACT) - made of many fibers that run in the same dire ...
... - fibrous tissue with fewer cells (cells are mostly fibroblasts) - collagen fibers are bundles, without definite orientation - found in dermis, prostate, mammary glands, outer capsule of many organs 2. dense regularly arranged connective tissue (DRACT) - made of many fibers that run in the same dire ...
Cell-Mediated Immunity to Bordetella pertussis: Role of Thl
... attenuated B. pertussis aroA mutant (42), the antibody levels in serum were low or undetectable at the time of challenge but increased rapidly thereafter. Although these results are consistent with a protective role for circulating antibody transfusing into the lung after immunization or as a result ...
... attenuated B. pertussis aroA mutant (42), the antibody levels in serum were low or undetectable at the time of challenge but increased rapidly thereafter. Although these results are consistent with a protective role for circulating antibody transfusing into the lung after immunization or as a result ...
Polarization of T Lymphocytes is Regulated by Mesenchymal Stem Cells in NZBWF1 and BALB/c Mice
... MSCs have shown to be poorly immunogenic and suppress allogeneic or autologous T cell response [22,33,34], which suggested MSCs might be used in therapeutic applications. In this paper, we have examined interactions between mice MSCs and T lymphocytes in order to understand better the mechanisms of ...
... MSCs have shown to be poorly immunogenic and suppress allogeneic or autologous T cell response [22,33,34], which suggested MSCs might be used in therapeutic applications. In this paper, we have examined interactions between mice MSCs and T lymphocytes in order to understand better the mechanisms of ...
Polarization of the Innate Immune Response by Prostaglandin E2: A
... directly but elicits prostaglandin production in the absence of lipoxygenase activation, a corollary to these findings is that acute release of AA and long-term production of COX-2 metabolites are under the control of different signaling pathways. Notably, PAMPs derived from the cellular wall of fun ...
... directly but elicits prostaglandin production in the absence of lipoxygenase activation, a corollary to these findings is that acute release of AA and long-term production of COX-2 metabolites are under the control of different signaling pathways. Notably, PAMPs derived from the cellular wall of fun ...
The potential protective immune responses to synthetic peptides
... mechanisms. Furthermore, antigen-activated helper T cells stimulate antibody production by B cells. Recently, a synthetic peptide vaccine has been demonstrated to elicit an effective protective immune response.lP2These synthetic peptides appear to have a similar structure to the B-cell and T-cell ep ...
... mechanisms. Furthermore, antigen-activated helper T cells stimulate antibody production by B cells. Recently, a synthetic peptide vaccine has been demonstrated to elicit an effective protective immune response.lP2These synthetic peptides appear to have a similar structure to the B-cell and T-cell ep ...
In Focus Autoantibodies in anti-neutrophil cytoplasm antibody
... to MPO or PR3 [9, 12], but should prospective studies also take account of other autoantibodies, such as those specific for moesin, LAMP-2 or plasminogen to better understand what clinical phenotypes these autoantibodies may impart? For the time being at least, these antibodies need to be validated i ...
... to MPO or PR3 [9, 12], but should prospective studies also take account of other autoantibodies, such as those specific for moesin, LAMP-2 or plasminogen to better understand what clinical phenotypes these autoantibodies may impart? For the time being at least, these antibodies need to be validated i ...
Poster
... What features of the class II MHC determine which peptides are readily accepted into the protein? ...
... What features of the class II MHC determine which peptides are readily accepted into the protein? ...
Antibody-independent B cell effector functions in
... proliferation and differentiation into IFNg producing cells [15,58]. However, the requirement for these cytokines in antigen specific B-T interactions is not known. It is also unknown how B cells operating as APCs impact particular CD4 þ T cell subsets, although it is clear that B cells possess all t ...
... proliferation and differentiation into IFNg producing cells [15,58]. However, the requirement for these cytokines in antigen specific B-T interactions is not known. It is also unknown how B cells operating as APCs impact particular CD4 þ T cell subsets, although it is clear that B cells possess all t ...
Stereotyped and specific gene expression programs in human innate immune responses to bacteria.
... roles in orchestrating both acquired and innate immune responses; signals transduced both by antigen receptors on lymphocytes and by Toll-like receptors on innate immune cells activate this system (18, 19). Interestingly, the genes encoding most NFB兾Rel proteins (i.e., NFB1, NFB2, relB, cRel, IB ...
... roles in orchestrating both acquired and innate immune responses; signals transduced both by antigen receptors on lymphocytes and by Toll-like receptors on innate immune cells activate this system (18, 19). Interestingly, the genes encoding most NFB兾Rel proteins (i.e., NFB1, NFB2, relB, cRel, IB ...
Infusion Reactions - Chemotherapy
... foreign cell surface, thus blocking important cell functions such as growth or cell death (apoptosis). Five different kinds of antibody exist (see Table 2). IgE is the antibody most often involved in allergic reactions. An allergic response is an unnecessary adaptive response to a benign substance; ...
... foreign cell surface, thus blocking important cell functions such as growth or cell death (apoptosis). Five different kinds of antibody exist (see Table 2). IgE is the antibody most often involved in allergic reactions. An allergic response is an unnecessary adaptive response to a benign substance; ...
Section 1 Nonspecific Defenses
... 2. Macrophages. White blood cells called macrophages (MA kroh fay jez), shown in Figure 2, ingest and kill pathogens they encounter. They also clear dead cells and other debris from the body. Most macrophages travel through the body in blood, lymph, and fluid between cells. Macrophages are concentra ...
... 2. Macrophages. White blood cells called macrophages (MA kroh fay jez), shown in Figure 2, ingest and kill pathogens they encounter. They also clear dead cells and other debris from the body. Most macrophages travel through the body in blood, lymph, and fluid between cells. Macrophages are concentra ...
Viral immune evasion: a masterpiece of evolution
... The expression of the HCMV US3 protein impairs maturation and intracellular transport of MHC class I heavy chains by the formation of a complex with β2m-associated class I heavy chains prior to peptide loading in the ER (Ahn et al. 1996a; Jones et al. 1996). Although this association does not preven ...
... The expression of the HCMV US3 protein impairs maturation and intracellular transport of MHC class I heavy chains by the formation of a complex with β2m-associated class I heavy chains prior to peptide loading in the ER (Ahn et al. 1996a; Jones et al. 1996). Although this association does not preven ...
Arachidonic acid mobilization by stimuli of the innate immune
... activating effect of LPS on macrophage cell lines has been extensively used as a model system for studies aiming at understanding cellular regulation of PLA2 and AA mobilization for eicosanoid biosynthesis. Well before the TLR4 receptor was identified, Balsinde et al.(11) demonstrated by the use of ...
... activating effect of LPS on macrophage cell lines has been extensively used as a model system for studies aiming at understanding cellular regulation of PLA2 and AA mobilization for eicosanoid biosynthesis. Well before the TLR4 receptor was identified, Balsinde et al.(11) demonstrated by the use of ...
Innate Immune Response to the Dimorphic Fungal Pathogen
... effect to that observed in non-stimulated macrophages [22,30]. These results may suggest that the fungicidal/fungistatic effect exerted by macrophages against Coccidioides depends on the fungal morphotype, indicating that arthroconidia and endospores are more susceptible to these mechanisms than ini ...
... effect to that observed in non-stimulated macrophages [22,30]. These results may suggest that the fungicidal/fungistatic effect exerted by macrophages against Coccidioides depends on the fungal morphotype, indicating that arthroconidia and endospores are more susceptible to these mechanisms than ini ...
Bloodless revolution
... cells contrasts with the concept of paracrine nutrition of lymphoid cells, but is consistent with reports that blood-borne mononuclear cells from Crohn’s disease patients contain more, not less, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. General defects in perinodal adipose tissue leading to impaired immune f ...
... cells contrasts with the concept of paracrine nutrition of lymphoid cells, but is consistent with reports that blood-borne mononuclear cells from Crohn’s disease patients contain more, not less, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. General defects in perinodal adipose tissue leading to impaired immune f ...
Cancer immunotherapy
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Peptide_bound_to_Rituximab_FAB.png?width=300)
Cancer immunotherapy (immuno-oncology) is the use of the immune system to treat cancer. Immunotherapies fall into three main groups: cellular, antibody and cytokine. They exploit the fact that cancer cells often have subtly different molecules on their surface that can be detected by the immune system. These molecules, known as cancer antigens, are most commonly proteins, but also include molecules such as carbohydrates. Immunotherapy is used to provoke the immune system into attacking the tumor cells by using these antigens as targets.Antibody therapies are the most successful immunotherapy, treating a wide range of cancers. Antibodies are proteins produced by the immune system that bind to a target antigen on the cell surface. In normal physiology the immune system uses them to fight pathogens. Each antibody is specific to one or a few proteins. Those that bind to cancer antigens are used to treat cancer. Cell surface receptors are common targets for antibody therapies and include the CD20, CD274, and CD279. Once bound to a cancer antigen, antibodies can induce antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, activate the complement system, or prevent a receptor from interacting with its ligand, all of which can lead to cell death. Multiple antibodies are approved to treat cancer, including Alemtuzumab, Ipilimumab, Nivolumab, Ofatumumab, and Rituximab.Cellular therapies, also known as cancer vaccines, usually involve the removal of immune cells from the blood or from a tumor. Immune cells specific for the tumor are activated, cultured and returned to the patient where the immune cells attack the cancer. Cell types that can be used in this way are natural killer cells, lymphokine-activated killer cells, cytotoxic T cells and dendritic cells. The only cell-based therapy approved in the US is Dendreon's Provenge, for the treatment of prostate cancer.Interleukin-2 and interferon-α are examples of cytokines, proteins that regulate and coordinate the behaviour of the immune system. They have the ability to enhance anti-tumor activity and thus can be used as cancer treatments. Interferon-α is used in the treatment of hairy-cell leukaemia, AIDS-related Kaposi's sarcoma, follicular lymphoma, chronic myeloid leukaemia and malignant melanoma. Interleukin-2 is used in the treatment of malignant melanoma and renal cell carcinoma.