The Body`s Defenses
... a pathogen it identifies it based on unique marker molecules that each type of pathogen has on its surface. These marker molecules are called Antigens. ...
... a pathogen it identifies it based on unique marker molecules that each type of pathogen has on its surface. These marker molecules are called Antigens. ...
B-LYMPHOCYTES
... •“NATURAL KILLER” cells destroy viruses. •Secrete “lymphokines” which attract phagocytic cells. •Secrete “perforin” which eats holes in the cells membrane or viral coat of invaders. •“Helper T cells”: •Induce macrophages to destroy other antigens •STIMULATE B-LYMPHOCYTES TO PRODUCE ANTIBODIES. (Can ...
... •“NATURAL KILLER” cells destroy viruses. •Secrete “lymphokines” which attract phagocytic cells. •Secrete “perforin” which eats holes in the cells membrane or viral coat of invaders. •“Helper T cells”: •Induce macrophages to destroy other antigens •STIMULATE B-LYMPHOCYTES TO PRODUCE ANTIBODIES. (Can ...
Lesson 13 Class Notes I. Pathogens A. Bad bacteria 1. Single
... a. T lymphocytes: T cells form in bone marrow but develop in thymus b. B lymphocytes: B cells form and develop in bone marrow and live in bloodstream or lymph nodes/spleen ...
... a. T lymphocytes: T cells form in bone marrow but develop in thymus b. B lymphocytes: B cells form and develop in bone marrow and live in bloodstream or lymph nodes/spleen ...
White Blood Cells
... • Lymph is a plasmalike liquid carried by lymphatic circulation • Formed when blood components move out of blood vessels into extracellular spaces • Made up of water, dissolved salts, 25% proteins • Transports white blood cells, fats, cellular debris & infectious agents ...
... • Lymph is a plasmalike liquid carried by lymphatic circulation • Formed when blood components move out of blood vessels into extracellular spaces • Made up of water, dissolved salts, 25% proteins • Transports white blood cells, fats, cellular debris & infectious agents ...
Cells of inflammation and Immunity
... Recognize antigen specifically Each clone has antigen specificity Arrange V, J and D elements if Ig and T cell receptor genes to form different clones B lymphocytes recognize native Ag T lymphocytes recognize processed Ag ...
... Recognize antigen specifically Each clone has antigen specificity Arrange V, J and D elements if Ig and T cell receptor genes to form different clones B lymphocytes recognize native Ag T lymphocytes recognize processed Ag ...
SARS and Lantigen B
... To whom it may concerns SWINE FLU and Lantigen B. It is a common notion in immunology that the best immune-response are raised against infectious agents. This is particularly true when bacteria are involved in the infection, because of their capacity to induce the activation and maturation of immatu ...
... To whom it may concerns SWINE FLU and Lantigen B. It is a common notion in immunology that the best immune-response are raised against infectious agents. This is particularly true when bacteria are involved in the infection, because of their capacity to induce the activation and maturation of immatu ...
Lecture exam #2 review guide: covered chapters 17, 22, 23
... APC (antigen presenting cells) - Dendritic cells and some macrophages. Type II MHC displays antigen to activate T cells. T-cells must be activated by APCs along with cytokines (safety) ▫ Plot out the “training” of a T-cell. Where does this occur? How must antigen be presented? What tests must a T-ce ...
... APC (antigen presenting cells) - Dendritic cells and some macrophages. Type II MHC displays antigen to activate T cells. T-cells must be activated by APCs along with cytokines (safety) ▫ Plot out the “training” of a T-cell. Where does this occur? How must antigen be presented? What tests must a T-ce ...
PowerPoint
... immune system – this allows for selective destruction of invading pathogens without destruction of host tissues – involves major histocompatibility complex ...
... immune system – this allows for selective destruction of invading pathogens without destruction of host tissues – involves major histocompatibility complex ...
Adaptive Immune System
... cytidine deaminase (AID) increases variableregion diversity on the antibody. ...
... cytidine deaminase (AID) increases variableregion diversity on the antibody. ...
Lines of Defense and Immunity
... B and T Cells have receptors that recognize (bind) antigens specific to individual pathogens ...
... B and T Cells have receptors that recognize (bind) antigens specific to individual pathogens ...
Lec
... immune system. Once activated, they circulate through the body, recruiting other cells to fight the invaders. For example, helper T cells interact directly with B cells (that have already attached to antigens), prodding them into more rapid division (clone production) and then signaling for antibody ...
... immune system. Once activated, they circulate through the body, recruiting other cells to fight the invaders. For example, helper T cells interact directly with B cells (that have already attached to antigens), prodding them into more rapid division (clone production) and then signaling for antibody ...
Pejman Soroosh
... the mechanism by which co-stimulatory molecules on T cells contribute to dysregulation of airway tolerance and development of asthma. In 2010 he joined the Immunology Department at Janssen R&D where he was involved in the drug discovery efforts as a project leader and responsible for direct scientif ...
... the mechanism by which co-stimulatory molecules on T cells contribute to dysregulation of airway tolerance and development of asthma. In 2010 he joined the Immunology Department at Janssen R&D where he was involved in the drug discovery efforts as a project leader and responsible for direct scientif ...
Immunity - Seattle Central College
... • Types of Adaptive Immunity – Antibody-mediated • B cells; produce cells that make antibodies ...
... • Types of Adaptive Immunity – Antibody-mediated • B cells; produce cells that make antibodies ...
Name:
... induced to secrete cytokines following the highly specific binding between the T cell receptor (TCR) and the MHC/antigen peptide complex. Which of the following is FALSE regarding MHC-specific T cell activation. A. The TCR of CD4+ cells interacts with MHC Class II molecules and a peptide antigen. B. ...
... induced to secrete cytokines following the highly specific binding between the T cell receptor (TCR) and the MHC/antigen peptide complex. Which of the following is FALSE regarding MHC-specific T cell activation. A. The TCR of CD4+ cells interacts with MHC Class II molecules and a peptide antigen. B. ...
Stress and the Immune Response
... Increased epinephrine levels cause lymphocyte migration to the skin from the bone marrow ...
... Increased epinephrine levels cause lymphocyte migration to the skin from the bone marrow ...
Prentice Hall Biology - Valhalla High School
... – Pathogens that trigger this response are called antigens • These may be viruses, bacteria or other pathogens such as fungi, parasites, etc. •The immune response attacks the particular disease-causing agent with a response especially for that pathogen •There are two types of wbc’s that recognize sp ...
... – Pathogens that trigger this response are called antigens • These may be viruses, bacteria or other pathogens such as fungi, parasites, etc. •The immune response attacks the particular disease-causing agent with a response especially for that pathogen •There are two types of wbc’s that recognize sp ...
Aspirations Diploma Plus High School
... 1. Some human white blood cells help destroy pathogenic bacteria by (1) causing mutations in the bacteria (3) producing toxins that compete with bacterial toxins (2) engulfing and digesting the bacteria (4) inserting part of their DNA into the bacterial cells 2. Certain microbes can cause immune res ...
... 1. Some human white blood cells help destroy pathogenic bacteria by (1) causing mutations in the bacteria (3) producing toxins that compete with bacterial toxins (2) engulfing and digesting the bacteria (4) inserting part of their DNA into the bacterial cells 2. Certain microbes can cause immune res ...
Immune System Lyrics (Parts 1 and 2)
... Both Bs and Ts can recognize specific pathogens Through receptors on their membranes that bind with antigens A B-cell receptor’s made of four polypeptide chains, With forms a kind of Y the stem is stuck into the membrane Two of the chains are heavy, two of the chains are light The two tips of the Y ...
... Both Bs and Ts can recognize specific pathogens Through receptors on their membranes that bind with antigens A B-cell receptor’s made of four polypeptide chains, With forms a kind of Y the stem is stuck into the membrane Two of the chains are heavy, two of the chains are light The two tips of the Y ...
IMMUNE SYSTEM
... STIMULATE B CELLS ALSO HAVE SPECIFIC RECEPTORS Must be presented with the antigen by an antigen presenting cell (APC) CLONAL SELECTION PRODUCES KILLER T CELLS AND MEMORY T ...
... STIMULATE B CELLS ALSO HAVE SPECIFIC RECEPTORS Must be presented with the antigen by an antigen presenting cell (APC) CLONAL SELECTION PRODUCES KILLER T CELLS AND MEMORY T ...
Immunity
... Reinfection – do not get sick; have immunity - fight off future infections e.g., B-Cell produce antibodies when activated ...
... Reinfection – do not get sick; have immunity - fight off future infections e.g., B-Cell produce antibodies when activated ...
Defenses Against Infection NoteTaking Guide
... 11. How do T cells respond to recognized, foreign antigens, and what is this response called? ...
... 11. How do T cells respond to recognized, foreign antigens, and what is this response called? ...
Lecture 7 Host Defense Against Infection
... Integrity of of mucosal epithelium Peristaltic motions of the gut propel contents downward Secretory antibody and phagocytic cells ...
... Integrity of of mucosal epithelium Peristaltic motions of the gut propel contents downward Secretory antibody and phagocytic cells ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.