• Study Resource
  • Explore Categories
    • Arts & Humanities
    • Business
    • Engineering & Technology
    • Foreign Language
    • History
    • Math
    • Science
    • Social Science

    Top subcategories

    • Advanced Math
    • Algebra
    • Basic Math
    • Calculus
    • Geometry
    • Linear Algebra
    • Pre-Algebra
    • Pre-Calculus
    • Statistics And Probability
    • Trigonometry
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Astronomy
    • Astrophysics
    • Biology
    • Chemistry
    • Earth Science
    • Environmental Science
    • Health Science
    • Physics
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Anthropology
    • Law
    • Political Science
    • Psychology
    • Sociology
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Accounting
    • Economics
    • Finance
    • Management
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Aerospace Engineering
    • Bioengineering
    • Chemical Engineering
    • Civil Engineering
    • Computer Science
    • Electrical Engineering
    • Industrial Engineering
    • Mechanical Engineering
    • Web Design
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Architecture
    • Communications
    • English
    • Gender Studies
    • Music
    • Performing Arts
    • Philosophy
    • Religious Studies
    • Writing
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Ancient History
    • European History
    • US History
    • World History
    • other →

    Top subcategories

    • Croatian
    • Czech
    • Finnish
    • Greek
    • Hindi
    • Japanese
    • Korean
    • Persian
    • Swedish
    • Turkish
    • other →
 
Profile Documents Logout
Upload
What could have caused this?
What could have caused this?

... B cells have specific receptors that bind with specific antigens on pathogens. Once bound, B cells are activated and become antibody producing factories ...
immune system 2010
immune system 2010

... 3. Afterwards, some B cells remain as memory cells. 4. If the antigen is presented to them again, they produce plasma cells. 5. The plasma cells produce antibodies very quickly. ...
CAR T cell lecture 11.25
CAR T cell lecture 11.25

... • Best of both worlds of the immune system • B cell specificity • T cell cytotoxicity without presentation • Form of Adoptive T cell therapy ...
Chapter 27: Communicable Diseases
Chapter 27: Communicable Diseases

... b. Immune System is an army of individual cells, tissues and organs that work together to fight against pathogens. E. Three Types Of Cells In The Immune System (handout) 1. Macrophages: These cells eat microorganisms or viruses that have entered. 2. T Cells: Help coordinate the immune system, helpin ...
Lecture #24 - Suraj @ LUMS
Lecture #24 - Suraj @ LUMS

... bacteria that do manage to get through the surface barriers. • Interferons are proteins that are produced by cells infected by viruses. In general, they directly help to make uninfected cells more resistant to viral attack and also stimulate the immune system to respond to the viruses. • Complement ...
L18: Immune System, Part 1
L18: Immune System, Part 1

... Inflammatory (histamine) response ...
Topic 19 - Roslyn Public Schools
Topic 19 - Roslyn Public Schools

... • (a) B-cell – produce antibodies that destroy invading microbes or pathogens (including viruses, bacteria, and parasite) – each pathogen triggers a different response – there are millions of different pathogens so there are millions of different B-cells in the blood • (b) T-cells – there are two ty ...
BSC 361
BSC 361

... Cytokine-soluble molecule that helps regulate immune functions. TNF, IL-I, IL-6, IL-10 etc. Inflammation-host immune response that is includes increased localized temperature, increased permeability of the capillaries, increased blood flow. Leukocyte-any "white blood cell" Lymphocytes-T-cells and B ...
File - Mr. Shanks` Class
File - Mr. Shanks` Class

... iii] ...
Chapter 24: The Immune System
Chapter 24: The Immune System

... production of additional antibodies (usually IgM) Other Ab functions: bind to pathogens and target them for destruction (via several different mechanisms!) ...
11.1 Immunity Notes - Twanow
11.1 Immunity Notes - Twanow

... • Lymph nodes swell when the body is fighting disease, as the white blood cells in lymph nodes multiply to catch diseasecausing invaders (pathogens) ...
Thesis Abstract Drug hypersensitivity reactions represent a major
Thesis Abstract Drug hypersensitivity reactions represent a major

... Drug hypersensitivity reactions represent a major problem in clinical practice. Their clinical characteristics are very heterogeneous as drugs can elicit all types of immune reactions. The antigenicity of drugs relies on the fact that small molecules can bind covalently to carrier proteins, which be ...
Immune System Summmary
Immune System Summmary

... to mature. There are millions of different kinds of T-cells residing in the lymphatic tissue, each with the ability to recognize and bind to a specific foreign antigen. How do all these different kinds of T-cells develop? It's coded into your genes. You are born with T-cells that will recognize dise ...
Chapter 3 Antigens
Chapter 3 Antigens

What is the immune system?
What is the immune system?

... - Most infections never make it past the first and second levels of defense - Those that do trigger the production and release of antibodies - Proteins that latch onto, damage, clump, and slow foreign particles - Each antibody binds only to one specific binding site, known as an antigen ...
2006 – San Diego, CA
2006 – San Diego, CA

... Norb Kaminski – Second Messengers: Their Role in Immunotoxicity - Introduction J. Putney – Introduction to Signal Transduction J. Ledbetter and G. Schieven – Redox Regulation of Lymphocyte Activation Mike Holsapple – Role of Calcium in 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)-Induced Suppression o ...
Typical violations of immunobiological supervision 1. The main
Typical violations of immunobiological supervision 1. The main

... 21. Di Giorgi syndrome characterized by the following features: + a) congenital pathology; b) the genetic nature of the disease; + c) hypoplasia of the thymus; + d) hypocalcemia; e) hypercalcemia. 22. Reduction of efficiency of phagocytosis is observed in the conditions of: + a) leukopenia; b) activ ...
Document
Document

... • Autoimmune diseases are failures of the immune system. – White blood cells cannot recognize healthy cells. – White blood cells attack healthy body cells. – Tissues fail because of attack. ...
31.5 Overreactions of the Immune System KEY CONCEPT unhealthy.
31.5 Overreactions of the Immune System KEY CONCEPT unhealthy.

... In autoimmune diseases, white blood cells attack the body’s healthy cells. • Autoimmune diseases are failures of the immune system. – White blood cells cannot recognize healthy cells. – White blood cells attack healthy body cells. – Tissues fail because of attack. ...
test ch 12 body defenses
test ch 12 body defenses

... 8. The type of immunity mechanisms that provides a general defense by acting against anything not recognized as “ not self” is called _________________ immunity. 9. T cell mechanisms are classified as_____________ immunity. 10. Macromolecules that induce the immune system to make certain responses a ...
Document
Document

... and some of there offspring become memory cells. O Immunological memory can be in the form of either passive short-term memory or active long-term memory. O Passive memory have several layers of protection provided by the mother. O During pregnancy the antibody IgG is transported from mother to baby ...
Immune system and allergies
Immune system and allergies

... Immune system and allergies Things you are allergic to (dust, pollen, insect saliva, certain foods) cause your body to release histamine. Histamine binds (like a puzzle piece) on to cells in the nose and throat. ...
Study reveals that adrenergic nerves control immune cells` daily
Study reveals that adrenergic nerves control immune cells` daily

... lymph nodes at the time of day when they are most More information: Suzuki, K., et al. 2016. J. Exp. likely to encounter foreign antigens. The study, Med. DOI: 10.1084/jem.20160723 "Adrenergic control of the adaptive immune response by diurnal lymphocyte recirculation through lymph nodes," will be p ...
File
File

... Cytokine ...
Immune System Practice Questions
Immune System Practice Questions

... the child's eyes turned red, itched, and began to water. Then, the child began to have trouble 14. An organ, such as a kidney, used for transplant needs breathing. It is most likely that the child reacted this to be tested for compatibility with the person who is way because to receive the organ. If ...
< 1 ... 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 ... 422 >

Adaptive immune system



The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.
  • studyres.com © 2025
  • DMCA
  • Privacy
  • Terms
  • Report