Immunity and Microbes
... B Cell recognizes (binds to) antigen. B Cell processes antigen and displays it on MHC class II Meanwhile, a macrophage activates a T Cell which clones itself T Cell activates B Cell by binding with the MHC displayed on B Cell surface T Cell activates B Cell Some B Cells become plasma cells and secre ...
... B Cell recognizes (binds to) antigen. B Cell processes antigen and displays it on MHC class II Meanwhile, a macrophage activates a T Cell which clones itself T Cell activates B Cell by binding with the MHC displayed on B Cell surface T Cell activates B Cell Some B Cells become plasma cells and secre ...
Immune System
... If a pathogen is able to get past the NSD of the Immune System (IS), then the IS reacts by launching an attack on the specific pathogen in specific defense (SD) ...
... If a pathogen is able to get past the NSD of the Immune System (IS), then the IS reacts by launching an attack on the specific pathogen in specific defense (SD) ...
18 Immune system part 1 - Nicole
... Most infections never make it past the first and second levels of defense Those that do trigger the production and release of antibodies - Proteins that latch onto, damage, clump, and slow foreign particles - Each antibody binds only to one specific binding site, known as an antigen ...
... Most infections never make it past the first and second levels of defense Those that do trigger the production and release of antibodies - Proteins that latch onto, damage, clump, and slow foreign particles - Each antibody binds only to one specific binding site, known as an antigen ...
Immune System - Dr. Annette M. Parrott
... 2. In the cell-mediated response, cytotoxic T cells, a type of lymphocytic white blood cell, “target” intracellular pathogens when antigens are displayed on the outside of the cells. 3. In the humoral response, B cells, a type of lymphocytic white blood cell, produce antibodies against specific anti ...
... 2. In the cell-mediated response, cytotoxic T cells, a type of lymphocytic white blood cell, “target” intracellular pathogens when antigens are displayed on the outside of the cells. 3. In the humoral response, B cells, a type of lymphocytic white blood cell, produce antibodies against specific anti ...
Teacher Immunology Project
... to the immune system for evaluation Appropriate Helper T cell binds with the APC's MHCII/Antigen This activates a Helper T cell which then finds a B-cell expressing the same surface protein. When the activated Helper T cell binds to the B cell it releases Interleukin II (IL-II) which activates B cel ...
... to the immune system for evaluation Appropriate Helper T cell binds with the APC's MHCII/Antigen This activates a Helper T cell which then finds a B-cell expressing the same surface protein. When the activated Helper T cell binds to the B cell it releases Interleukin II (IL-II) which activates B cel ...
Stochastic Stage-structured Modeling of the Adaptive
... When naïve cells are stimulated by pathogens, they become effector cells. Effector cells proliferate and eliminate infected cells. Some effector cells become memory cells, which will respond more quickly than naïve cells. ...
... When naïve cells are stimulated by pathogens, they become effector cells. Effector cells proliferate and eliminate infected cells. Some effector cells become memory cells, which will respond more quickly than naïve cells. ...
2nd seminar - Innate immunity, inflammation 2015
... Symbiotic, non-pathogenic microbes, living in „peaceful” commensalisms Beneficial features: • Digesting non absorbable food compounds e.g. cellulose • Producing vitamines, antimicrobial molecules, regulating pH • Compete with pathogenic microbes – survival of the fittest • Providing constant low-dos ...
... Symbiotic, non-pathogenic microbes, living in „peaceful” commensalisms Beneficial features: • Digesting non absorbable food compounds e.g. cellulose • Producing vitamines, antimicrobial molecules, regulating pH • Compete with pathogenic microbes – survival of the fittest • Providing constant low-dos ...
Dendreon: Pipeline Largely Based on Active Cellular Immunotherapy
... Dendreon’s pipeline is largely based on a core technology that enables activation of a patient’s immune system to attack cancer cells (“active cellular immunotherapy” or cancer vaccine). A key proprietary component is an antigen delivery cassette technology that results in a fusion protein of the ca ...
... Dendreon’s pipeline is largely based on a core technology that enables activation of a patient’s immune system to attack cancer cells (“active cellular immunotherapy” or cancer vaccine). A key proprietary component is an antigen delivery cassette technology that results in a fusion protein of the ca ...
Immunology Introductory course Series of lectures outlining
... • Lymphocytes - majority short lived - some live for years - constantly circulate ...
... • Lymphocytes - majority short lived - some live for years - constantly circulate ...
Immune-system-powerpoint
... • InTerferons – chemicals secreted by virus-infected cells that stimulate neighboring cells to produce defensive proteins • Complement – group of proteins that attract phagocytes to foreign cells and cause cell lysis • Histamines are secreted by basophils and lead to the INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE (redne ...
... • InTerferons – chemicals secreted by virus-infected cells that stimulate neighboring cells to produce defensive proteins • Complement – group of proteins that attract phagocytes to foreign cells and cause cell lysis • Histamines are secreted by basophils and lead to the INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE (redne ...
DOC - ADAM Interactive Anatomy
... When tissues are injured, macrophages release chemical mediators, called inflammatory mediators. These chemical mediators cause two key effects: • __________________, which causes redness and heat • ______________________, which causes swelling and, thus, pain ...
... When tissues are injured, macrophages release chemical mediators, called inflammatory mediators. These chemical mediators cause two key effects: • __________________, which causes redness and heat • ______________________, which causes swelling and, thus, pain ...
Hepatitis B Virus induces innate immune response UPOn COntact
... We found that HBV induced proinflammatory cytokines like IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα in KC, LSEC and monocyte derived macrophages within a few hours post inoculation, but not in PHH or murine macrophages. The same held true for adenoassociated virus (AAV) particles used as a control. The viruses activated N ...
... We found that HBV induced proinflammatory cytokines like IL-6, IL-8 and TNFα in KC, LSEC and monocyte derived macrophages within a few hours post inoculation, but not in PHH or murine macrophages. The same held true for adenoassociated virus (AAV) particles used as a control. The viruses activated N ...
Schneider1
... • Cells purified based upon size and adhesive properties • Plastic bead used as surrogate egg • Monoclonal antibodies raised against different cell types • Factors affecting cell behavior purified ...
... • Cells purified based upon size and adhesive properties • Plastic bead used as surrogate egg • Monoclonal antibodies raised against different cell types • Factors affecting cell behavior purified ...
Human Defence System
... Name two types of lymphocyte and state a role of each when viruses or other micro-organisms enter the blood. “Immunity that results from vaccination is effectively the same as the immunity that develops following an infection". Do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. ...
... Name two types of lymphocyte and state a role of each when viruses or other micro-organisms enter the blood. “Immunity that results from vaccination is effectively the same as the immunity that develops following an infection". Do you agree with this statement? Explain your answer. ...
Immunity
... Phagocytes and Granulocytes Phagocytes are large white cells that can engulf and digest foreign invaders. They include monocytes, which circulate in the blood, and macrophages, which are found in tissues throughout the body, as well as neutrophils, cells that circulate in the blood but move into tis ...
... Phagocytes and Granulocytes Phagocytes are large white cells that can engulf and digest foreign invaders. They include monocytes, which circulate in the blood, and macrophages, which are found in tissues throughout the body, as well as neutrophils, cells that circulate in the blood but move into tis ...
B cell
... Antibodies are immune system related proteins called immunoglobulins. Each antibody consists of four polypeptides–Two heavy chains and two light chains joined to form a "Y" shaped molecule. ...
... Antibodies are immune system related proteins called immunoglobulins. Each antibody consists of four polypeptides–Two heavy chains and two light chains joined to form a "Y" shaped molecule. ...
Document
... 35. The germinal centers found in the cortical region of lymph nodes and the peripheral region of splenic periarteriolar lymphatic tissue A. support the development of immature B and T cells. B. function in the removal of damaged erythrocytes from the circulation. C. act as the major source of stem ...
... 35. The germinal centers found in the cortical region of lymph nodes and the peripheral region of splenic periarteriolar lymphatic tissue A. support the development of immature B and T cells. B. function in the removal of damaged erythrocytes from the circulation. C. act as the major source of stem ...
The Immune System Body Defenses Innate Defenses Surface
... complement - lyses microorganisms, enhances phagocytosis, intensifies inflammatory and immune ...
... complement - lyses microorganisms, enhances phagocytosis, intensifies inflammatory and immune ...
Immunity - Yengage
... It develops when an antigen from the invading micro organism is exposed to the T-lymphocytes. The exposure or presentation of antigen to the lymphocytes is done by-Macrophages B lymphocytes and Dendritic cells The antigenic products activate the helper T cells and Blymphocytes The macrophages also s ...
... It develops when an antigen from the invading micro organism is exposed to the T-lymphocytes. The exposure or presentation of antigen to the lymphocytes is done by-Macrophages B lymphocytes and Dendritic cells The antigenic products activate the helper T cells and Blymphocytes The macrophages also s ...
NUTRITION, INFECTION & THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
... The gut is the major site of contact in the body for foreign antigens Gastrointestinal diseases kill more than 2 million people every year Non-specific (innate) immunity Specific immunity ...
... The gut is the major site of contact in the body for foreign antigens Gastrointestinal diseases kill more than 2 million people every year Non-specific (innate) immunity Specific immunity ...
Slide 1
... IgM - makes up 10% of our total antibodies. This is the predominant early antibody; the one that first activates in an initial attack of antigen. Because of its high number of antigen binding sites (5), it is an effective agglutinator of antigen . This is important in the initial activation of B-cel ...
... IgM - makes up 10% of our total antibodies. This is the predominant early antibody; the one that first activates in an initial attack of antigen. Because of its high number of antigen binding sites (5), it is an effective agglutinator of antigen . This is important in the initial activation of B-cel ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.