Immunity and the Immune System
... and places them in the membrane. This allows the immune system to recognize that the cell is (a) self and (b) normal, not infected, malignant or damaged. ...
... and places them in the membrane. This allows the immune system to recognize that the cell is (a) self and (b) normal, not infected, malignant or damaged. ...
Immunology 1
... response. Lymphocytes are agranular leukocytes. They exist as B or T lymphocytes. B lymphocytes have specific antigen binding receptor which is actually a sort of antibody embedded within the cell membrane. They can recognise whole antigens. T lymphocytes do NOT however, recognize whole antigens, on ...
... response. Lymphocytes are agranular leukocytes. They exist as B or T lymphocytes. B lymphocytes have specific antigen binding receptor which is actually a sort of antibody embedded within the cell membrane. They can recognise whole antigens. T lymphocytes do NOT however, recognize whole antigens, on ...
Drugs to Treat Autoimmune Diseases
... similarities with host antigen and when an antibody is produced, it can bind to host antigen • Idiotype Cross Reaction- A cross reaction between the idiotype (molecule recognized by antigen) on an antiviral antibody and a host cell receptor for the virus in question • Cytokine Dysregulation- Certain ...
... similarities with host antigen and when an antibody is produced, it can bind to host antigen • Idiotype Cross Reaction- A cross reaction between the idiotype (molecule recognized by antigen) on an antiviral antibody and a host cell receptor for the virus in question • Cytokine Dysregulation- Certain ...
Antigen recognition in innate and adaptive immunity
... Small number of similar receptor molecules (Ig, TcR and MHC) but the genes have been duplicated and segmented to allow recombination. Produces vast repertoire of “binding molecules”. • TcR is unique because it has to bind MHC. ...
... Small number of similar receptor molecules (Ig, TcR and MHC) but the genes have been duplicated and segmented to allow recombination. Produces vast repertoire of “binding molecules”. • TcR is unique because it has to bind MHC. ...
投影片 1
... – LPS for Toll-like receptor – dsRNA/ DNA for interferons induction • Complement proteins • Phagocytes (cells) (e.g., macrophages) • Natural killer (NK) cells ...
... – LPS for Toll-like receptor – dsRNA/ DNA for interferons induction • Complement proteins • Phagocytes (cells) (e.g., macrophages) • Natural killer (NK) cells ...
The host defense system
... – General overview – Innate immune system • pathogen recognition • inflammatory response ...
... – General overview – Innate immune system • pathogen recognition • inflammatory response ...
Introduction and Innate Immunity
... Adaptive immune response (late: > 96 hours) Is initiated if innate immune response is not adequate ...
... Adaptive immune response (late: > 96 hours) Is initiated if innate immune response is not adequate ...
Immune System
... thymus, spleen and tonsils are lymphatic organs Fig. 13.2 thymus produces hormone which stimulates lymphocyte maturation spleen contains excess blood and destroys worn out red blood cells phagocytes and lymphocytes are found in lymph fluid, nodes and organs SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE 1. Immuno ...
... thymus, spleen and tonsils are lymphatic organs Fig. 13.2 thymus produces hormone which stimulates lymphocyte maturation spleen contains excess blood and destroys worn out red blood cells phagocytes and lymphocytes are found in lymph fluid, nodes and organs SPECIFIC IMMUNE RESPONSE 1. Immuno ...
The_Specific_Immune_Response
... Your lymphocytes with the complementary antibody may come into contact with this antigen in one of three ways: - By encountering the pathogen itself - By your macrophages engulfing the pathogen, then presenting the antigen on their surface - By the pathogen infecting your body cells, and your body c ...
... Your lymphocytes with the complementary antibody may come into contact with this antigen in one of three ways: - By encountering the pathogen itself - By your macrophages engulfing the pathogen, then presenting the antigen on their surface - By the pathogen infecting your body cells, and your body c ...
Lecture 9: T-cell Mediated Immunity
... Antigen Presentation Occurs in Tissues Wherein Naive Lymphocytes Interact With APC Naïve T and B lymphocytes localize to lymph nodes or ...
... Antigen Presentation Occurs in Tissues Wherein Naive Lymphocytes Interact With APC Naïve T and B lymphocytes localize to lymph nodes or ...
Innate Immunity Chapter Study Questions
... Describe PRRs and PAMPs. How do they differ from antibodies and TCRs in the adaptive immune response? Describe the effector mechanisms, or host response, to activation by these innate-immune sensors-IISs (Fig. 3-4). What are IISs receptors located on macrophages and how do they act? When do innate r ...
... Describe PRRs and PAMPs. How do they differ from antibodies and TCRs in the adaptive immune response? Describe the effector mechanisms, or host response, to activation by these innate-immune sensors-IISs (Fig. 3-4). What are IISs receptors located on macrophages and how do they act? When do innate r ...
The Immune System
... • B cells produce antibodies that circulate in the blood and lymph streams and attach to foreign antigens to mark them for destruction by other immune cells. • B cells are part of what is known as antibody-mediated or humoral immunity ...
... • B cells produce antibodies that circulate in the blood and lymph streams and attach to foreign antigens to mark them for destruction by other immune cells. • B cells are part of what is known as antibody-mediated or humoral immunity ...
File - Biology with Radjewski
... When low blood-pressure causes (un-stretched) sensory neurons to provide feedback information that blood pressure has decreased, reflexes are activated to restore optimal blood pressure. The action required to return blood pressure to “normal” in this example include the activation of thirst, stimul ...
... When low blood-pressure causes (un-stretched) sensory neurons to provide feedback information that blood pressure has decreased, reflexes are activated to restore optimal blood pressure. The action required to return blood pressure to “normal” in this example include the activation of thirst, stimul ...
word - marric.us
... 8. Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infects endothelial cells and B cells. About half of us are infected by the virus while very young, and do not suffer disease. Around half of individuals who avoid the virus while young are infected in the teenage years and develop a disease called mononucleosis. In this ...
... 8. Epstein Barr virus (EBV) infects endothelial cells and B cells. About half of us are infected by the virus while very young, and do not suffer disease. Around half of individuals who avoid the virus while young are infected in the teenage years and develop a disease called mononucleosis. In this ...
Chapter 40-2
... that breaks down the cell walls of bacteria Oil & sweat glands produce an acidic environment on the skin that kills many bacteria Mucus in mouth & nose help trap pathogens Stomach acids & digestive enzymes destroy many pathogens that get in your stomach ...
... that breaks down the cell walls of bacteria Oil & sweat glands produce an acidic environment on the skin that kills many bacteria Mucus in mouth & nose help trap pathogens Stomach acids & digestive enzymes destroy many pathogens that get in your stomach ...
Chapter 12 Outline - Navarro College Shortcuts
... One of the least recognized of the body systems, the lymphatic system has been gaining ground in recognition and understanding over the past two decades, largely due to research into AIDS, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. Its importance in fighting disease and maintaining healthy homeostatic balanc ...
... One of the least recognized of the body systems, the lymphatic system has been gaining ground in recognition and understanding over the past two decades, largely due to research into AIDS, cancer, and autoimmune disorders. Its importance in fighting disease and maintaining healthy homeostatic balanc ...
The One and Only… The Famous… IMMUNE SYSTEM!!!!
... • CD8 (cytotoxic) positive t-killer cells – destroy target by binding to antigen and releasing damaging enzymes (destroy target and cause inflammatory response) • CD4 (helper) positive t-cell – facilitates immune response, regulate all the cells in the immune system (b cells, t cells, macrophages, ...
... • CD8 (cytotoxic) positive t-killer cells – destroy target by binding to antigen and releasing damaging enzymes (destroy target and cause inflammatory response) • CD4 (helper) positive t-cell – facilitates immune response, regulate all the cells in the immune system (b cells, t cells, macrophages, ...
DEFENSE - Immune 15-16
... the invader and protect us the next time it enters the body. This process is called immunity. 3. The reaction to a second infection by the same pathogen is much faster. ...
... the invader and protect us the next time it enters the body. This process is called immunity. 3. The reaction to a second infection by the same pathogen is much faster. ...
the body`s defenses
... The cells of the immune system can distinguish between different kinds of pathogens. The immune system cells react to each kind of pathogen with a defense targeted to that pathogen ...
... The cells of the immune system can distinguish between different kinds of pathogens. The immune system cells react to each kind of pathogen with a defense targeted to that pathogen ...
PowerPoint Presentation - I. Introduction to class
... the cell-surface membrane, so that the cell becomes freely permeable to substances and dies as a result. Most effective against viruses. As viruses need living cells to reproduce, this stops them ...
... the cell-surface membrane, so that the cell becomes freely permeable to substances and dies as a result. Most effective against viruses. As viruses need living cells to reproduce, this stops them ...
lec1
... Second line 2- Phagocytes Specialized cells for capture, Ingestion and destruction of invading microorganisms * Polymorphoniclear leucocytes, mainly neutrophils: granulocytes circulate in blood * Mononuclear cells (macrophages) - Monocytes in blood ...
... Second line 2- Phagocytes Specialized cells for capture, Ingestion and destruction of invading microorganisms * Polymorphoniclear leucocytes, mainly neutrophils: granulocytes circulate in blood * Mononuclear cells (macrophages) - Monocytes in blood ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.