Bacteria
... Redness- from increased blood flow to area Swelling- from increased blood flow/fluids to area Pain- Pressure on nerves from swelling Heat- increase in temperature to kill pathogens SPECIFIC IMMUNITY Recognizing self/non-self Specialized lymphocytes produce antibodies specific to the antigen (any sub ...
... Redness- from increased blood flow to area Swelling- from increased blood flow/fluids to area Pain- Pressure on nerves from swelling Heat- increase in temperature to kill pathogens SPECIFIC IMMUNITY Recognizing self/non-self Specialized lymphocytes produce antibodies specific to the antigen (any sub ...
exam bullet points
... Different B cells are specific to different antigens. B cells divide rapidly to produce plasma cells. Plasma cells release antibody. Antibody binds to antigen on pathogen Some B cells become memory cells*. Cytotoxic T cells are activated by T helper cells and directly destroy infected cells. ...
... Different B cells are specific to different antigens. B cells divide rapidly to produce plasma cells. Plasma cells release antibody. Antibody binds to antigen on pathogen Some B cells become memory cells*. Cytotoxic T cells are activated by T helper cells and directly destroy infected cells. ...
DRAK2 negatively regulates T Cell Receptor Signaling by
... Mentor: Craig Walsh T cells play a central role in controlling acquired immune response. Regulatory molecules expressed in T cells participate in setting the threshold for T cell activation and limit the response via negative feedback regulation; hence, these molecules maintain T cell homeostasis. D ...
... Mentor: Craig Walsh T cells play a central role in controlling acquired immune response. Regulatory molecules expressed in T cells participate in setting the threshold for T cell activation and limit the response via negative feedback regulation; hence, these molecules maintain T cell homeostasis. D ...
Lecture 21
... Natural Killer Cells • Destroy infected and cancerous host cells • Healthy cells make surface MHC class I antigens. ...
... Natural Killer Cells • Destroy infected and cancerous host cells • Healthy cells make surface MHC class I antigens. ...
The Immune System
... Make up the immune response Antigens (viruses, bacteria, other pathogens) trigger this response Two types of lymphocytes in the immune response B lymphocytes (B cells) T lymphocytes (T cells) ...
... Make up the immune response Antigens (viruses, bacteria, other pathogens) trigger this response Two types of lymphocytes in the immune response B lymphocytes (B cells) T lymphocytes (T cells) ...
Disease as a Failure of Homeostasis
... and then “eat” it by releasing digestive enzymes which kill the bacteria. ...
... and then “eat” it by releasing digestive enzymes which kill the bacteria. ...
Immunology - PharmaEuphoria
... A complete antigen is able to induce antibody formation & produce a specific and observable reaction with the antibody so produced. Haptens are substances which are incapable of inducing antibody formation by themselves, but can be capable of inducing antibodies on combining with larger molecules (n ...
... A complete antigen is able to induce antibody formation & produce a specific and observable reaction with the antibody so produced. Haptens are substances which are incapable of inducing antibody formation by themselves, but can be capable of inducing antibodies on combining with larger molecules (n ...
Specific Resistance = Immunity
... phagocytosis of other parasite antigens to further activate immunity. ...
... phagocytosis of other parasite antigens to further activate immunity. ...
Immune System:
... 1. Mechanical mechanisms: such as skin and mucous membranes form barriers that prevent the entry of chemicals and microorganisms into the tissues of the body. For example, substances are washed from the eyes by the tears, from the mouth by saliva, and from the urinary tract by urine. 2. Chemical med ...
... 1. Mechanical mechanisms: such as skin and mucous membranes form barriers that prevent the entry of chemicals and microorganisms into the tissues of the body. For example, substances are washed from the eyes by the tears, from the mouth by saliva, and from the urinary tract by urine. 2. Chemical med ...
print version
... protection. The second line of defence, the adaptive immune system, provides lifelong immunity; it “remembers” germs or cancers so that it can protect your body against similar attacks in the future. If the immune system is the cancer warrior, then T-cells are the key weapons in its arsenal. They at ...
... protection. The second line of defence, the adaptive immune system, provides lifelong immunity; it “remembers” germs or cancers so that it can protect your body against similar attacks in the future. If the immune system is the cancer warrior, then T-cells are the key weapons in its arsenal. They at ...
File
... Antigen Presenting Cell • After a phagocyte destroys an invading pathogen it presents fragments of its antigens on its cell surface • The phagocyte is now referred to as an antigen presenting cell • A specific helper T cell then binds to the antigen on the antigen presenting cell • The helper T cel ...
... Antigen Presenting Cell • After a phagocyte destroys an invading pathogen it presents fragments of its antigens on its cell surface • The phagocyte is now referred to as an antigen presenting cell • A specific helper T cell then binds to the antigen on the antigen presenting cell • The helper T cel ...
innate immune systemch14
... • Acute response is unsuccessful in resolving the problem • Can last years, often associated with significant tissue damage • May be due to chronic infection, repetitive injury, chronic implantation of foreign material or selfperpetuating because of damage induced by the immune system itself in the ...
... • Acute response is unsuccessful in resolving the problem • Can last years, often associated with significant tissue damage • May be due to chronic infection, repetitive injury, chronic implantation of foreign material or selfperpetuating because of damage induced by the immune system itself in the ...
Immune System
... Self-tolerance: capacity to distinguish self from non-self Autoimmune diseases: failure of self-tolerance; multiple sclerosis, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Major Histocompatability Complex (MHC): body cell surface antigens coded by a family of genes Class I MHC mo ...
... Self-tolerance: capacity to distinguish self from non-self Autoimmune diseases: failure of self-tolerance; multiple sclerosis, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Major Histocompatability Complex (MHC): body cell surface antigens coded by a family of genes Class I MHC mo ...
Dr. Laurent Sabbagh
... Tumour necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) are a family of receptors involved in transmitting survival and death signals in lymphocytes and play a critical role in determining the outcome of an immune response and the maintenance of memory T cells. The role of TRAF1, an adaptor protein involved in lin ...
... Tumour necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) are a family of receptors involved in transmitting survival and death signals in lymphocytes and play a critical role in determining the outcome of an immune response and the maintenance of memory T cells. The role of TRAF1, an adaptor protein involved in lin ...
BC Science 8 - resourceskillsandtutorial
... T Cells – Helper T Cell and Killer T Cells White blood cells recognize an antigen or pathogen and signal for helper T cells which activate B cells to produce antibodies to attack them The antibodies then destroy the antigen or pathogen ...
... T Cells – Helper T Cell and Killer T Cells White blood cells recognize an antigen or pathogen and signal for helper T cells which activate B cells to produce antibodies to attack them The antibodies then destroy the antigen or pathogen ...
AMS_PowerPoint_The_Lymphatic_System_and_Immunity
... •Briefly outline the major role of the thymus gland in immunity. •Briefly outline the role of the spleen. •List the 7 non-specific defence mechanisms and ...
... •Briefly outline the major role of the thymus gland in immunity. •Briefly outline the role of the spleen. •List the 7 non-specific defence mechanisms and ...
File
... Primary immune response: the first response of the immune system to an antigen, involving recognition by lymphocytes and the production of effector cells (T and B cells) and memory cells Prostaglandins: fatty acid derivatives that play roles in various responses like the initiation of inflammation i ...
... Primary immune response: the first response of the immune system to an antigen, involving recognition by lymphocytes and the production of effector cells (T and B cells) and memory cells Prostaglandins: fatty acid derivatives that play roles in various responses like the initiation of inflammation i ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.