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Revise_B2_in_15_mins[1]
... antigens (markers) 5. Special types of White Blood Cells called memory cells are produced so when you come in contact with the real pathogen they REMEMBER IT and produce antibodies SO FAST you don’t get sick; this is immunity. ...
... antigens (markers) 5. Special types of White Blood Cells called memory cells are produced so when you come in contact with the real pathogen they REMEMBER IT and produce antibodies SO FAST you don’t get sick; this is immunity. ...
Document
... • Most protein Ag require Ag-specific T cell help to generate an Ab response • The immune response to most Ag depend on both T cells and B cells ...
... • Most protein Ag require Ag-specific T cell help to generate an Ab response • The immune response to most Ag depend on both T cells and B cells ...
Immunology targets: Explain the role of pathogens in illness
... Leukocytes – white blood cells – soldiers of immune system that attack pathogens Phagocytes –leukocyte that engulf any pathogens to destroy them Natural killer cells – leukocytes that destroy your own cells infected with any pathogen Macrophages – leukocytes that engulf any pathogens and display the ...
... Leukocytes – white blood cells – soldiers of immune system that attack pathogens Phagocytes –leukocyte that engulf any pathogens to destroy them Natural killer cells – leukocytes that destroy your own cells infected with any pathogen Macrophages – leukocytes that engulf any pathogens and display the ...
IMMUNISATION: HOW DOES IT WORK? File
... Antigens • Distinguishes between self (own body) and non-self (foreign substanes) • Any foreign substances recognised by the immune system are called antigens .(A molecule that is recognised by the immune system ) ...
... Antigens • Distinguishes between self (own body) and non-self (foreign substanes) • Any foreign substances recognised by the immune system are called antigens .(A molecule that is recognised by the immune system ) ...
Ch 4 - Immunity, Hyp..
... • Main defense against bacteria and bacterial toxins – Cell-mediated immunity • Formation of a population of lymphocytes that attack and destroy foreign material • Main defense against viruses, fungi, parasites, and some bacteria • Mechanism by which the body rejects transplanted organs • Means of e ...
... • Main defense against bacteria and bacterial toxins – Cell-mediated immunity • Formation of a population of lymphocytes that attack and destroy foreign material • Main defense against viruses, fungi, parasites, and some bacteria • Mechanism by which the body rejects transplanted organs • Means of e ...
Antigen-presenting cells
... by the microbes, cells, or compounds that triggered the immune response, it is able to induce their ingestion by phagocytic cells. If bound to live cells, antibody may induce the attachment of cytotoxic cells that cause the death of the antibody-coated cell (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity; ...
... by the microbes, cells, or compounds that triggered the immune response, it is able to induce their ingestion by phagocytic cells. If bound to live cells, antibody may induce the attachment of cytotoxic cells that cause the death of the antibody-coated cell (antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity; ...
NUR127 Unit 1 Lecture 2 Immunology
... Cytolysis: Perforin protein is injected into the cell to cause it to “explode”. Granzymes: Cause the cell to self-destruct. Found in the spleen, red bone marrow, & lymph nodes. ...
... Cytolysis: Perforin protein is injected into the cell to cause it to “explode”. Granzymes: Cause the cell to self-destruct. Found in the spleen, red bone marrow, & lymph nodes. ...
GI Pathology in Innate and Acquired Immunodeficiency
... • Infection of CD4+ T lymphocytes by HIV • 50% present with GI symptoms • GIT site of replication & rich in mature T cells • All develop GI complications ...
... • Infection of CD4+ T lymphocytes by HIV • 50% present with GI symptoms • GIT site of replication & rich in mature T cells • All develop GI complications ...
Gilead
... activated, develop into plasma cells and memory cells – Plasma cells produce 1000s of antibodies (immunoglobulins) per second ...
... activated, develop into plasma cells and memory cells – Plasma cells produce 1000s of antibodies (immunoglobulins) per second ...
Swine influenza (SwIV) is considered a zoonosis and the fact that
... intermediate reservoir for avian influenza virus, potentially infectious for humans, highlights its relevance and the need to understand the interaction of different influenza viruses with the porcine immune system. Dendritic cells (DC) link innate and adaptive immune system, expressing specialized ...
... intermediate reservoir for avian influenza virus, potentially infectious for humans, highlights its relevance and the need to understand the interaction of different influenza viruses with the porcine immune system. Dendritic cells (DC) link innate and adaptive immune system, expressing specialized ...
Biology 232
... normal bacterial fauna – inhibits bad microbes 2) phagocytes neutrophils and monocytes in blood macrophages – in tissues (derived from monocytes) 3) immunological surveillance – seeking out and destroying abnormal cells natural killer cells (nonspecific lymphocytes) wander throughout body and recogn ...
... normal bacterial fauna – inhibits bad microbes 2) phagocytes neutrophils and monocytes in blood macrophages – in tissues (derived from monocytes) 3) immunological surveillance – seeking out and destroying abnormal cells natural killer cells (nonspecific lymphocytes) wander throughout body and recogn ...
Immunocomputing - Carleton University
... • Most self epitopes occur in the thymus and bone marrow • An immature Th cell activated by binding a self epitope suffers apoptosis (clonal deletion or negative selection) • Process called central tolerance • Some may still be auto(self)reactive. A second mechanism, costimulation is required: – Sig ...
... • Most self epitopes occur in the thymus and bone marrow • An immature Th cell activated by binding a self epitope suffers apoptosis (clonal deletion or negative selection) • Process called central tolerance • Some may still be auto(self)reactive. A second mechanism, costimulation is required: – Sig ...
1 State the significance of interspecific hybridization. 1 2 What is the
... Write the full form of ELISA . Give its clinical applications. What are allergens? How do human beings respond to them? Name the different species of malarial parasite. Which of these does cause malignant tumors? What kind of immunity active or passive, is produced by vaccination? Name the disease a ...
... Write the full form of ELISA . Give its clinical applications. What are allergens? How do human beings respond to them? Name the different species of malarial parasite. Which of these does cause malignant tumors? What kind of immunity active or passive, is produced by vaccination? Name the disease a ...
Supplementary Figure Legends (doc 28K)
... standard deviations. Significant P-values are indicated by asterisks (* P=0.03; ** P=0.003; *** P<0.001). (B) HLA-A2 molecule expression on the surfaces of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Immunofluorescence staining was performed using MA2.1 monoclonal antibody and analysed on BD LSR Flow Cytometer ...
... standard deviations. Significant P-values are indicated by asterisks (* P=0.03; ** P=0.003; *** P<0.001). (B) HLA-A2 molecule expression on the surfaces of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Immunofluorescence staining was performed using MA2.1 monoclonal antibody and analysed on BD LSR Flow Cytometer ...
Modulation of Function of Myeloid Cell Precursors by Thapsigargan
... Modulation of Function of Myeloid Cell Precursors by Thapsigargan James Haydel, Paul Thevenot , Paulo Rodriguez ...
... Modulation of Function of Myeloid Cell Precursors by Thapsigargan James Haydel, Paul Thevenot , Paulo Rodriguez ...
White Blood Cells (leukocytes)
... Blood contains three types of lymphocytes: A- B cells: B- cells produce antibodies that are associated with pathogens for destruction. In addition to linking function after an attack to cause disease, some B cells become capable of producing antibodies specific for the pathogen to serve as a memory ...
... Blood contains three types of lymphocytes: A- B cells: B- cells produce antibodies that are associated with pathogens for destruction. In addition to linking function after an attack to cause disease, some B cells become capable of producing antibodies specific for the pathogen to serve as a memory ...
Immune System - T.R. Robinson High School
... 2. When it determines it to be “not-self”, it engulfs it by phagocytosis, but pieces are purposely left on the cell membrane of the macrophage 3. Helper T cells chemically recognize the antigen being presented and become activated 4. Helper T cells then chemically communicate with (activate) the spe ...
... 2. When it determines it to be “not-self”, it engulfs it by phagocytosis, but pieces are purposely left on the cell membrane of the macrophage 3. Helper T cells chemically recognize the antigen being presented and become activated 4. Helper T cells then chemically communicate with (activate) the spe ...
Non-specific defenses
... do not distinguish between one threat and another are present at birth include: physical barriers (e.g. skin), phagocytic cells, inflammation, fevers, etc. provides body with “non-specific resistance” ...
... do not distinguish between one threat and another are present at birth include: physical barriers (e.g. skin), phagocytic cells, inflammation, fevers, etc. provides body with “non-specific resistance” ...
Chapter 14 – The Lymphatic System and Immunity
... When activated by an antigen, they become plasma cells that produce antibodies. They also can become memory cells that remain in reserve until a stimulus by the same antigen is repeated and then produce antibodies. ...
... When activated by an antigen, they become plasma cells that produce antibodies. They also can become memory cells that remain in reserve until a stimulus by the same antigen is repeated and then produce antibodies. ...
Adaptive immune system
The adaptive immune system, also known as the acquired immune or, more rarely, as the specific immune system, is a subsystem of the overall immune system that is composed of highly specialized, systemic cells and processes that eliminate or prevent pathogen growth. The adaptive immune system is one of the two main immunity strategies found in vertebrates (the other being the innate immune system). Adaptive immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen. This process of acquired immunity is the basis of vaccination. Like the innate system, the adaptive system includes both humoral immunity components and cell-mediated immunity components.Unlike the innate immune system, the adaptive immune system is highly specific to a specific pathogen. Adaptive immunity can also provide long-lasting protection: for example; someone who recovers from measles is now protected against measles for their lifetime but in other cases it does not provide lifetime protection: for example; chickenpox. The adaptive system response destroys invading pathogens and any toxic molecules they produce. Sometimes the adaptive system is unable to distinguish foreign molecules, the effects of this may be hayfever, asthma or any other allergies. Antigens are any substances that elicit the adaptive immune response. The cells that carry out the adaptive immune response are white blood cells known as lymphocytes. Two main broad classes—antibody responses and cell mediated immune response—are also carried by two different lymphocytes (B cells and T cells). In antibody responses, B cells are activated to secrete antibodies, which are proteins also known as immunoglobulins. Antibodies travel through the bloodstream and bind to the foreign antigen causing it to inactivate, which does not allow the antigen to bind to the host.In acquired immunity, pathogen-specific receptors are ""acquired"" during the lifetime of the organism (whereas in innate immunity pathogen-specific receptors are already encoded in the germline). The acquired response is called ""adaptive"" because it prepares the body's immune system for future challenges (though it can actually also be maladaptive when it results in autoimmunity).The system is highly adaptable because of somatic hypermutation (a process of accelerated somatic mutations), and V(D)J recombination (an irreversible genetic recombination of antigen receptor gene segments). This mechanism allows a small number of genes to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are then uniquely expressed on each individual lymphocyte. Because the gene rearrangement leads to an irreversible change in the DNA of each cell, all progeny (offspring) of that cell inherit genes that encode the same receptor specificity, including the memory B cells and memory T cells that are the keys to long-lived specific immunity.A theoretical framework explaining the workings of the acquired immune system is provided by immune network theory. This theory, which builds on established concepts of clonal selection, is being applied in the search for an HIV vaccine.