* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download Swine influenza (SwIV) is considered a zoonosis and the fact that
Survey
Document related concepts
Transmission (medicine) wikipedia , lookup
Childhood immunizations in the United States wikipedia , lookup
Cancer immunotherapy wikipedia , lookup
Adaptive immune system wikipedia , lookup
Immune system wikipedia , lookup
DNA vaccination wikipedia , lookup
Sociality and disease transmission wikipedia , lookup
Hospital-acquired infection wikipedia , lookup
Neonatal infection wikipedia , lookup
Infection control wikipedia , lookup
Sarcocystis wikipedia , lookup
West Nile fever wikipedia , lookup
Human cytomegalovirus wikipedia , lookup
Hygiene hypothesis wikipedia , lookup
Innate immune system wikipedia , lookup
Common cold wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
Swine influenza (SwIV) is considered a zoonosis and the fact that swine may act as an intermediate reservoir for avian influenza virus, potentially infectious for humans, highlights its relevance and the need to understand the interaction of different influenza viruses with the porcine immune system. Dendritic cells (DC) link innate and adaptive immune system, expressing specialized pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) which recognise particular pathogen-associateti molecular patterns (PAMPs). Furthermore, there is growing evidence that the so-called"early" cytokines play an important role in influenza virus (IV) infection. Thus, porcine DCs were exposed to different circulating IV in vitro showing a differential wave of cytokines released upon encountering different IV strains. This prompted us te investigate whether swine-adapted or non-adapted IV strains might give rise to peculiar innate immune responses that could be correlated with pathological lesions in pigs. In fact, each virus strain could be associated to cytokine gene and protein markers of infection. These markers were observed well beyond the period of virus replication, which suggests a prolonged homeostatic imbalance of the innate immune system following IV infection. Interestingly, our data indicated that viruses from birds and seals have the potential to cross the species barrier and establish successful infections in pigs. Interestingly, we could not detect antibodies against HA after infection with viruses from birds and seals, not only in pigs but also in infected mice. Therefore, increasing surveillance efforts must be directed to identifying novel viruses with the capability to cross the species barrier, as well as new diagnostic tools to detect these viruses in new hosts