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Chapter 40-2
Chapter 40-2

...  The different shapes give antibodies the ability to recognize a large variety of antigens  Its estimated that a healthy adult can produce about 100 million different types of antibodies ...
DISEASE - IMMUNE SYSTEM
DISEASE - IMMUNE SYSTEM

... body that are involved in the recognition and destruction of foreign materials. • The basis of immunity lies in the body’s ability to distinguish between its own substances (itself) and foreign substances (non-self). • Any foreign substance that triggers a specific defense response is called an anti ...
No Slide Title
No Slide Title

... IMMSIM[1] was constructed to tackle the staggering complexity of the Immune System by comparing it with the responses of an agent-based computer model, where the agents are minimalistic portraits of lymphoid cell types, body’s target cells and typical invaders. Once launched, the response develops i ...
PATH_417_Case_2_Summary_SunnyChen
PATH_417_Case_2_Summary_SunnyChen

... • once activated, CD8+ will leave the lymph node and home towards the site of infection and conduct its cytotoxic activity towards infected cells via release the cytotoxins perforin, granzymes, and granulysin • Through the action of perforin, granzymes enter the cytoplasm of the target cell and thei ...
Blank Jeopardy
Blank Jeopardy

... Your immune system recognizes the bacteria, virus, and cancerous cells below as not belonging to your body. What is a name given something your body recognizes as an ...
Aseptic Technique: Media and Equipment
Aseptic Technique: Media and Equipment

... immune system and provoking immune responses • Large complex molecules not normally present in the body • They are anything non-self: Mo’s, Cells, Cells containing MO’s, or chemicals • Epitope – small area of antigen that stimulates the immune response ...
Disorders of the Immune System and Vaccination
Disorders of the Immune System and Vaccination

... in the lab. – Pasteur saw this happen while working with Fowl Cholera in the lab. The longer he kept a particular culture in the lab and regrew it, the less virulent it became. Essentially, organisms will not hang onto genes, or extra genetic material that they don’t need. So if they don’t need viru ...
Ch. 43 - Harford Community College
Ch. 43 - Harford Community College

... cytokines and specific binding to class I MHC-antigen complexes on a target (infected, transplanted, or cancerous) cell. • The T cell then secretes perforins, which form pores in the target cell membrane, causing the cell to lyse. ...
Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host
Adaptive Immunity: Specific Defenses of the Host

Natural Killer Cells
Natural Killer Cells

... Decline in the number of cells exported by the thymus gland Decline in responsiveness to vaccines Reduction in formation and reactivity of germinal center nodules in lymph nodes where B-cells proliferate Decreased immune surveillance by T lymphocytes and NK cells ...
positive selection - immunology.unideb.hu
positive selection - immunology.unideb.hu

... CLONAL IGNORANCE No contact with the immune system Immunologically privileged sites Central nervous system, eye No recognition in the periphery ...
投影片 1
投影片 1

... Viruses • Viruses do not respire, move, grow or feed outside a living cell and so show very limited characteristics as living things. However they reproduce very rapidly inside human body cells taking over the function of the nucleus and forcing the cell to make more viruses and thereby spreading t ...
Lymphatic System - University of Baghdad
Lymphatic System - University of Baghdad

... 1. Skin: intact skin prevents microorganism to get in. 2. Mucous membranes that cover respiratory tract, digestive tract, urogenital system, conjunctiva. 3. Secretions and body fluids like mucus secretions that cover mucous membrane of respiratory and other tracts which trap bacteria and other other ...
Playing Defense
Playing Defense

... •B cells make antibodies to attack the specific pathogen being injected •Vaccines are used to trigger the body to make memory cells for a certain pathogen without causing illness ...
Host Parasite - De Anza College
Host Parasite - De Anza College

... • NK, macrophages, neutrophils and eosinophils will bind to Fc of antibodies • Cells especially eosinophils release chemicals that lyse large pathogens ...
Ch 17
Ch 17

... • each is made of two heavy and two light chains of amino acids, held together by disulfide bonds ...
The Immune System
The Immune System

... the body, but cannot stop it. The person over time becomes sick (has AIDS) from other pathogens (even just a cold) because the immune system no longer ...
Type of Innate immune
Type of Innate immune

... causing damage. T cell have similar receptors for recognizing antigens, Known as T-cell receptors. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules provide a means of self recognition and also play a fundamental role in T lymphocyte effector functions. Effector mechanisms are often dependent on mess ...
DEFINING HYPERSENSITIVITY
DEFINING HYPERSENSITIVITY

... killer) cells, monocytes, and granulocytes then bind to the immunoglobulin Fc receptors and lyse, but do not phagocytize, the target cells. A macrophage with Fc receptors on its surface is able to recognize a target cell coated with antibody via the Fc receptor portion of the attached antibody. The ...
TOPIC 11.1
TOPIC 11.1

... platelets to adhere (stick) to the damaged area 2. This forms a plug 3. Platelets release clotting factors which convert prothrombin to thrombin 4. Thrombin is an enzyme which catalases the conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin (fibrous protein which forms a mesh-like network 5. More and more platelets ...
MCDB 1030
MCDB 1030

... Antibiotics are used to treat bacterial infections, not viral infections. Be sure you are clear on the distinctions between bacteria and viruses, and know which of the diseases we talked about are caused by which type of pathogen. 1. (14 points) Explain why both cellular and humoral immunity are imp ...
Prezentace aplikace PowerPoint
Prezentace aplikace PowerPoint

... - the atopic persons produce more than normal IgE and have more Fc receptors on their mast cells - subtle defect in T-Ly function (e.g. deficiency in IgE-specific supressor cells) may account for hightened IgE production ...
Document
Document

BIOL 495: Introduction to Immunology
BIOL 495: Introduction to Immunology

... Specific immunities are referred to as our Adaptive immunity for which there are 2 branches: Humoral immunity Cell-mediated immunity ...
Cell timeline
Cell timeline

< 1 ... 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 ... 514 >

Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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