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5th seminar - lymphoid organs, lymphocyte
5th seminar - lymphoid organs, lymphocyte

Vaccination
Vaccination

... Safety: most flu vaccines are produced using embryonated chicken eggs, high-risk individuals such as persons suffering from allergies and patients with asthma are prone to developing side effects such as allergic reactions to chicken proteins. In many cases, even a small quantity of chicken protein ...
Specific
Specific

... Cytotoxic T cells are like T helper cells in that, in order to function, they can only recognize a foreign antigen in the context of a self-antigen (MHC complex). The T cell restriction (for both T helper cells and cytotoxic T cells) involves proteins (sometimes called antigens) encoded in the Major ...
Immunopathology
Immunopathology

... On the basis of their chemical structure, tissue distribution, and function, MHC gene products fall into two main categories: ...
31.3 Immune Responses
31.3 Immune Responses

... • Allergens can cause anaphylaxis or (Anaphylactic shock) – Anaphylaxis is an extreme inflammation response. – Blood vessels and airways become too porous. – If not treated immediately, anaphylaxis can cause death. ...
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Immuno Outline Test #3 Lectures 19/20: Mechanisms of Tolerance and
Immuno Outline Test #3 Lectures 19/20: Mechanisms of Tolerance and

... o If gluten is improperly digested to gliaden peptides, they become negative charged and bind strongly to MHC (HLA DQ w/ Celiac Disease) generates inflammatory response o IEL’s also secrete cytokines (IFNgamma)  Th1 (inflammation)  Ag-Coupled Cell-Induced Tolerance o Crosslink chemicals w/ peptid ...
HLSC 3623 Human Diseases
HLSC 3623 Human Diseases

... Unit 3-Definitions Antibody (immunoglobulin)-a globulin manufactured by plasma cells in response to contact with a foreign antigen Auto-antibody-an antibody formed against one’s own cells or tissue components. ...
Test Word Lists
Test Word Lists

... Unit 3-Definitions Antibody (immunoglobulin)-a globulin manufactured by plasma cells in response to contact with a foreign antigen Auto-antibody-an antibody formed against one’s own cells or tissue components. ...
Podcast – Deep Dive - #1 Amino Acids Essential Amino Acids PVT
Podcast – Deep Dive - #1 Amino Acids Essential Amino Acids PVT

... Kwashiorkor – sufficient calories but low protein intake. Often at risk in individuals weened off breast milk going to a diet high in carbs. Features of the disease include pitting edema which may be due to a decrease in glycosaminoglycans. Also have characteristic fatty swollen livers. They also ha ...
Recognition of Antigens
Recognition of Antigens

... Behring and Kitasato in 1890 that chemically inactivated toxins could induce protective immunity when injected into experimental animals, and that protection could be transferred to other susceptible animals by injecting serum from their immune counterparts ...
What Happens When the Immune System Attacks Itself?
What Happens When the Immune System Attacks Itself?

... autoimmune diseases: localized and systemic. Localized diseases slowly destroy a specific type of organ or tissue, make an organ grow excessively, or interfere with the organ’s function. An example is when the immune system attacks the pancreas, which stops making insulin, so a person develops type ...
System has Specificity and Memory
System has Specificity and Memory

... Humoral immunity - B cells mature into mature plasma cells when they encounter foreign antigen. Cellular immunity - certain types of T cells Two classes of T cells - TH (T helper cells) and TC (cytotoxic T cells) B cells and T cells can be distinguished by phenotypic markers on their surfaces called ...
Reading Guide for Week 9_10
Reading Guide for Week 9_10

... 3. Know the function of neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, and lymphocytes (more on lymphocytes in Chapter 15). Which cells are considered phagocytic? 4. Know that cells communicate to one another through cytokines and cytokine receptors. What are the roles of chemokines and interferons? 5. ...
Immunology
Immunology

... students will answer an additional essay question with each exam. This question will present data from recent papers in the field and ask the student to interpret these data or form conclusions from the data. In addition, the student will be asked to apply this information to real world problems in ...
BIOC39H – Immunology  Winter 2012 Course Syllabus
BIOC39H – Immunology Winter 2012 Course Syllabus

... and virology. The concepts and methods of these disciplines are fundamental to the study of the immune system and as such, this course aims to provide students with an appreciation of the interdisciplinary relationship between these subjects. This course is designed to introduce the molecular and ce ...
Quantification and DNA Sequencing of IL-13Rα1 and IL
Quantification and DNA Sequencing of IL-13Rα1 and IL

... IL-13Rα1 is found on all normal cells while IL-13Rα2 is found to be overexpressed only on certain lines of cancer cells. IL-13Rα2 acts as a decoy receptor, stopping the normal STAT6 pathway that normally initiates an immune response when the IL-13 ligand binds to the IL-13α1/IL-4α receptor complex. ...
Type II hypersensitivity
Type II hypersensitivity

... (Natural Killer Cell) ...
BOX 7-1 Genetic Blocks in Lymphocyte Maturation
BOX 7-1 Genetic Blocks in Lymphocyte Maturation

... pancreatic islet β cells (a target for autoreactive T cells in type I diabetes), a TCR specific for myelin basic protein (which is a central nervous system autoantigen), and Ig specific for self DNA (involved in the autoimmune disease lupus). These transgenic mice are useful for defining not only th ...
دانلود
دانلود

... • Pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMP):dsRNA,Nformylmethionine,LPS,teichoic acid ,mannose • Toll Like receptors ...
Features of structural change of corticotropic cells of pituitary gland
Features of structural change of corticotropic cells of pituitary gland

... Features of structural change of corticotropic cells of pituitary gland after experimental immunostimulation Bobrysheva I.V. Introduction In the last decade in theoretical medicine and clinical practice there was a new direction – neuroimmunoendocrinology [6, 10, 11, 12]. Now nonspecific regulation ...
Allergy
Allergy

... and induce the production of autoantibodies directed at cell DNA. As a result, disease manifestations resembling those of systemic lupus erythematosus occur. In Goodpasture's syndrome, antibody to basement membranes of the kidneys and lungs bind to those membranes and activate complement. ...
Lecture Notes
Lecture Notes

... with surface constituents of other cells and this interaction triggers the killer activity of the NK cells. However, they also express another set of receptors whose interactions induce inhibitory signals that prevent target cell killing, and these inhibitory signals are normally dominant over the a ...
type II
type II

... Schematic illustration of three different mechanisms of antibody-mediated injury in type II hypersensitivity. (A) Complement-dependent reactions that lead to lysis of cells or render them susceptible to phagocytosis. (B) Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). IgGcoated target cells ar ...
The Immune System
The Immune System

... the second exposure to the same antigen a more rapid response occurs(2-7 days) due to memory.  The response is greater and lasts longer.  Antibodies have a higher affinity for the antigen.  Known as immunological memory. ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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