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THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

... Active and Passive Immunity Artificial passive immunity Used when a very rapid immune response is needed e.g. after infection with tetanus. Human antibodies are injected. In the case of tetanus these are antitoxin antibodies. Antibodies come from blood donors who have recently had the tetanus vacci ...
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM
THE IMMUNE SYSTEM

... Active and Passive Immunity Artificial passive immunity Used when a very rapid immune response is needed e.g. after infection with tetanus. Human antibodies are injected. In the case of tetanus these are antitoxin antibodies. Antibodies come from blood donors who have recently had the tetanus vacci ...
Technical University of Munich Institute for Medical Microbiology
Technical University of Munich Institute for Medical Microbiology

... maintenance of cytokine memories and functional plasticity of T cells in settings of infections as well as chronic inflammatory diseases. We have recently established the existence of pro- and anti-inflammatory human Th17 cell subsets (Zielinski et al. Nature 2012) and have described a novel T helpe ...
What is the purpose of a immune system?
What is the purpose of a immune system?

... T cells  Involved in CELL MEDIATED RESPONSE  Matures in Thymus gland  Attack, learn & remember pathogens hiding in infected cells ...
Innate Immunity and Antigen Presentation
Innate Immunity and Antigen Presentation

What is the purpose of a immune system?
What is the purpose of a immune system?

... T cells  Involved in CELL MEDIATED RESPONSE  Matures in Thymus gland  Attack, learn & remember pathogens hiding in infected cells ...
Lymphatic and Immune System Information Sheet
Lymphatic and Immune System Information Sheet

... Lymphatic and Immune System Information Sheet (Suggested vocabulary words for this study are in blue and underlined.) Lymphatic System 1) Anatomy and Physiology: 2) Lymph, which is a thin watery fluid composed of intercellular, or interstitial , fluid which forms when plasma leaves the capillaries a ...
A41-Immune Response
A41-Immune Response

... pathogen, you retain those antibodies for awhile, explaining why some diseases are only contracted once in a lifetime ...
Editorial overview: Lymphocyte development and activation
Editorial overview: Lymphocyte development and activation

The Body`s Defenses – Specific Responses
The Body`s Defenses – Specific Responses

... There are four types of T cells: - helper cells: produces a growth factor that stimulates B cell proliferation and enhances cytotoxic T cell activity - cytotoxic cells: destroys infected and/or cancerous body cells - memory cells: remain in wait for second exposure to antigen and then differentiate ...
Immunology overview notes
Immunology overview notes

... Other chemicals attract additional phagocytes and other white blood cells to the area, where they pass through the leaky blood vessel walls into the interstitial fluid Local increase of blood flow, fluid, and white blood cells produces the redness, heat, swelling, and pain at the injured area. ...
Chapter Objectives: Chapter 43 the Immune System
Chapter Objectives: Chapter 43 the Immune System

... 2. Explain how the physical barrier of skin is reinforced by chemical defenses 3. Define phagocytosis and list 2 types of phagocytic cells derived from white blood cells 4. Explain how the function of natural killer cells differs from the function of white blood cells 5. Describe the inflammatory re ...
Chapter 11: Immunological Responses to Microbes
Chapter 11: Immunological Responses to Microbes

... - dendritic cells dectect viral particles in interstitial fluid, blood or lymph, antigen presentation occurs ONLY during the initial infectivity stage or when virus is released - differentiation to Th1 required to secrete IL-2 in order for naïve CD8s to differentiate into CTLs B cells and antibody p ...
Chapter 27: Communicable Diseases
Chapter 27: Communicable Diseases

... help your body develop to a disease. ...
B cell - Catalyst
B cell - Catalyst

BIOL 103 Homework Ch. 6 Answer Key 1. Describe the differences
BIOL 103 Homework Ch. 6 Answer Key 1. Describe the differences

03-390 Immunology Exam III - 2014 Name:______________________
03-390 Immunology Exam III - 2014 Name:______________________

... 10. (2 pts) Describe one event that occurs in central tolerance that reduces the possibility of autoimmune diseases? a) Anergy can be induced in B-cells that recognize soluble antigens. b) Alternative light (or α) chains can be used to remove the interaction to self-antigens c) Self-reactive B or T ...
The Innate Immune Response,
The Innate Immune Response,

... The thymus and bone marrow are the primary (or central) lymphoid organs, where maturation of lymphocytes takes place. ...
Natural Killer (NK) cell “memory”
Natural Killer (NK) cell “memory”

... humans) undergo antigen-driven expansion and persist over time, displaying high effector functions during secondary infection (1-3). Despite these observations, the molecular mechanisms underlying these properties have not been completely elucidated. In particular, it still needs to be clarified whe ...
Immune System Reading and Questions
Immune System Reading and Questions

... AIDS stands for Acquired Immunodeficient Syndrome. This virus lives in and kills helper T-cells. With fewer helper Tcells, the person’s immune system can’t form any new antibodies against any new invaders, thus people with AIDS usually die from some secondary infection or unusual form of cancer. The ...
Introduction_to_the_Human_Immune_System
Introduction_to_the_Human_Immune_System

... •Initial response to microbes (surveillance and detection of non-self) •Recognizes structures characteristic of microbial pathogens •Not on mammalian cells •Necessary for survival of microbe •Receptors are encoded in germline DNA •will also recognize stressed or injured tisssue ...
PowerPoint to accompany
PowerPoint to accompany

... arriving at the external surfaces of the body fail to establish a colony. Just as in military strategy, the hardest thing for an invader to do is to establish a beachhead. So one cardinal property which distinguishes microorganisms capable of colonising hosts from the much larger number which can no ...
Presentation
Presentation

... by recruiting kinases (often via ITAMs) and inhibitory receptors activate phosphatases (via ITIMs) ...
REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. When assigning a scientific name to an
REVIEW QUESTIONS 1. When assigning a scientific name to an

student notes
student notes

... Modes of antibody action: 1. Neutralization: antibodies bind the pathogen`s _____________ proteins which prevents it from entering infecting cells 2. Opsonization: results in increased _______________of the antigen 3. Lysis: caused by activation of the____________________. Active immunity: develops ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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