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Cell Injury
Cell Injury

... • Some tissues/organs may tolerate ischemia for a period of time better than others o Intoxication - different toxins may affect and injure different tissue types o Ionizing Radiation- DNA highly sensitive • Tissues with high mitotic rate affected more o Viral Infection - each virus has specific tar ...
CRP (C-Reactive Protein)
CRP (C-Reactive Protein)

Lecture 16. Physiology of leukocytes. Leukocyte formula. Immunity
Lecture 16. Physiology of leukocytes. Leukocyte formula. Immunity

... White cells are nucleated and somewhat variable in size and shape. Their numbering is 4-9•Giga per liter. The number of lymphocytes are – 18-37 %, monocytes – 3-11 %, eosinophils –0,5-5 %, basophils – 0-1 %, juvenile neutrophile – 0-1 %, relating to stab (rod-shaped) neutrophil – 1-6 %, segmented ne ...
021309.M1-Immuno.TCellDevelopment
021309.M1-Immuno.TCellDevelopment

... Lack of functional T cells (immunodeficiencies) or production of autoreactive T cells (autoimmune diseases) ...
IMMUNOSUPPRESSANTS.
IMMUNOSUPPRESSANTS.

Title here - British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG)
Title here - British Society of Gastroenterology (BSG)

... 1. Immune-manipulated mice do not develop colitis when germ-free 2. Certain strains induce colitis more than others 3. No single strain will induce colitis consistently in all models ...
04-28-06
04-28-06

... • Many invertebrates defend themselves from infection – By many of the same mechanisms in the vertebrate innate response ...
ANTIBODY IMMUNE RESPONSE
ANTIBODY IMMUNE RESPONSE

... Positive selection in thymus - cells survive by binding to MHC molecules (cells which bind with low affinity to MHC therefore they have a potential to bind to MHC plus foreign protein with high affinity) Negative selection - cells which bind to MHC plus self peptides with high affinity have a potent ...
Autoimmune Diseases in Endocrinology
Autoimmune Diseases in Endocrinology

... The third section of the text discusses type I diabetes mellitus: animal models of type I diabetes mellitus, pancreatic islet cellular autoantigens as they relate to type I diabetes mellitus, and the diagnosis and management of type I diabetes mellitus in humans. Part IV of the text is devoted to th ...
Immunoassays pd3 - OldForensics 2012-2013
Immunoassays pd3 - OldForensics 2012-2013

... complex) is also called an immuno-complex)] • Immuno is an immune response that causes the body to generate antibodies. • Immunoassays utilize one or more select antibodies to detect analytes of interests, which can be those that are naturally present in the body (thyroid hormone0, those that the bo ...
Cells
Cells

... recognized by a cytolytic T cell and be killed. Therefore an antigen presenting cell (APC), which expresses both class I and class II MHC molecules and is infected by virus, is susceptible to killing by a cytolytic T cell. ...
Nature of The Immune System
Nature of The Immune System

... bluish-black granules in the cytoplasm. These granules are a source of mediators such as histamine (vasoactive amine that contracts smooth muscle) and ...
Lecture5- HOST PARASITE RELATIONSHIP
Lecture5- HOST PARASITE RELATIONSHIP

... multiplication by microorganisms without tissue destruction. b) Virulence is an ability to invade and destroy tissue to produce disease.(the degree of pathogenicity) Virulence is measured by the Lethal dose 50 (LD50) which is the number of organisms or mg. of toxins that will kill 50% of susceptible ...
Document
Document

... IL-29. These cytokines have similar gene organisation and bind to receptors of similar structure. However, they all display very different biological activities. Several immune cells produce IL-10 (see Figure 1) but production is also observed in epithelial cells, keratinocytes in the skin and some ...
Neuro-Regeneration
Neuro-Regeneration

... • Too often they get sick • Don’t remove their amalgams either when this is the situation- or they will get even sicker than they are ...
Prokaryotes
Prokaryotes

... From HIV to AIDS • During first few years (7-10) after HIV infection, person is usually asymptomatic. • During the symptomatic phase, the body has insufficient numbers of T-Cells (from normal 800-1200 /mm3 to 200/ mm3 ) to mount an immune response against infections. ...
Lecture 18
Lecture 18

... – Helps or “complements” the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens from an organism – It is part of the innate immune system that is not adaptable and does not change over the course of an individual's lifetime. – However, it can be recruited and brought into action by the ad ...
3. Immunology
3. Immunology

... As well as being in the plasma, IgA is the major immunoglobulin of the external secretory system and is found in saliva, tears, colostrum breast milk and in nasal, bronchial and intestinal secretions. IgA is present in large quantities in colostrum and breast milk and can be transferred across the g ...
Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Asexual Cell Division • Creates
Chapter 12: The Cell Cycle Asexual Cell Division • Creates

... o Growth Factors (50+ known)  Proteins released by group of cells that stimulate other cells to divide  Each cell type responds to different growth factors (or combos)  Many cells won’t divide undergo ideal conditions w/o growth factors  Platelet-derived Growth Factor (PDGF) stimulates division ...
Co-infection between tuberculosis and malaria : a consideration on
Co-infection between tuberculosis and malaria : a consideration on

CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSE
CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSE

... • Production of antibodies by B cell – B cell receptor = Ig molecule specific for non-self antigens • Cells with receptors for self antigens removed during development in bone marrow • Ig = IgD and IgM on naive B cells ...
Pathophysiology lecture
Pathophysiology lecture

... There are many treatments for allergy, including (obviously) avoidance of the substance to which the patient is allergic. Among these treatments are the administration of antihistamines, which either inhibit the production of histamine or block histamines at receptor sites. In cases of extreme aller ...
Chapter 15: Microbial Pathogenesis Microbial Pathogenesis II. Skin
Chapter 15: Microbial Pathogenesis Microbial Pathogenesis II. Skin

... protein). Some viruses irreversibly stop mitosis (herpes simplex virus). 2. Release oflysosomal of lysosomal enzymes enzymes,, resulting in cell death. 3. Inclusion bodies: bodies : Granules in cytoplasm or nuclei of infected cells. May contain viral parts. 4. Syncytium Syncytium:: Fusion of several ...
Immunology Notes (Ch 31)
Immunology Notes (Ch 31)

...  allergens = proteins on pollen, dust mites, in animal ...
1 - Wk 1-2
1 - Wk 1-2

... include C1 through C9, factors B, D, and P, plus several regulatory proteins. Complement provides a major mechanism for destroying foreign substances in the body. Its activation unleashes chemical mediators that amplify virtually all aspects of the inflammatory process. Another effect of complement ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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