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Innate Immunity
Innate Immunity

B cell
B cell

... - Memory cells: a subset of T cells and B cells that have been exposed to antigens and can then respond more readily when the immune system encounters those same antigens again. 3. Antigen-presenting cells, such as the macrophages and macrophagerelated cells play a very significant role in the induc ...
22. Immune System and the Body`s Defense
22. Immune System and the Body`s Defense

... must be presented. There are certain cells of the immune system that have the specific function of presenting antigen to helper and cytotoxic T-cells. These calls are called antigen-presenting cells (APCs), and they include dendritic cells, macrophages, and B-lymphocytes. However, you will soon lear ...
Tissue Histology
Tissue Histology

... In general, the genes and receptors in MHC classes I and II are extremely important in recognizing self and in regulating the immune response. The MHC genes of humans are inherited from among a large pool of genes, so the cells of each person can exhibit variability in the pattern of cell surface mo ...
Non Specific Host Defense Mechanisms
Non Specific Host Defense Mechanisms

... • Save surrounding cells; spread inhibited • Not specific, but species (animal) specific c ont ...
Az immunológia tárgya az immunrendszer működése
Az immunológia tárgya az immunrendszer működése

... a complex of 9 polypeptides ( 3 li, 3 α and 3 β subunits). This complex is transported into the lysosomes. • Endocytosed antigens are digested in the lysosomes. li is also digested, its last peptide, „clip” is exchanged to a foreign epitope with the help of DM, an MHClike protein. • „Empty” and misf ...
Chapter 35
Chapter 35

... 1. Identify and describe the features that allow microorganisms to overcome host resistance and immunity 2. Discuss the strategies microorganisms have evolved to exploit human cells and tissues as resources for their survival 3. Compare the molecular mechanisms by which microorganisms adhere to and ...
LACZIK_Pharmacology - 4 practice
LACZIK_Pharmacology - 4 practice

chapter 4 an introduction to cell structure and host
chapter 4 an introduction to cell structure and host

... • Pathogens can attack the cilia and destroy their trapping capability. • In some respiratory diseases, such as pertussis (whooping cough), the pathogens (in this case Bordetella pertussis) attach to host ciliated cells as an initial part of the infection. ...
Defences: the immune system
Defences: the immune system

... These include killer cells which destroy target cells (such as virus infected cells or cancer cells), helper cells which assist the production of plasma cells from B cells, and memory cells ready for a rapid future response. Memory cells make a second immune response much more rapid and can prevent ...
robarts research retreat abstract submission form
robarts research retreat abstract submission form

... Cancer immunotherapy is an emerging research area that uses one’s own immune system to combat cancer. An example involves the ex vivo preparation and loading of antigen presenting cells (APC) with tumor-specific antigen (TSA) to create a cancer vaccine. TSA-loaded APC must track to secondary lymphoi ...
Chapter 4. Immune responses to foreign antigens
Chapter 4. Immune responses to foreign antigens

... exposure to an antigen. The system's ability to make antibodies to the particular antigen can also be specifically switched off, which is called the induction of tolerance to the antigen. A third possibility is that there can be no impact on the immune system, which occurs if the applied perturbatio ...
1 |Recombinant Human IL
1 |Recombinant Human IL

I. Introduction to class - Los Angeles Mission College
I. Introduction to class - Los Angeles Mission College

...  Myasthenia gravis:  Progressive muscle weakness. Antibodies block acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular synapse.  Affects 25,000 Americans (mainly women).  Today most patients survive when treated with drugs or immunosuppressants. ...
FIB KC Lymphocytes-Immunity
FIB KC Lymphocytes-Immunity

FIB KC Lymphocytes-Immunity
FIB KC Lymphocytes-Immunity

...  Large lymphocytes are thought to be less mature  Have more _________________ that is sky blue  Gradually develop into small lymphocytes ...
link to lecture - Welcome to brd4.braude.ac.il!
link to lecture - Welcome to brd4.braude.ac.il!

... Complex coacervation is a mild process that does not damage the bioactivity of cytokines, antigens or peptides. Ge/CS MS are biodegradable and can be digested by proteases in the extracellular matrix and in the lysosomes of professional APC. ...
Tuberculosis tricks the body`s immune system to allow it to spread
Tuberculosis tricks the body`s immune system to allow it to spread

... ability of mycobacteria to retain dye when treated with mineral acid or an acid-alcohol solution such as the ZiehlNeelsen, or the Kinyoun stains that are carbolfuchsin methods specific for M. tuberculosis. Credit: public domain ...
中六生物科教材
中六生物科教材

Janeway`s Immunology
Janeway`s Immunology

... Ig molecules that can be used as reagents to analyze the structure and function of the Ig molecules. To obtain an anti-antibody response, it is necessary that the Ig molecules used to immunize an animal be recognized in whole or in part as foreign. The simplest approach is to immunize an animal of o ...
Chapter 14 - Lymphatic System and Immunity 14.1 Introduction (p
Chapter 14 - Lymphatic System and Immunity 14.1 Introduction (p

chapter 14-disease - Woodland Christian School
chapter 14-disease - Woodland Christian School

through “Pattern recognition”
through “Pattern recognition”

... phase. Secretion of early IFN produces an autocrine response through stimulation of the JAK-STAT pathway. Among the pathway’s target genes is IRF7, itself. (c) Delayed early (amplification) phase. Many members of the IFN-a gene family possess promoter binding sites for activated IRF7 and become tran ...
Chapter 16 - Lymphatic System and Immunity
Chapter 16 - Lymphatic System and Immunity

... A transplant recipient's immune system may react with foreign antigens on the surface of the transplanted tissue, causing a tissue rejection reaction. ...
The immune system
The immune system

... presentation to T cells  provokes cellular immune response  2 major populations of T cells (based on which of 2 surface proteins a mature T cell displays:; both  memory cells: 1. CD4 = helper T cells: TH ...
< 1 ... 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 ... 514 >

Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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