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Presentation
Presentation

... Sources and Impacts of Emerging Contaminants Nancy Denslow, Ph.D. Center for Environmental and Human Toxicology, UF ...
Adapative Immune Response
Adapative Immune Response

... › B cells undergo developmental stages in bone marrow › T cells go through process in thymus ...
Chapter 18
Chapter 18

... • B cells are the basic component of the humoral immune system. • For a B cell to differentiate into a plasma cell, it must bind an antigenic determinant. • A helper T cell (TH) must also bind the same determinant as it is presented by an antigenpresenting cell. • Cellular division and differentiati ...
microbiology ch 12 [9-4
microbiology ch 12 [9-4

Immune System - Trimble County Schools
Immune System - Trimble County Schools

... • These circulate through the body and detect abnormal cells (virus and cancer) • They release chemicals leading to cell death, inhibiting the spread of virally infected or cancerous cells • Many cellular innate defenses involve the lymphatic system ...
Acting Out the Immune Response
Acting Out the Immune Response

APS1APS2. ppt - Trak.mcmaster.ca
APS1APS2. ppt - Trak.mcmaster.ca

... AIRE gene • Encodes a 545 amino acid protein • Missense mutations clustered in 3 regions: – HSR region: dimerization – SAND domain: DNA binding – PHD domains: ?E3 ubiquitin ligase ...
Microbiology - Las Positas College
Microbiology - Las Positas College

... Endotoxins  Bacterial cell death, antibiotics, and antibodies may cause the release of endotoxins.  Endotoxins cause fever (by inducing the release of interleukin-1) and shock (because of a TNF-induced decrease in blood pressure).  TNF release also allows bacteria to cross BBB. ...
ReadingGuideAdaptiveImmune(CH15) 7e
ReadingGuideAdaptiveImmune(CH15) 7e

... begin to think about what happens when you have a bacterial infection. For instance, if you got a bacterial infection as a result of cutting your finger, what aspects of the innate and adaptive immune response will be working to help protect you and to initiate the immune response? What if you got a ...
ReadingGuide(CH16)
ReadingGuide(CH16)

... begin to think about what happens when you have a bacterial infection. For instance, if you got a bacterial infection as a result of cutting your finger, what aspects of the innate and adaptive immune response will be working to help protect you and to initiate the immune response? What is you got t ...
Cell Structure & Function
Cell Structure & Function

... Light microscopes can resolve structures that are 200nm apart. Electron microscopes can resolve structures that are 0.2nm apart. ...
The Immune System
The Immune System

... • Dead skin cells can be found on our sheets, pillows, clothes, and even in the dust particles that form in our homes. • Dead skin cells are broken down by dust mites, which are microscopic parasites that live on our skin, hair, and eyelashes. ...
Diseases of the Immune System
Diseases of the Immune System

... • Sub-Sahara Africa contains 68% of the AIDS population ...
Immune Responses to Extracellular Bacteria Infection by
Immune Responses to Extracellular Bacteria Infection by

... The innate immune system lacks the specificity of the adaptive (Specific) immune system. However, the innate immune system can distinguish between self and non-self. ...
Targeted Fluorescent Reporters: Additional slides
Targeted Fluorescent Reporters: Additional slides

...  How does CD4 normally function? It stabilizes the interaction of a HT cell with another cell called an antigen-presenting cell (APC) and this increases the stimulation of cytotoxic T cells and B cells in the immune response. HIV weakens this stability so less stimulation occurs.  Why not does add ...
Transplantation Immunology October 1st, 2003 HHSC 401 Outline
Transplantation Immunology October 1st, 2003 HHSC 401 Outline

... Types of Grafts • Autologous (self) • e.g., BM, peripheral blood stem cells, skin, bone • Syngeneic (identical twin) • Allogeneic (another human except identical twin) ...
Haemolytic Anaemias due to Extrinsic Factors
Haemolytic Anaemias due to Extrinsic Factors

... can pass the placental barrier and react with fetal red cell antigens, more commonly with antigens in the ABO and Rh systems.  ABO HDN occur in blood group O+ mothers who have in their sera immune anti-A & anti-B antibodies and carry a blood group A , B or AB fetus, the disease is most commonly mil ...
Adverse Effects
Adverse Effects

... peripheral edema and pleural or pericardial effusions. Allergic reactions may occur but are infrequent. Spleenomegaly is a rare but serious complication of the use of GM-CSF. ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... People with more severe cases of the disease can be treated with a bone marrow transplant. This procedure provides the patient with healthy red blood cells from a donor, ideally from a sibling ...
elisa
elisa

... Cancer Infectious Diseases Inflammatory disease ...
Retroviral TCR gene transduction: 2A for two NEWS AND VIEWS
Retroviral TCR gene transduction: 2A for two NEWS AND VIEWS

... development. Receptors and ligands that mediate T cell–antigen recognition are remarkable because of their staggering diversity. Thus, a defining breakthrough in T-cell immunology was the generation of transgenic mice whose T cells all carry the same antigen receptor1, thereby fixing the ‘receptor s ...
How the Viruses Can Evade Host Defense Mechanisms
How the Viruses Can Evade Host Defense Mechanisms

... antigens. Other pathogens camouflage themselves by mimicking the surfaces of host cells, either by expressing molecules with amino acid sequences similar to those of host cell-membrane molecules or by acquiring a covering of host membrane molecules. Some pathogens are able to suppress the immune res ...
Chapter 12
Chapter 12

... Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) is a congenital disease in which individuals lack functional T and B cells and cannot mount an antibody- or CMI-response. Death is a certainty, resulting from repeated infections. This disorder is commonly known as “bubble boy disease,” because infants born wit ...
Chapter 1: Abstract
Chapter 1: Abstract

... The immune response to some pathogenic microorganisms fails to protect the individual from severe infection and disease. Subsets of lymphocytes play a role in the outcome of an infection, particularly two subsets of T cells, called T-helper ( TH1 and TH2) lymphocytes. When preferentially stimulated, ...
Pegylated Arginase I Blunts T Cell Function Through Inhibition of... Development Abstract Paul Kepper, Paul Thevenot, Ph.D, Audrey Lemoine, Paulo Rodriguez, Ph.D
Pegylated Arginase I Blunts T Cell Function Through Inhibition of... Development Abstract Paul Kepper, Paul Thevenot, Ph.D, Audrey Lemoine, Paulo Rodriguez, Ph.D

... disease in mice undergoing mismatched bone marrow transplantation (1). Additional results indicated that PEG-Arg I therapies induced the accumulation of MDSCs, suggesting that PEG-Arg I blocked T cell responses mainly through MDSC promotion (2). However, the specific effect of L-Arg starvation in th ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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