Download Presentation

Sources and Impacts of
Emerging Contaminants
Nancy Denslow, Ph.D.
Center for Environmental and
Human Toxicology, UF
Relationship between ECs and
EDCs
„
„
„
„
Emerging contaminants may have different
modes of action
Some may target the endocrine system
It is important to determine not only the
presence of the contaminants – but also that
they cause biological effects in aquatic
species
It is important to determine whether the
contaminants target growth, reproduction
and susceptibility to disease
Biomarkers
Irreversible
50
n
it o
a
l
u
p
Po
ue
ol
ec
ul
ar
100
Ti
ss
M
Percent Measured Effect
Reversible
0
nM
uM
mM
Concentration of Toxicant
Systems Toxicology
Toxicant
Phenotypic
Anchoring
Omics
Databases
Profiling
Transcriptomics
Proteomics
Metabolomics
Histopathology
Reproduction
Growth
Survival
Behavior changes
Absorption, distribution
Metabolism, excretion
Toxicology
Database
Computational
Analysis
Systems
Toxicology
Effect of EDCs on Reproductive
Endpoints with High Ecological Value
EDC
Genetics
Food
Egg number
Energy
Level
Population
Age
Field study
X
Location of sites
z no diff in behavior
z aggressive behavior
z feminized behavior
Arrows point direction relative to
sewage treatment facility
13
3
11
12
7
Analysis by
microarray
Fish ±
Æ organ Æ total RNA Æ cDNA Æ array
treatment
Control
20 ng/L E2
100 ng/L E2
Liver
Field Sites
Gene expression
profiles P<0.01
Gonad
Gonad
Biological Processes up-regulated
site #12 vs site #11
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Ras protein signal transduction
female meiosis I
acetylcholine receptor signaling
activation of JNKK activity
cholesterol absorption
lipid digestion
intestinal absorption
sensory perception of taste
cell communication
male meiosis
signal transduction
activation of MAPKK activity
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
mitotic spindle checkpoint
regulation of protein kinase activ
regulation of transferase activity
glutathione biosynthesis/metabol
phototransduction, visible light
I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB casc
detection of visible light
negative regulation of protein kin
negative regulation of transferase
protein kinase cascade
neural crest cell migr/develop/diff
aromatic amino acid family metab
Gonad
Biological Processes down-regulated
site #12 vs site #11
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
10
11
13
17
18
innate immune response
response to stress
cellular physiological process
complement activation, alternative
iron ion homeostasis
transition metal ion homeostasis
cation homeostasis
pre-replicative complex formation
UDP-galactose transport
embryonic genitalia morphogenes
regulation of transcription
complement activation
19
21
22
23
26
27
28
39
45
57
69
70
nucleotide-excision repair
female meiosis chrom segregation
reg. insulin receptor signaling
regulation of cellular metabolism
immune response
response to wounding
cell proliferation
endoderm formation
embryonic development
regulation of cell growth
nitric oxide metabolism
genitalia development
Conclusions
„
„
„
Exposure of FHM for 48 hr to effluent is
sufficient to get gene expression
changes
Changes in profiles suggest that fish
could be adversely affected.
A more thorough investigation of site
#12 should be enacted to determine
risk to aquatic organisms