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Immune System
Immune System

... When performing emergency laryngoscopy and intubation,the attendance of an otolaryngologist is mandatory should a tracheostomy be necessary OR, is the best place for airway instrumentation, this may not always possible. ...
Immunology Worksheet Allergy
Immunology Worksheet Allergy

Chapter14 T cell med..
Chapter14 T cell med..

... • Dual recognition: CDR1, CDR2 recognize MHC-αhelix, CDR3 recognizes Ag peptide. • MHC restriction ...
Document
Document

... phagolysosome, this is where the bacteria is degraded. e. When the bacteria is degraded it produces peptides that are transferred to MHC class II molecules. f. MHC class II molecules give the macrophage the ability to present these peptides on its surface to activate T cells g. Macrophages are impor ...
Specific Cellular Defences - Smithycroft Secondary School
Specific Cellular Defences - Smithycroft Secondary School

... I can state that one group of T-lymphocytes destroy infected cells by inducing apoptosis. Another group of T-lymphocytes secrete cytokines that activate B lymphocytes and phagocytes. When pathogens infect tissue, some phagocytes capture the pathogen and display fragments of its antigens on their sur ...
L S B D
L S B D

...  Slightly different biological roles  Antibodies can function through: ...
Historical Perspectives (cont.)
Historical Perspectives (cont.)

... during early lymphoid maturation resulting in tolerance. ...
more information about Human GM-CSF (rec
more information about Human GM-CSF (rec

... Recombinant Human GM-CSF Description: Recombinant human Granulocyte Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (GMCSF), a 14.5 kDa protein consisting of 127 amino acid residues (Ala18-Glu144), is a potent species specific stimulator of bone marrow cells and several other cell types. GM-CSF was initially c ...
Microbiology 221
Microbiology 221

... 1 ds circular DNA( may be more than one and also may be linear) ...
Immune System Interactive Physiology Worksheets
Immune System Interactive Physiology Worksheets

... 6. Our bodies make approximately _________________different types of lymphocyte antigen receptors. With only 25,000 different genes in our body, how can so many antigen receptors be made? • ____________________________________________ 7. Receptors have two regions. The _____________region is the sam ...
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59 immunology structure and function of immune system

... as suppressive Tcells, can actively inhibit the actions of other T-cells through the secretion of suppressive cytokines. In the case of B-cells, they differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibody. This process is normally triggered by antigen binding and helper T-cell activity. These plasma ...
the immune system - lpvec
the immune system - lpvec

... • The DNA uses the machinery inside the living cell to reproduce new virus particles. Eventually the hijacked cell dies and bursts, freeing the new virus particles; or the viral particles may bud off of the cell so it remains alive. In either case, the cell is a factory for the virus. ...
Document
Document

... phagolysosome, this is where the bacteria is degraded. e. When the bacteria is degraded it produces peptides that are transferred to MHC class II molecules. f. MHC class II molecules give the macrophage the ability to present these peptides on its surface to activate T cells g. Macrophages are impor ...
Ch36-Immune_system
Ch36-Immune_system

... or memory B-cells. Plasma cells rapidly produce antibodies. Memory cells retain the “memory” of the invader and remain ready to divide rapidly if an invasion occurs again. ...
LACZIK_Pharmacology - 3.practice
LACZIK_Pharmacology - 3.practice

... of 57 million annual deaths worldwide are the direct result of infectious disease. Figures published by the World Health Organization (see http://www.who.int/whr/en and ref.7). ...
HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS The immune system is required
HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS The immune system is required

... damage. Second, the immune responses may be directed against self antigens, as a result of the failure of self-tolerance. Responses against self-antigens are termed autoimmunity, and disorders caused by such responses are called autoimmune diseases. Hypersensitivity reactions are classified into fou ...
White Blood Cells
White Blood Cells

... responsible for the specific immune response, meaning that they have memory and build up a vigorous response against toxins or microorganisms that the body has encountered before. The other agranulocyte is the monocyte, which is an immature form of the nonspecific macrophage. Lymphocytes Lymphocytes ...
Immune System Basics - Wayzata Public Schools
Immune System Basics - Wayzata Public Schools

... Leukocytes are produced in the bone marrow ...
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... T- and B-cells are highly specialized defender cells - different groups of cells are tailored to different germs. When your body is infected with a particular germ, only the T- and Bcells that recognize it will respond. These selected cells then quickly multiply, creating an army of identical cells ...
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... MHC – Major histocompatibility complex HLA – Human leukocyte antigen ...
CHAPTER 15 CELL INTERACTIONS IN HUMORAL RESPONSES
CHAPTER 15 CELL INTERACTIONS IN HUMORAL RESPONSES

... The generation of immune responses generally requires the participation of three classes of lymphoid cells, an antigen-presenting cell (APC), a helper cell and an effector cell. We have seen one example of this in the generation of cell-mediated immunity outlined in Chapter 12; in that case the APC ...
Chapter 22 The Lymphatic System, Nonspecific Resistance to
Chapter 22 The Lymphatic System, Nonspecific Resistance to

... Immunity - General 1) Cell-mediated immune (CMI) ...
Chapter 9. First symmetry
Chapter 9. First symmetry

... demonstrating at a theoretical level that the connections can have functional consequences. Richter's theory adopted from Jerne the assumed asymmetry in V-V interactions. The next step was to question that assumption, and the discovery that without it a more powerful theory can be constructed. The a ...
Chapter 9
Chapter 9

... demonstrating at a theoretical level that the connections can have functional consequences. Richter's theory adopted from Jerne the assumed asymmetry in V-V interactions. The next step was to question that assumption, and the discovery that without it a more powerful theory can be constructed. The a ...
SpecificDefensessimple version
SpecificDefensessimple version

... antibodies called plasma cells. Antibodies are found in ECF (blood plasma, lymph, mucus, etc.) and the surface of B cells. Defense against pathogen/toxins before they enter cells. Also cause certain reactions against transplanted tissue. ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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