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Epithelial barrier and dendritic cell function in the intestinal mucosa
Epithelial barrier and dendritic cell function in the intestinal mucosa

CONTROLLING Pseudomonas aeruginosa BIOFILMS
CONTROLLING Pseudomonas aeruginosa BIOFILMS

... encodes a new penicillin binding protein (PBP), which has a low affinity to β-lactams [13]. Vancomycin is still an effective antimicrobial agent to treat MRSA [12, 15, 16]. However, the elevated usage of this agent has caused other species, e.g. Enterococci, to be vancomycinresistant [13]. P. aerugi ...
FUNCTIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF EXOSOMES
FUNCTIONS AND APPLICATIONS OF EXOSOMES

... been described. In vivo, exosomes are found to be present in many biological fluids like: synovial fluid, breast milk, blood, urine and saliva, amniotic liquid and malignant effusions of ascites. In blood serum, exosomes are almost present in a quantity of 3,000,000 per microliter (17). The first re ...
HEVs, lymphatics and homeostatic immune cell trafficking in lymph
HEVs, lymphatics and homeostatic immune cell trafficking in lymph

Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, 11e

... Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
Human platelets and their capacity of binding viruses: meaning and
Human platelets and their capacity of binding viruses: meaning and

... hypertension. Indirect evidence supports also the hypothesis of bone marrow suppression by HCV, partly mediated by a reduction of thrombopoetin (TPO) production due to liver cirrhosis and/or fibrosis [29-31]. However, in HCV infection, the virus itself or other mechanisms can also lead to low platel ...
Beta – Lactam Antibiotics
Beta – Lactam Antibiotics

Cell Systems to Investigate the Impact of Polyphenols on
Cell Systems to Investigate the Impact of Polyphenols on

... fibrinolytic factors are constant in interaction with each other—and oxidative damage, there is a need to develop and validate markers of enhanced function and disease risk reduction that are sensitive to dietary changes. More and more studies also indicate that the state of low-grade inflammation, ...
HIV persistence in the testis?
HIV persistence in the testis?

O A Immunophenotyping of Lymphocyte Subpopulations and pre-inflammatory mediators in neonatal sepsis
O A Immunophenotyping of Lymphocyte Subpopulations and pre-inflammatory mediators in neonatal sepsis

... on peripheral blood derived T cells, monocytes, and NK cells was recently found in neonates with sepsis [25]. Adults with severe sepsis showed an increase in NK cells, which provided a survival benefit [7]. NK cells are both targets of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) action and producers of IFN-γ, and it h ...
Final Program - Cancer Research Institute
Final Program - Cancer Research Institute

... (APCs) responsible for restricted T cell responses directed at a tumor target. Antigen delivery to APCs will result in antigen processing and the presentation of peptides on major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules to T cells expressing the cognate TCR. However, activation of those T cells r ...
Murine gammaherpesvirus-68 productively infects immature
Murine gammaherpesvirus-68 productively infects immature

... After 24 h, cells were infected with a recombinant cHV-68 that expressed eGFP under control of the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) promoter (cHV-eGFP). Cells were harvested 24 h later and stained with allophycocyanin (APC)-conjugated anti-CD11c mAb (a DC cell-surface marker) and PE-conjugated anti-CD86 ...
Gut Microbiota_ The Conductor in the Orchestra of Immune
Gut Microbiota_ The Conductor in the Orchestra of Immune

... contrast, the diversity at the genus and species levels is enormous. Advances in metagenomic approaches helped to illustrate that despite the variation in species composition, the microbial communities encompass a relatively similar set of metabolic functions in healthy individuals, which are referr ...
Characterization of extracellular and surface bound adherence
Characterization of extracellular and surface bound adherence

... The course of an infection is a multifactorial process. The first step after invasion is bacterial adhesion. Specific binding proteins are expressed on the cell surface of S. aureus with ability to bind different matrix proteins e.g. fibronectin, fibrinogen, collagen, laminin and vitronectin. Immuni ...
Sleep, the Immune System and the Common Cold
Sleep, the Immune System and the Common Cold

... secrete pro-inflammatory cytokines which support the innate immune response against foreign cells and toxins. Th2 cells, on the other hand, generally produce more anti-inflammatory cytokines and support an adaptive immune response. The adaptive response includes the production of antibodies by B cel ...
Interaction between a Cationic Surfactant
Interaction between a Cationic Surfactant

Filip Čulo
Filip Čulo

... transferred cells their homing in lymphoid tissues of recipients is needed (79). Especial attention he called to investigation of positive action of cyclophosphamide in model of adoptive immunochemotherapy malignant tumors. With collaborators he showed that tumor cells which escape the direct killi ...
Responses of Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells to Pathogens
Responses of Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cells to Pathogens

... inadequate/too low, contamination of the endometrium with specific pathogens may persist. If full clearance of pathogens does not occur, the inflammation will continue and cause endometritis (Chapwanya et al., 2009). When the immune response is appropriate, clearance of pathogens normally occurs dur ...
Fc lessons from murine mercury-induced autoimmunity. -receptors in systemic autoimmune conditions -
Fc lessons from murine mercury-induced autoimmunity. -receptors in systemic autoimmune conditions -

... heritability for most of the autoimmune diseases in monozygotic twins is less than 50%, indicating that the induction of autoimmunity must be influenced by environmental factors as well [2]. This has been shown to be the case with environmental factors like infections, drugs, toxic oils, pristane an ...
ADCC_Final Layout.qxd - Autoimmune Disease Research Center
ADCC_Final Layout.qxd - Autoimmune Disease Research Center

... epidemiology studies; novel high throughput assays; and clearly defined clinical phenotypes of autoimmune diseases. This developmental process ...
Investigations on immune sensing of Staphylococcus aureus in
Investigations on immune sensing of Staphylococcus aureus in

... innate immune system, so called Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing proteins (NODs). These receptors are expressed almost ubiquitously on and inside of several cells types, e.g. epithelial and immune cells. They are able to recognize distinct and highl ...
Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of
Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of

... protozoa, which may result from its functional significance. Correlation between mechanism of action and role in diseases reveals that MIF is in a cytokine network not only as an effector molecular but also as a proinflammatory mediator and serves as a potential therapeutic target [34]. The presence o ...
Primary Sjo¨gren`s syndrome: current and emergent
Primary Sjo¨gren`s syndrome: current and emergent

Experimental Biology and Medicine
Experimental Biology and Medicine

... Expression of specific adhesion molecules or other proteins by the injured lung may be important for the recruitment of cells.10,11 Next, we detected the expression of SDF-1, a ligand of CXCR4, in lung tissues. The results showed that the expression of SDF-1 significantly increased in OVA-induced asth ...
Progression of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Progression of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma

... CD8+ proportions (figure 5). Lately, regulatory T cells have gained attention for their function in suppressing immune responses. Many cancers have been shown to display higher proportions of CD4+CD25+ regulatory cells which are thought to down-regulate the anti-tumour response 27, 28. In invasive S ...
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Molecular mimicry

Molecular mimicry is defined as the theoretical possibility that sequence similarities between foreign and self-peptides are sufficient to result in the cross-activation of autoreactive T or B cells by pathogen-derived peptides. Despite the promiscuity of several peptide sequences which can be both foreign and self in nature, a single antibody or TCR (T cell receptor) can be activated by even a few crucial residues which stresses the importance of structural homology in the theory of molecular mimicry. Upon the activation of B or T cells, it is believed that these ""peptide mimic"" specific T or B cells can cross-react with self-epitopes, thus leading to tissue pathology (autoimmunity). Molecular mimicry is a phenomenon that has been just recently discovered as one of several ways in which autoimmunity can be evoked. A molecular mimicking event is, however, more than an epiphenomenon despite its low statistical probability of occurring and these events have serious implications in the onset of many human autoimmune disorders. In the past decade the study of autoimmunity, the failure to recognize self antigens as ""self,"" has grown immensely. Autoimmunity is a result of a loss of immunological tolerance, the ability for an individual to discriminate between self and non-self. Growth in the field of autoimmunity has resulted in more and more frequent diagnosis of autoimmune diseases. Consequently, recent data show that autoimmune diseases affect approximately 1 in 31 people within the general population. Growth has also led to a greater characterization of what autoimmunity is and how it can be studied and treated. With an increased amount of research, there has been tremendous growth in the study of the several different ways in which autoimmunity can occur, one of which is molecular mimicry. The mechanism by which pathogens have evolved, or obtained by chance, similar amino acid sequences or the homologous three-dimensional crystal structure of immunodominant epitopes remains a mystery.
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