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The Respiratory System
The Respiratory System

... – the respiratory bronchioles and alveoli Are air-filled pockets within the lungs • where all gas exchange takes place ...
Summary of the structures, which have to be known by dentistry
Summary of the structures, which have to be known by dentistry

... THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE ANATOMY-1 EXAM FOR DENTISTRY STUDENTS (Set up by dr. Tibor Hollósy, approved by dr. Pál Tóth) ...
Body Systems Quiz Part TWO
Body Systems Quiz Part TWO

... 8. The __________________ system works with the ____________________ system, by producing hormones to control the growth of bones in the body. a. Nervous; muscular b. Nervous; skeletal c. Endocrine; nervous d. Endocrine; skeletal 9. This system transports oxygen, waste, nutrients, hormones, and heat ...
the Note
the Note

... of sponge can regenerate into an entire new organism. These organisms are asymmetrical, have no tissue, no coelom and no through-gut. Phylum Cnidaria The organisms of this phylum are the simplest animals with tissues. It takes on two forms: polyps, e.g. hydra, corals, and sea anemones and medusas, e ...
Platyhelminthes - Formatted
Platyhelminthes - Formatted

... canal is the parenchymatous tissue which are loose connective-tissue cells that act as a packing material. Its fluid filled spaces provide turgidity to maintain the body form. It contains free wandering amoeboid cells that remain in the formative state. These formative cells bring about regeneration ...
Glossary - Zoology
Glossary - Zoology

... Tissue Types: A group of cells of the same type performing the same function within the body. Connective T.: Connects and surrounds other tissues and whose cells are embedded in collagen matrix (large amount of intercellular space filled with viscous solutions). Epithelial T.: (Gk. epi, on; thele, n ...
phylum Porifera
phylum Porifera

... elements (spicules), spongin fibers which act as a flexible skeleton, and amoeboid cells which move about the mesohyl carrying out various functions. Although there are specialized cells in each layer, none of these layers is considered to be a true tissue. The functionally different cell types foun ...
The Internal Environment of Animals
The Internal Environment of Animals

... Animal form and function are correlated at all levels of organization For animals, as for other multicellular organisms, having many cells facilitates specialization. For example, a hard outer covering helps protect against predators, and large muscles facilitate rapid escape. In a multicellular bod ...
Development of the Mesodermal Organs in Vertebrates
Development of the Mesodermal Organs in Vertebrates

... Blood vessels form from aggregations of mesenchyme cells, called angioblasts. The angioblasts form a thin epithelium surrounding a cavity (which is the future lumen of the blood vessel). This epithelium becomes the endothelium of the blood vessel; the outer layers of the blood vessels are added much ...
DISSECTION OF A FROG
DISSECTION OF A FROG

... Air is drawn into the mouth by expansion of the throat. The external nares close, then the throat muscles contract and air is forced into the lungs through the glottis. Air is expelled as the nares remain closed, the throat expands, and the air enters the mouth again from the lungs. The glottis clos ...
Mucles of the Leg * I included spinal levels
Mucles of the Leg * I included spinal levels

...  Divide the muscles into those that do plantar flexion and those that do dorsiflexion  Look at the spinal levels and actions of the tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior muscles  Note that the popliteus muscle is located just posterior to the knee, while the other muscles are along the shafts ...
Invertebrate Lab II Learning Objectives
Invertebrate Lab II Learning Objectives

... 5. Notice the eyes on either side-they are well developed and allow the squid to have excellent vision 6. Distinguish between the tentacles and the arms. The tentacles are longer and are used to pass food to the arms. 7. Count the number of arms. How many are there? ___________ 8. Notice the suction ...
Kingdom Animalia pp
Kingdom Animalia pp

... Two way, one opening digestive tract (pharynx, mouth and anus all the same place) ...
PDF - Anatomy Journal of Africa
PDF - Anatomy Journal of Africa

... found in the GP and GDP respectively. The branches of left and right gastric vessels were also found in the superior aspect of GP ligament, the splenic artery also run in the inferior aspect of the GP ligament. Portal triad is mainly contained within the hepatoduodenal ligament but in this case the ...
Female Pelvic Anatomy - University of Baghdad
Female Pelvic Anatomy - University of Baghdad

... anus. The cone is about 4.5 cm high and its base, which forms part of the perineum, is approximately 4 cm in diameter. Anteriorally it fuses with the vaginal wall, the superficial transverse perineal muscles, the perineal membrane and the levator ani muscles insert into it. The perineal body also af ...
y - كلية طب الاسنان
y - كلية طب الاسنان

... The superior laryngeal nerve passes downward and forward deep to the internal and external carotid arteries, and appears in the carotid triangle where it divides into internal and external laryngeal nerves. The internal laryngeal nerve is a thick branch, essentially sensory, pierces the thyrohyoid m ...
Q7 Describe the anatomy of the antecubital fossa
Q7 Describe the anatomy of the antecubital fossa

... Brachial  artery  –  bifurcates  into  the  radial  and  ulnar  arteries  at  the  apex  of  the  fossa   Biceps  tendon   Radial  nerve  –  not  strictly  in  the  fossa  but  is  in  the  vicinity,  passing  underneath  brachioradia ...
Digestive system and Body Cavities
Digestive system and Body Cavities

... Pleura – serosa of lungs and pleural cavities Pericardium – serosa of heart and pericardial cavity Peritoneum – serosa of organs of the abdominopelvic or peritoneal cavity Mesentery – bilayer of serosa extending from body wall to organ or from organ to organ serves as a conduit for blood vessels and ...
Phylum Lab - National Aquarium
Phylum Lab - National Aquarium

... The Phylum Porifera consists only of sponges, which is unique since these animals are entirely aquatic; with 98% found only in marine environments and a small percentage found in freshwater lakes and streams. Sponges are considered the oldest and of the animal phyla. Translated from Latin, Porifera ...
Understanding Our Environment - McGraw Hill Higher Education
Understanding Our Environment - McGraw Hill Higher Education

... half that are mirror images of each other.  Allows different organs to be located in different parts of the body.  Allows for more efficient movement.  Allows for cephalization - evolution of definite head and brain area. Johnson - The Living World: 3rd Ed. - All Rights Reserved - McGraw Hill Com ...
unilateral tensor fascia suralis: a case report
unilateral tensor fascia suralis: a case report

... Anatomical variations in the muscle are commonly encountered which may be due to embryological errors or due to genetic predisposition. We present a case study of an anomalous muscle in the popliteal fossa on the left side of a 65-year old Asian male cadaver in the anatomy lab during routine dissect ...
Intro to Invertebrates
Intro to Invertebrates

... a. Unlike the flatworms, the roundworms have a body cavity with internal organs. b. A roundworm has a complete digestive system, which includes both a mouth and an anus. They also include a large digestive organ known as the gut. c. Roundworms also have a simple nervous system with a primitive brain ...
Mammal review Image from:  -zoo.org/featured/featured.asp?page=wc
Mammal review Image from: -zoo.org/featured/featured.asp?page=wc

... Cecum ...
Mammal review
Mammal review

... Cecum ...
Protochordata
Protochordata

...  Urochordata is the term used to refer to the presence of a notochord in the tail region, (uro=a tail; chorde=cord).  The notochord is restricted to the tail region of the larval forms of urochordates and is absent in the adults.  Tunicata is the other name of this subphylum Urochordata, due to t ...
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Anatomy



Anatomy is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. In some of its facets, anatomy is related to embryology and comparative anatomy, which itself is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny. Human anatomy is one of the basic essential sciences of medicine.The discipline of anatomy is divided into macroscopic and microscopic anatomy. Macroscopic anatomy, or gross anatomy, is the examination of an animal’s body parts using unaided eyesight. Gross anatomy also includes the branch of superficial anatomy. Microscopic anatomy involves the use of optical instruments in the study of the tissues of various structures, known as histology and also in the study of cells.The history of anatomy is characterized by a progressive understanding of the functions of the organs and structures of the human body. Methods have also improved dramatically, advancing from the examination of animals by dissection of carcasses and cadavers (corpses) to 20th century medical imaging techniques including X-ray, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging.
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