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Mammal review
Image from: http://www.dallas-zoo.org/featured/featured.asp?page=wc
Order of mammals which includes
humans.
Primates
In carnivores these teeth are the largest
Incisors
canines
canines
premolars
molars
Process used by bats and cetaceans in
which high frequency sound waves are
bounced off objects to help in navigation.
echolocation
Flat sheet-like muscle located beneath the
ribcage which helps move air into and
out of the lungs.
diaphragm
This structure which receives
digestive & urinary waste as well as
sperm/eggs is MISSING in most
mammals (except monotremes)
cloaca
This portion of the brain which controls
higher level thinking and learning is larger
in mammals
cerebrum
Name 3 characteristics of mammals
Endothermic
Hair
4 chambered heart
Feed milk to young
Single lower jawbone
Specialized teeth
Most mammals belong to this group
Monotremes
Placental
Marsupials
Placental mammals
Reproductive structure that stores and
adds fluid to sperm in males.
Seminal vesicles
Aquatic, carnivorous,
flipper limbed mammals
including seals, walruses,
and sea lions are called
pinnipeds
_____________________
Mammals provide nourishment to their
developing embryos growing inside the
mother through this structure
placenta
These structures give mammals their name and
provide milk to nurse their young.
Mammary glands
How are the exit openings in the lower
body of a rat different from that of a
frog, turtle, or bird?
Amphibians, reptiles, and birds have only
ONE opening (vent). Digestive, excretory,
& reproductive all empty into cloaca and exit
through the same opening.
Mammals have separate openings.
Females have 3 (digestive, excretory, & reproductive)
Males have 2
(excretory and reproductive share one opening)
Thin plates made of keratin which hang from
the roof of the mouth in certain whales and
strain food from the water.
baleen
First chamber in the stomach of a cud-chewing
mammal like a cow which contains bacteria
to digest plants.
rumen
Mammals with hooves such as deer,
elk, zebras, and horses.
Ungulates
Bean shaped excretory organs which
remove urea from the blood
kidneys
Large sac that branches from the intestine in noncud chewers such as rabbits, horses, rodents,
and elephants which contains microorganisms
to digest plants.
cecum
Warm-blooded animals are called
endotherms
____________________
This animal belongs to
the group of mammals
with pouches called
______________
marsupials
Image from:
http://www.lth3.k12.il.us/tworivers/Pet%20Projects/steve/classifica
tion%20of%20animals%202/Page_39_Mammax.html
Excretory organ that is missing in birds,
but seen in mammals.
Urinary bladder
Male reproductive structure where
Sperm mature and grow tails.
epididymis
Female reproductive structure where
the embryo grows and is nourished by
a placenta
uterus
The only North American
marsupial is the
oppossum
___________________
Number of chambers in a mammalian heart.
four
Located near the liver this structure stores bile
in most mammals but is
Gall bladder
missing in RATS.
The organism (rat) pictured
belongs to this group of
mammals
Monotreme
marsupial
It is placental
placental
Whales, dolphins, and porpoises belong to this
order of mammals.
cetaceans
Name the characteristics of primates
Larger brain,
grasping hands,
forward facing eyes
fingernails instead of claws
Reproductive organ that makes
sperm.
testes
rumen
Cud-chewers have a _______________
Cecum
rumen
cloaca
Bats use this sense when
they navigate with echolocation.
hearing
One way you can tell a mammal fossil from
a reptile fossil is to look at the ____________
Jawbone (mammals have a single bone in lower jaw)
Teeth (mammals have specialized teeth based on diet)
Mammals are ____________________
Endothermic
Ectothermic
Endothermic
Structure near the liver which
produces trypsin used in
the small intestine to break proteins
pancreas
Air sacs in the lungs called _________________
alveoli
increase surface area and absorb more oxygen.
Mammals can be divided into 3 groups based on
their reproductive strategies.
Name the 3 kinds of mammals.
Egg layers (monotremes)
Carry babies in pouch (marsupials)
Nourish baby with placenta (placental)
placental
Humans are ____________________
mammals.
Monotreme
Marsupial
Placental
Name one of the two digestive parts seen in
plant eating mammals that contains
microorganisms for digesting plants.
Cecum
OR
Rumen
Digestive organ that absorbs
nutrients from food
Small intestine
The only flying mammals are __________
bats
Animals with a cloaca have a vent;
anus
organisms without a cloaca have an __________
Organ in males that transfers sperm to
the female reproductive tract
penis
Integumentary adaptation in
mammals to keep warm
Hair or fur
What’s special about a rat’s teeth that’s
different from ours?
Incisors grow continuously
Name the 3 parts of the small intestine
in order starting near the stomach.
Duodenum, jejunum, ileum
appendix
In humans the _________________
is
what is left of (vestigial) our cecum.
Monotremes
________________ are the only
mammals with a cloaca
large intestine
The ___________________
absorbs water
and concentrates digestive waste.
septum
The _______________
divides the lower
portion of a rat’s heart into two
ventricles.
Like birds and reptiles, mammals have
internal
______________
fertilization.
Internal
external
You would expect a mammal that is a plant
eater to have lots of teeth like these for
grinding their food.
incisors
canines
premolars
Molars – flat for grinding
molars
Reproductive organ that makes eggs
ovary
Type of coelom found in mammals
True coelom (coelomates)
deuterostomes
Mammals are ________________
protostomes
deuterostomes
Match the tube with its function
trachea
Carries air from glottis to bronchi _____________
Carries sperm from epididymis
to seminal vesicles __________________
Vas deferens
Carries eggs from ovary
to uterus _____________________________
Oviducts/fallopian tubes
Carries urine from bladder
to outside of body________________
urethra
Carries urine from kidney
to bladder _____________
ureter
Carries sperm from seminal vesicles
to outside of the body __________________
urethra
Non-cud chewers like horses,
rabbits, rodents, elephants have a
__________________
cecum
Cecum
rumen
cloaca
Mammals have a _____________
Urinary bladder
to store urine.
Match the MAMMAL body part with its
function
Makes digestive enzymes
pancreas & liver
for the small intestine _____________
Controls muscle
coordination _____________
cerebellum
Controls higher thinking
and learning
_________________
cerebrum
Coiled tubules where sperm
mature and grow tails _______________
epididymis
This part of the brain controls motor
coordination
cerebellum
This part of the brain controls the
internal organs.
Medulla oblongata
Match the mammal body part with its
function
bladder
Stores urine ______________
Muscular organ where
uterus
embryo develops _________________
Completes digestion &
Small intestine
absorbs nutrients ________________
Removes urea
kidneys
from blood
_____________
Mammary glands
Produce milk ______________
Which of the diagrams shows the kind
of circulatory system found in mammals?
4 chambers
2 loops
Images from: http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookTOC.html
Egg-laying mammals
like the platypus are in
the group of
mammals called
_______________
monotremes
Image from:
http://www.lth3.k12.il.us/tworivers/Pet%20Projects/steve/classifica
tion%20of%20animals%202/Page_39_Mammax.html
T or F
This animal has a cloaca.
True Egg laying mammals do.
Match the RAT body part with its function
trachea
Windpipe ______________
Pouch where microorganisms
cecum
help digest plant material __________
Makes bile for small intestine ___________
liver
1st chamber in the stomach
of a cud-chewer ________________
rumen
Collects & processes blood
spleen
removing worn out cells _____________
Flap of tissue that prevents food from
entering the trachea
epiglottis
Like bird feathers and turtle shells,
mammalian hair is made of the
keratin
protein called ______________.
Tell one way REPRODUCTION in rats is
different than in birds:
RATS
BIRDS
Separate reproductive exit
Viviparity
Embryos grow in uterus
Penis for depositing sperm
Mammary glands make milk for young
cloaca
oviparity
No uterus
no penis/ cloaca line up
No mammary glands
This organ stores digestive enzymes
in most mammals but is missing in rats.
Gall bladder
The name RODENTIA comes from the
To gnaw
Latin word meaning _______________.
Number of chambers in the
heart of a mammal
FOUR
2 atria; 2 ventricles
Tell one way REPRODUCTION in
monotremes is like that in
REPTILES.
Both lay eggs; have internal fertilization
TRUE or FALSE
The conus arteriosus and sinus venosus
are missing in mammalian hearts.
Yes they are missing
The largest part of a mammal brain is
cerebrum
the ________________
The cecum in mammals contains
A. acid to dissolve plants
B. microorganisms to break down cellulose
C. Bile to break down fats
D. Trypsin to break down proteins
B- Mammals don’t have the enzymes to digest
cellulose in plants, but bacteria do.
The salivary glands produce
amylase
________________
to start breaking down
starch into simple sugars.
Ungulates are mammals that
___________________
Have hooves
The scientific name for whiskers is
vibrissae
___________________
Another name for large intestine is
colon
________________
Name 2 of the functions of kidneys
Remove urea from blood
Produce urine
Regulate ion/water balance in blood/tissues
Just like in reptiles, birds, and amphibians,
the largest vein in mammals is the
Vena cava
_____________
The __________
side of the heart
left
carries high oxygen blood.
right
left
Arteries
_________________
are blood
vessels that carry blood away
from the heart.
arteries
veins
The largest artery is the ____________
aorta
Blood returning to the heart from the
lungs enters the _________________
Left atrium
How are ALVEOLI in lungs like
VILLI in the small intestine?
Both increase surface area
The flat grinding teeth located in the
back of the mouth are called
molars
________________
RATS belong to the
Animalia
Kingdom __________________
Phylum _________________
chordata
Subphylum ________________
Vertebrata
Class _____________
Mammalia
Order ______________
Rodentia
The opening for air is the ___________
glottis
Number of exit openings in mammalian
males
two
Which 2 body systems share an exit
opening in male mammals?
Excretory and reproductive
TRUE or FALSE
Red blood cells in mammals have nuclei
just like birds, frogs, and turtles.
False- mammalian red blood cells lose their nuclei
so they have more room to carry oxygen
The skin covered cartilage that
surrounds the outside ear opening is
called the ______________
pinna
Where would you look for villi?
Inside the small intestine
The right side of the heart carries only
____________
oxygen blood.
LOW
HIGH
LOW
The dividing wall that separates the
septum
Ventricle in two is called the ____________
Tell one way Mammals are like birds
Both:
are deuterostomes
are coelomates
in same Kingdom (Animalia),
phylum (chordates)
subphylum (vertebrates)
are endothermic
have 4 chamber heart
closed circulation
have 2 loop circulatory system
internal fertilization
separate sexes
care for young
direct development
….. There are lots more!
THE END