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JUST VOCAB MAMMALS Chapters 45 Membrane that surrounds the embryo amnion and the fluid in which it floats ______________________ A structure that is present because it is found in ancestor organisms, vestigial but it is functionless and no longer used _______________ (Ex: human appendix is a vestigial cecum) Muscular female reproductive uterus organ where the embryo attaches __________________ and grows Tiny air sac that increases surface area in the lungs alveoli ____________________ ungulates Mammals that have hooves _______________________ Dividing wall that separates the ventricle into 2 chambers septum __________________ monotremes Mammals that lay eggs _______________________ Type of reproduction in which no shell surrounds the embryo and it grows inside the mother receiving nourishment and oxygen through the placenta ____________________ viviparity Large breastbone where the pectoralis muscle attaches sternum ____________________ Mammals that have premature babies Which they carry in a pouch until they mature marsupials __________________ jejunum Middle section of small intestine ___________________________ Endocrine gland that regulates heart rate, blood pressure, & metabolism thyroid ____________________ Tubules that carry urine from the ureters kidney to the urinary bladder ____________________ Small tubules that carry sperm from the epididymis to the urethra __________________ Vas deferens Tubule that carries urine (and sperm in males) From urinary bladder to the exit ___________________ urethra vertebrate Organism with a backbone ____________________ Organism whose blastopore deuterostome becomes its anus ____________________ mesentery Thin membrane in the coelom that____________________ connects and holds the internal organs together Rodentia Order of mammals that _____________________ includes rats, mice, chipmunks, gophers, & squirrels Large flat teeth that grind _______________________ molars and crush food This energy molecule is stored in the liver ________________________ glycogen This substance is made by the pancreas and causes cells to release glucose into glucagon the bloodstream. __________________ (Be careful! It sounds like the answer above. Don’t get these 2 confused!) Outside body covering in an animal __________________ integument This kind of body organ works automatically without thinking about it ______________ autonomic and is controlled by the medulla oblongata The first part of a four chamber _________________ rumen stomach found in some mammals that contains bacteria to breakdown plants Small finger-like extensions lining villi the small intestine to increase ____________________ Surface area for more nutrient absorption alveoli Small air sacs inside the lungs that__________________ Increase surface area for more gas exchange Thin plates of fingernail like material that form a screen in the mouths of some whales ______________________ baleen aorta Largest artery _____________________ largest vein Vena cava ____________________ Pointed teeth that puncture canines tear, and grip food __________________ These small thin walled blood vessels connect arteries and veins and are the place where gases, wastes, & nutrients are exchanged __________________ capillaries Joining of an egg & sperm inside Internal fertilization the female’s body ____________________ Kind of development in which offspring are born/hatch looking like their parents only smaller Direct ____________________ development Kind of circulatory system in which blood is contained inside vessels closed __________________ Organism that has a notochord, pharyngeal pouches, a post anal tail, and a dorsal nerve cord ______________________________ Chordate Maintaining the correct osmoregulation balance of water and ____________________ ions in the body cranium Covering made of bone that ____________________ protects the brain; also called skull Nerve cord surrounded by bone or cartilage; also called a Spinal cord _____________________ Vertebral column Eardrum Whiskers Typanic membrane ____________________ vibrissae _____________________ Part of the small intestine ileum closest to the cecum _____________________ keratin A protein found in human hair ________________ & fingernails as well as the scaly skin of reptiles and bird feathers Ringed tube that carries air from trachea Glottis to bronchi ____________________ Smaller ringed tubes that carry air bronchi from trachea into lungs____________________ Largest vein returning blood Vena cava to heart __________________ Largest artery leaving heart Aorta ________________________ Organ that absorbs water and Large intestine concentrates digestive waste ____________________ Opening at back of throat for food to enter esophagus ____________________ gullet Part of the small intestine ____________________ duodenum closest to the stomach Bile storage organ missing in rats Gall bladder __________________ Process used by bats which bounces high frequency sound waves off objects to determine their location, echolocation distance, and size ______________________________ arteries Blood vessels that carry blood ______________________ away from the heart Medulla Part of the brain that controls autonomic internal organs _________________ oblongata Chisel-like front teeth that cut food _________________ incisors Part of the brain that controls balance and muscle coordination __________________ cerebellum nares Scientific name for “nostrils” ____________________ Seminal vesicles Male reproductive structure____________________ that adds fluid to and stores sperm Circulation that carries blood pulmonary from heart to lungs and back to heart__________________ Urine storage organ _________________________ Urinary bladder Circulation that carries blood from heart to body organs and back to heart ____________________ systemic veins Blood vessels that carry blood back _________________ to the heart Exit opening shared by excretory Urogenital and reproductive systems _________________ opening Part of the brain that integrates info from the other brain parts and where higher brain functions like memory, learning, cerebrum reasoning, and problem solving occur _____________________ Modified skin glands that produce Mammary glands Milk for young __________________________ Gland that controls heart rate, Blood pressure, and metabolism __________________ thyroid Finger-like extensions INSIDE the small intestine to increase villi absorption ____________________ Body temperature that is dependent on their environment “cold-blooded” ectothermic __________________ Organ that makes, stores, and recycles red blood cells ______________________ spleen Organ that makes eggs ovary ____________________ Organ that makes sperm testes ____________________ Place where tails are added to sperm __________________ epididymis Opening at back of mouth to the lungs ____________________ glottis Order of mammals with a larger brain, fingernails instead of claws, forward facing eyes for binocular vision, and grasping hands which includes: humans, apes, monkeys, baboons, primates and similar animals ____________________ Aquatic carnivorous mammals with streamlined bodies and flipper-like limbs such as seals, sealions, & walruses ____________________ pinnipeds Teeth that shear, shred, cut, & grind __________________ premolars
