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23. Chordates
23. Chordates

... Pharyngeal Pouches and Slits  Pharyngeal slits are openings that lead from the pharyngeal cavity to the outside. They are formed when pharyngeal grooves and pharyngeal pouches meet to form an opening.  In tetrapods, the pharyngeal pouches give rise to the Eustachian tube, middle ear cavity, tonsi ...
Chapter 5 - Lisle CUSD 202
Chapter 5 - Lisle CUSD 202

... The Hyoid Bone The Fetal Skull  The fetal skull is large compared to the infant’s total body length  Fontanels—fibrous membranes connecting the cranial bones  Allow the brain to grow  Convert to bone within 24 months after birth ...
THE GROIN
THE GROIN

... Sapheno varix ...
Chordates
Chordates

... Pharyngeal slits are openings that lead from the pharyngeal cavity to the outside. They are formed when pharyngeal grooves and pharyngeal pouches meet to form an opening. ...
Variations in the anatomy of ansa cervicalis
Variations in the anatomy of ansa cervicalis

... With the expanding use of the ansa cervicalis for reinnervation procedures and the fact that it is located in the vicinity of major nerves and vessels of the neck, knowledge of the topography and morphology of this loop is necessary in the modern era. Any variation in the course, contributing roots, ...
VERTEBRAL COLUMN
VERTEBRAL COLUMN

...  Between superior and inferior articulating facets: ...
common injuries
common injuries

... Arise from ring at base of neck. Ring is formed by branches of medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries. Penetrate capsule near its femoral attachment and ascend along neck. Perforate bone just distal to articular cartilage. Highly susceptible to injury with hip dislocation. ...
Chapter 10
Chapter 10

... • __________ – 8,9,&10 costocartilage attach to the 7th – ___________(11 &12) – No costocartilage articulation ...
The vertebral column is 33 vertebrae held together by ligaments and
The vertebral column is 33 vertebrae held together by ligaments and

... Longitudinal Ligament runs along the anterior aspect of the body of all 33 vertebrae. It is structurally the weakest of all the spinal column ligaments and it limits hyperextension of the head/neck. So if you get bad whiplash from a car accident, you probably severely stretched or tore your anterior ...
Parathyroid carcinoma: Surgical Anatomy and Operative technique
Parathyroid carcinoma: Surgical Anatomy and Operative technique

... • “ The indication for a lateral compartment resection must be considered more critically. In our opinion there is clearly no indication for lateral neck dissection in parathyroid cancer in the absence of demonstrable suspicious or proven findings.” KM Schulte et al World J Surgery (2010) 34:2611-26 ...
Anatomy 21- Lower Airway provide a warm, protected, and of course
Anatomy 21- Lower Airway provide a warm, protected, and of course

... • Several of these components are normally visible on thin-section computed tomographies – Recognition of lung abnormalities by examination of the secondary lobule is fundamental to the interpretation of thin-section CT scans Vasculature, Innervation, and Lymphatics Blood Supply • Blood supply to th ...
LATERAL NECK MASSES Prof. Alam
LATERAL NECK MASSES Prof. Alam

... - It is present at birth usually on one side of the neck located just in front of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. - The commonest cause: incomplete disappearance of site of fusion between the 2nd & the 5th pharyngeal pouch - may not present clinically until later in life, usually by early adulthood ...
the skeletal and muscular systems
the skeletal and muscular systems

... that found in the shoulder and upper arm, allows for movement in many directions. The end of the upper arm is rounded and it fits nicely into the socket of the shoulder blade. A pivot joint, such as found in the first two vertebrae of the neck, allows for a twisting or pivoting motion. You can turn ...
Development of the Respiratory System
Development of the Respiratory System

... Six primary lymph sacs are formed: two jugular, at the junction of the subclavian and anterior cardinal veins; two iliac, at the junction of the iliac and posterior cardinal veins; one retroperitoneal, near the root of the mesentery; and one cisterna chyli, dorsal to the retroperitoneal sac. Numerou ...
Accessory Head of Flexor Pollicis Longus Muscle and its
Accessory Head of Flexor Pollicis Longus Muscle and its

... the index and middle fingers, and the pronator quadratus muscles. An incomplete AIN syndrome may also occur in this instance, however, as reported by Tabib et al. Incomplete type is likely to occur in Type IV relationship where only the medial branch of the AIN to FDP of index and middle fingers pas ...
Loose Connective Tissues
Loose Connective Tissues

... layers, due to nuclei which are at various depths. In reality, all cells are attached to the basement membrane in a single ...
Bones of the upper limb
Bones of the upper limb

... Pectoral Girdle : It composed of Two bones: Clavicle and Scapula  It is very light and it allows the upper limb to have exceptionally free movement. ...
Anatomy of the Thorax
Anatomy of the Thorax

... • MCL is the mid clavicular line. ○ Note in males and (pre-pubescent) females the nipple is about 1cm lateral to the MCL overlapping the 4th ICS. • Xiphersternum or xiphoid process is located at the base of T11 and can be felt next to medial border of costal margin. • Costal margin is felt below the ...
Absence of the Superior Belly of the Omohyoid Muscle
Absence of the Superior Belly of the Omohyoid Muscle

... Background: The omohyoid muscle is one of the infrahyoid muscles of the neck. It has superior and inferior bellies and an intermediate tendon. Variations in the omohyoid muscle are quite rare. Main observations: We report a case where the superior belly of the omohyoid muscle was absent. Its inferio ...
Digestion Index
Digestion Index

...  Immunologic protection via the lymphoid tissue in the submucosa. The submucosa contains loose or dense connective tissue, blood and lymphatic vessels and the autonomic parasympathetic submucosal plexuses (Meissner). Glands may be present in the submucosa of some parts of GI: oral cavity, esophagus ...
Study and Removal of the Frog¹s Brain
Study and Removal of the Frog¹s Brain

... land and in water and are carnivores. Strong muscles and special fused bones help frogs be powerful swimmers and jumpers. As young tadpoles, they breathe through gills, but on land, frogs breathe though underdeveloped lungs and their skin. Adult frogs have loose, mucus lined skin to help them escape ...
View ePoster - ISHA Annual Scientific Meeting 2016
View ePoster - ISHA Annual Scientific Meeting 2016

... •  The Inferior Gluteal Nerve leaves the pelvis via greater scia0c foramen, inferior and anterior to the Piriformis muscle and lateral to the Scia0c Nerve. •  The IGN then divides into branches that pass posteriorly into the deep surface of the Gluteus Maximus Muscle. ...
Embryology Respiratory System د.ايناس فاضل كاظم
Embryology Respiratory System د.ايناس فاضل كاظم

... The respiratory system does not carry out its physiological function (of gas exchange) until after birth. The respiratory tract, diaphragm and lungs do form early in embryonic development. The respiratory tract is divided anatomically into 2 main parts: 1. upper respiratory tract, consisting of the ...
Frog Dissection Lab Packet
Frog Dissection Lab Packet

... o Large Intestine--As you follow the small intestine down, it will widen into the large intestine. The large intestine is also known as the cloaca in the frog. o Spleen--Return to the folds of the mesentery, this dark red spherical object serves as a holding area for ...
The Palate - كلية طب الاسنان
The Palate - كلية طب الاسنان

... pterygoid (from the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve). The plexus fibers to the palate are from the cranial part of the accessory nerve and the pharyngeal branch of the vagus. Postganglionic secretomotor fibers to the palatal glands from the pterygopalatine ganglion run with the lesser pala ...
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Anatomy



Anatomy is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. In some of its facets, anatomy is related to embryology and comparative anatomy, which itself is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny. Human anatomy is one of the basic essential sciences of medicine.The discipline of anatomy is divided into macroscopic and microscopic anatomy. Macroscopic anatomy, or gross anatomy, is the examination of an animal’s body parts using unaided eyesight. Gross anatomy also includes the branch of superficial anatomy. Microscopic anatomy involves the use of optical instruments in the study of the tissues of various structures, known as histology and also in the study of cells.The history of anatomy is characterized by a progressive understanding of the functions of the organs and structures of the human body. Methods have also improved dramatically, advancing from the examination of animals by dissection of carcasses and cadavers (corpses) to 20th century medical imaging techniques including X-ray, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging.
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