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incidence and morphology of accessory head of flexor
incidence and morphology of accessory head of flexor

... AHFPL were variable. In most of the cases the AHFPL was arising with one or other muscles of the flexors or pronator of the forearm. In 53.33% the AHFPL was taking origin from coronoid process of ulna and in 33.33% cases the origin of the muscles was from the medial epicondyle of humerus. In all th ...
anatomic variation of celiac and testicular arteries
anatomic variation of celiac and testicular arteries

... A case of an anatomic variation in the branching of the celiac trunk in association with a variation in the course of right testicular artery is reported. It was discovered that the celiac trunk emerged from the ventral aspect of abdominal aorta as two roots, which are named hepatogastric and spleno ...
Bodily Systems and the Modular Structure of the Human Body
Bodily Systems and the Modular Structure of the Human Body

... The skin system separates and isolates the organism from its surroundings and participates actively in maintaining the organism’s internal environment. Its functions include thermoregulation, tactile sensitivity, participation in the maintenance of water balance, and defense (it has an innate and a ...
Phylum Cnidaria
Phylum Cnidaria

... - Jellyfish are semi-transparent and they are only 5% of solid matter and form the remaining percent is all water. - Jellyfish live in the sea and are found in all oceans and some even live in fresh waters. Jellyfish can be large and brightly coloured. Some jellyfish can be very hard to see and invi ...
Kingdom Animalia
Kingdom Animalia

... • Found in marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments • Some are predators with teeth and ...
Divisions of embryology
Divisions of embryology

... Cells of the intraembryonic mesoderm migrate between ectoderm & endoderm until they establish contact with the extraembryonic mesoderm covering yolk sac and amnion Mesodermal cells cannot penetrate the adhesion at the head end of the embryo called buccopharyngeal membrane, they cannot penetrate the ...
HUMAN FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY 213 THE UPPER LIMB EARLY
HUMAN FUNCTIONAL ANATOMY 213 THE UPPER LIMB EARLY

... Dorsal and ventral surfaces (top and bottom) Dorsal muscles elevate the fin. Attach to dorsal elements of the girdle (“scapula” and vertebrae) Ventral muscles depress the fin. Attach to ventral elements of the girdle (coracoid) ...
AN ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC STUDY OF MASTICATION IN THE
AN ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC STUDY OF MASTICATION IN THE

... dynagraph amplifier and a Honeywell model 1108 visicorder. Bipolar platinum needle electrodes were inserted aseptically into the anterior and posterior portions of the temporal muscle, the anterior border of the superficial head of the masseter muscle, the orbicularis oris muscle, and in the supraho ...
Chapter 4 Lecture
Chapter 4 Lecture

... Inclusions, secretory vesicles, and other cytoplasmic components are shed in the process. The gland cell then undergoes growth and repair before it releases additional secretions. Cells burst, releasing cytoplasmic contents Cells produce secretion, increasing in size ...
The Tissue Level of Organization
The Tissue Level of Organization

... Inclusions, secretory vesicles, and other cytoplasmic components are shed in the process. The gland cell then undergoes growth and repair before it releases additional secretions. Cells burst, releasing cytoplasmic contents Cells produce secretion, increasing in size ...
stem cells
stem cells

... Inclusions, secretory vesicles, and other cytoplasmic components are shed in the process. The gland cell then undergoes growth and repair before it releases additional secretions. Cells burst, releasing cytoplasmic contents Cells produce secretion, increasing in size ...
Anomalous Branching Pattern of the Popliteal Artery (PA): A Case
Anomalous Branching Pattern of the Popliteal Artery (PA): A Case

... The Popliteal Artery (PA), which is the continuation of the Femoral artery, crosses the popliteal fossa at the distal border of popliteus; it divides into the Anterior and Posterior Tibial arteries. The Posterior Tibial Artery (PTA) divides into terminal branches proximal to popliteus, in which case ...
Third head of sternocleidomastoid muscle
Third head of sternocleidomastoid muscle

... muscle. The surgeons should be aware of the presence of The sternocleidomastoid, a prominent landmark of neck, such additional slips while performing surgeries in head and offers protection to the major blood vessels and the nerves neck regions as these can be used as myocutaneous flaps of this regi ...
Imaging Anatomy of the Liver
Imaging Anatomy of the Liver

... • Most tumours receive blood supply from hepatic arteries, therefore enhancing strongly on arterial phase (20-25s after start of bolus) • Early and late arterial phases, portovenous and delayed phases according to clinical indication ...
Dr.Kaan Yücel http://yeditepeanatomy1.wordpress.com Yeditepe
Dr.Kaan Yücel http://yeditepeanatomy1.wordpress.com Yeditepe

...  Multi-headed or multi-bellied muscles have more than one head of attachment or more than one contractile belly, respectively. Biceps muscles have two heads of attachment (e.g., the biceps brachii), triceps muscles have three heads (e.g., triceps brachii), and the digastric and gastrocnemius muscle ...
LINGUISTICS 330 Lecture #5
LINGUISTICS 330 Lecture #5

... they have their attachment within the larynx they are concerned with the control of vocal fold behaviour: abduction adduction tensioning ...
How to Identify the Basic Body Parts of Honey Bees - Fitz
How to Identify the Basic Body Parts of Honey Bees - Fitz

... The body of honeybees is divided into three major parts which are the head, thorax and abdomen. Let us take a closer look at these and some other body parts of bees. Head – the head of the bee is dominated by two large compound eyes. There are three small ocelli or simple eyes between the compound e ...
Muscle Tissue
Muscle Tissue

... However, if oxygen is not present in large enough quantities to sustain vigorous muscle contraction, only a small amount of ATP is generated through glycolysis; and lactic acid forms in the absence of cellular respiration ...
PDF - Ephraim Rubenstein
PDF - Ephraim Rubenstein

... that lie above them. But there are several significant muscle groupings that make up the surface anatomy of the arm that are of particular importance to us in drawing. Joining the arm to the shoulder is the mass of the deltoid, named after the Greek letter delta for its flat, triangular shape. The d ...
as a pdf
as a pdf

... There is an important anatomic variation in the pattern of branching of this artery and the pelvic surgeon should be aware of variations from classic anatomical descriptions. The internal iliac artery is about 4 cm long and, on the right, it is related with the vein laterally and, on the left, the v ...
Central nervous system
Central nervous system

... (1012) glial cells and ten times fewer (1011) neurones. Neurones (Fig. 7.2) Each neurone (Fig. 7.2) consists of a cell body and its processes, one axon and many dendrites. Neurones are commonly referred to as nerve cells. Bundles of axons bound together are called nerves. Neurones cannot divide, and ...
Biosc 41 Announcements 10/13
Biosc 41 Announcements 10/13

... Everywhere! §  Free-living and parasitic (on both plants & animals) §  Aquatic habitats, soil, moist tissues of plants, and in body fluids and tissues of animals Triploblastic, pseudocoelomate, protostomes §  Possess an alimentary canal with mouth and anus §  Rudimentary nervous system §  Lack ...
Domain Kingdom Phylum - Winston Knoll Collegiate
Domain Kingdom Phylum - Winston Knoll Collegiate

... Includes all roundworms. Simplest animals to have a digestive system with two openings-mouth and anus. Most numerous of all multicellular animals. Free living-found in virtually all parts of the Earth. Have simple nervous systems and reproduce sexually. ...
BIO 218 F 2012 CH 06 Martini Lecture Outline
BIO 218 F 2012 CH 06 Martini Lecture Outline

... These membranous areas are actually the dura mater of the brain, which is a thick membranous material that helps to protect the brain. You can feel the infant’s pulse in the area of the anterior fontanel. Blood vessels lie deep to the fontanel. ...
BIO 218 F 2012 CH 06 Martini Lecture Outline
BIO 218 F 2012 CH 06 Martini Lecture Outline

... These membranous areas are actually the dura mater of the brain, which is a thick membranous material that helps to protect the brain. You can feel the infant’s pulse in the area of the anterior fontanel. Blood vessels lie deep to the fontanel. ...
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Anatomy



Anatomy is the branch of biology concerned with the study of the structure of organisms and their parts. In some of its facets, anatomy is related to embryology and comparative anatomy, which itself is closely related to evolutionary biology and phylogeny. Human anatomy is one of the basic essential sciences of medicine.The discipline of anatomy is divided into macroscopic and microscopic anatomy. Macroscopic anatomy, or gross anatomy, is the examination of an animal’s body parts using unaided eyesight. Gross anatomy also includes the branch of superficial anatomy. Microscopic anatomy involves the use of optical instruments in the study of the tissues of various structures, known as histology and also in the study of cells.The history of anatomy is characterized by a progressive understanding of the functions of the organs and structures of the human body. Methods have also improved dramatically, advancing from the examination of animals by dissection of carcasses and cadavers (corpses) to 20th century medical imaging techniques including X-ray, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging.
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