Download LINGUISTICS 330 Lecture #5

LINGUISTICS 330
Lecture #5
LARYNGEAL MUSCLES AND THE MUSLES OF SPEECH
A.
1.
LARYNGEAL MUSCLES
INTRINSIC LARYNGEAL MUSCLES
they have their attachment within the larynx
they are concerned with the control of vocal fold behaviour:
abduction
adduction
tensioning
•
•
a.
b.
POSTERIOR CRICOARYTENOID MUSCLE
Ø
controls abduction
•
it runs from the posterior lamina of the cricoid cartilage to the posterior part of
the arytenoid cartilages
•
when contracted, it pulls the arytenoids back and downwards while causing
them to rotate
LATERAL CRICOARYTENOID MUSCLE
Ø
controls adduction
•
runs from the anterior lateral part of the cricoid cartilage to the lateral part of the
arytenoids
•
it pulls the arytenoids forward and rotates them
Ø
adduction!
c.
INTERARYTENOID MUSCLE:
by pulling the arytenoids together, it contributes to vocal fold adduction.
d.
e.
f.
THYROARYTENOID
VOCALIS
CRICOTHYROID
muscles: control vocal fold tension
THYROARYTENOID MUSCLE:
it runs from the inner part of the thyroid to the anterior and lateral surfaces of the
arytenoids
VOCALIS MUSCLE (MEDIAL COMPONENT OF THE THYROARYTENOID
MUSCLE):
it runs parallel to the vocal ligaments as part of the vocal fold structure proper
CRICOTHYROID MUSCLE:
it runs between the anterior lateral part of the cricoid cartilage and the lower
lateral part of the thyroid cartilage.
2.
EXTRINSIC LARYNGEAL MUSCLES:
•
they control overall movement and positioning of the larynx
•
two groups:
a.
infrahyoidal (for lowering the larynx)
Larynx lowering is controlled by the
sternohyoid muscles
sternothyroid muscles
omohyoid muscles
thyrohyoid muscles
b.
suprahyoidal (for raising the larynx)
Larynx raising is controlled by the strap muscles:
digastricus muscles
geniohyoid muscles
mylohyoid muscles
stylohyoid muscles
hyoglossus muscles
STUDY APPENDIX pp. 3-5
B.
MUSCLES OF SPEECH
Important!
Ø
muscles do not push, they CONTRACT!!
STUDY FIGURES 9-11 (p. 227)
TERMINOLOGY: p. 227.
STUDY FIGURES 9-12 to 9.21
Figure 9-12
NASAL vs. NON-NASAL ARTICULATION
tensor palati
raise the velum
levator palati
palatoglossus
lower the velum
palatopharyngeus
superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle:
Figure 9-13
it draws the posterior pharyngeal
wall forward
TONGUE ARCHING for palatals and velars, and for high and mid vowels
superior longitudinal tongue muscle
inferior longitudinal tongue muscle
Figure 9-14
TONGUE LOWERING for vowels
genioglossus muscle
hyoglossus muscle
strap muscles (Figure 9-21)
vertical tongue muscle (Figure 9-16)
Figure 9-15
(forward pull)
(backward pull)
TONGUE-TIP RAISING for alveolars and dentals
superior longitudinal tongue muscle (contracted)
apex is raised
inferior longitudinal tongue muscle (relaxed)
Figure 9-16
geniohyod muscle
myohyoid muscle
genioglossus muscle
tongue body forward
vertical tongue muscle
(flattens the tongue)
TONGUE WIDTH ADJUSTMENT for laterals vs. non-laterals
transverse tongue muscle
vertical tongue muscle
(for laterals)
(for non-laterals)
Figure 9-17
HIGH BACK ARTICULATION for high back vowels and velar consonants
inferior longitudinal tongue muscle (Figure 9-13)
tongue arching (for raising
the back of the tongue)
palatoglossus (tensor palati and levator palati)
back of the tongue raised
styloglossus muscle
Figure 9-18
LOW BACK ARTICULATION for low back vowels and various rhotic sounds
styloglossus muscle
stylohyoid muscle
medial pharyngeal constrictor muscle
hyoglossus muscle
inferior longitudinal tongue muscle
Figure 9-19
tongue body drawn back
lowers the tongue body
for bunching the tongue
LIP-SPREADING for [i] [e] and [j]
buccinator muscle
pull the corners of the lips
risorius muscle
(orbicularis oris: major lip muscle; it encircles the lips)
Figure 9-20
LIP ROUNDING for [u] [o] [ß] [®]
orbicular oris muscle
mentalis muscle
Figure 9-21
rounds the lips
reponsible for eversion (curling the lower
lips outward) which may accompany lip
rounding
JAW OPENING for all speech sounds, especially open ones
digastric muscle
strap muscles
lowers the jaw
maintain the position of the hyoid bone