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PURINE & PYRIMIDINE METABOLISM
PURINE & PYRIMIDINE METABOLISM

The Gastrointestinal Tract
The Gastrointestinal Tract

... The waste products of metabolism are eliminated by the lungs, the skin, and the kidneys At the lungs, red blood cells release the carbon dioxide, which is i then th exhaled h l d into i t the th environment i t A significant amount of water is also lost from the lungs, by evaporation Some water, min ...
Distribution and phylogenies of enzymes of the Embden
Distribution and phylogenies of enzymes of the Embden

... has gained wide acceptance, although it has detractors. However, even a putative RNA-based “organism” could have arisen only from a prebiotic chemical environment conducive to its existence (Poole et al. 1999). Although these theories and their associated predictions have done much to provide explan ...
The effect of calcium on conformational change of thimet
The effect of calcium on conformational change of thimet

... as before. This possibility can also be examined on a molecular modeling program to see which regions of the active site each substrate residue has the capability to interact with. B. Inhibitor study Inhibitors are basically chopped up substrates, which bind to the active site to prevent the enzyme ...
results and discussion discussion
results and discussion discussion

... Inter Pro Scan search revealed similarity of GspM with members of Family PD027049 (ProDom release 2005.1). The most well characterized member of this family is glucose starvation induced protein (GsiB) of Bacillus subtilis, which is a hydrophilic protein of 123 amino acids and is composed almost ent ...
THE EVOLUTION OF ACETYL-CoA SYNTHASE 1
THE EVOLUTION OF ACETYL-CoA SYNTHASE 1

... The anabolic needs of these cells are met by synthesizing acetyl-coenzyme A using the Acetyl-CoA (or Wood-Ljungdahl) pathway (Thauer, 1998; Bhatnagar et al., 1991; Wood and Ljungdahl, 1991). During this process, CO2 is reduced to CO in a reaction catalyzed by the modern-day ACS. ACS also catalyzes t ...
University of Groningen Molecular basis of two novel
University of Groningen Molecular basis of two novel

... water molecule. Also, the halide-binding site is very different (Ridder et al., 1999). How the water molecule is activated is not known, but it has been suggested that another aspartate in the active site fulfils this function (Ridder et al., 1999). Intriguingly, at least one other unrelated haloaci ...
Mitochondrial DNA and aging
Mitochondrial DNA and aging

... some of these compounds, mtDNA is damaged preferentially [24]. Other mutagenic chemicals also have been shown to preferentially target mtDNA [23,25–29]. Therefore it is conceivable that life-long exposure to certain environmental toxins could result in a preferential accumulation of mtDNA damage and ...
Incorporation of reporter molecule
Incorporation of reporter molecule

... formed, label-carrying 3¢-DNA termini are discriminated by most DNA polymerases (DNA pols) (21±23). This has been attributed to the hydrophobic nature or bulkiness of the ¯uorescent dye groups, as well as potential dye±dye or dye±enzyme interactions leading to early termination of DNA synthesis (14, ...
Measuring enzyme activities under standardized in vivo
Measuring enzyme activities under standardized in vivo

Calvin Cycle
Calvin Cycle

Mechanisms of Unidirectional Translocation & Unwinding
Mechanisms of Unidirectional Translocation & Unwinding

Bil 255 – CMB
Bil 255 – CMB

... – one enzyme with 2 substrates with following Km's - 0.1 M & 0.05 M one takes more substrate to reach same rate…  Vmax – many enzymes have individual steps in a complex reaction sequences, each with their own Km's….. ...
G E N R
G E N R

Conformational Changes in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Induced
Conformational Changes in HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase Induced

... changes of the amino acids and/or structural elements that form the NNRTI-BP, such as the re-orientation of the side chains of Y181 and Y188, and the displacement of the β12β13-β14 sheet (discussed above). The long-range distortions involve a hinge-bending movement of the p66 thumb subdomain that re ...
Immobilized Enzyme Technology: Potentiality and Prospects
Immobilized Enzyme Technology: Potentiality and Prospects

... 1g). It is different from other techniques in the sense that it does not require a support for the immobilization. There are two methods of cross linking in use, (i) Cross Linking Enzyme Aggregate (CLEA), and (ii) Cross Linking Enzyme Crystals (CLEC). Both CLEA and CLEC are modifications of a primit ...
The aconitase of Escherichia cok purification of the
The aconitase of Escherichia cok purification of the

... University of Shefield, PO Box 594,Firth Court, Western Bank, Shefield SIO 2 U H , UK (Received 24 April 1991; revised I0 July 1991;accepted 24 July 1991) The aconitase of Escherichia cofi was purified to homogeneity, albeit in low yield (0.6%). It was shown to be a monomeric protein of Mr95000 or 9 ...
SELECTIVE INHIBITORS OF DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE
SELECTIVE INHIBITORS OF DIHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE

Coevolution of an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase with its tRNA substrates
Coevolution of an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase with its tRNA substrates

... essential enzyme in Gln-tRNA formation as it generates GlutRNAGln. This product is then converted to Gln-tRNAGln by Glu-tRNAGln amidotransferase (10–12). However, the mechanism of how the ND-GluRS recognizes two different tRNA substrates is not known, and the tRNA identity set for such an enzyme has ...
Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA, gyrB and catA genes and DNA
Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA, gyrB and catA genes and DNA

... (GenBank accession numbers are given in parentheses): Rhodococcus sp. BBG1 (HE820128), Rhodococcus sp. RGN4 (HE801274), Rhodococcus sp. K5 (KF790905), Rhodococcus sp. PT2-14B (KF360060), Rhodococcus sp. PT3-14 (KF360061) and Rhodococcus sp. Ba49 (KF360059). All strains were maintained on DSMZ medium ...
Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA, gyrB and catA genes and DNA
Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA, gyrB and catA genes and DNA

... of cells and nucleic acids prior to DNA purification. DDH was carried out as described by De Ley et al. (1970) under consideration of the modifications described by Huss et al. (1983) using a model Cary 100 Bio UV/VIS-spectrophotometer with a Peltier-thermostat-equipped 666 multicell changer and a t ...
MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY
MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY

The Citric acid cycle - University of Houston
The Citric acid cycle - University of Houston

Metabolism of Members of the Spiroplasmataceae
Metabolism of Members of the Spiroplasmataceae

... enzymes, they may not reflect enzyme mass or the magnitude of in situ activity. For example, the higher specific activities which we obtained when we studied purine enzymes may not mean that the purine pathways are more active than the PP shunt, whose specific enzyme activities were relatively lower ...
Enzyme Properties
Enzyme Properties

... Okay. Having reminded you that not all proteins are enzymes, we can now zero in on enzymes Understanding a bit about enzymes makes it possible for us to characterize the kinetics of biochemical reactions and how they’re controlled ...
< 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 ... 101 >

Restriction enzyme

A restriction enzyme or restriction endonuclease is an enzyme that cuts DNA at or near specific recognition nucleotide sequences known as restriction sites. Restriction enzymes are commonly classified into three types, which differ in their structure and whether they cut their DNA substrate at their recognition site, or if the recognition and cleavage sites are separate from one another. To cut DNA, all restriction enzymes make two incisions, once through each sugar-phosphate backbone (i.e. each strand) of the DNA double helix.These enzymes are found in bacteria and archaea and provide a defense mechanism against invading viruses. Inside a prokaryote, the restriction enzymes selectively cut up foreign DNA in a process called restriction; while host DNA is protected by a modification enzyme (a methyltransferase) that modifies the prokaryotic DNA and blocks cleavage. Together, these two processes form the restriction modification system.Over 3000 restriction enzymes have been studied in detail, and more than 600 of these are available commercially. These enzymes are routinely used for DNA modification in laboratories, and are a vital tool in molecular cloning.
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