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Enzymes at work
Enzymes at work

... their collision rates and the likelihood of their reacting together. ...
NUCLEOTIDES AND NUCLEIC ACIDS
NUCLEOTIDES AND NUCLEIC ACIDS

... the negative charges are generally neutralized by ionic interactions with positive charges on proteins, metal ions, and polyamines. All the phosphodiester linkages have the same orientation along the chain (Fig. 8–7), giving each linear nucleic acid strand a specific polarity and distinct 5 and 3 ...
Preparation of PCR Products for DNA Sequencing
Preparation of PCR Products for DNA Sequencing

... The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is widely used to prepare product for DNA sequencing. High specificity and good yield are considered prerequisites to the generation of high-quality DNA sequence data directly from PCR product. However, despite measures taken to standardize PCR set-up and cycling ...
Coordination of Adenosylmethionine to a Unique Iron Site of the
Coordination of Adenosylmethionine to a Unique Iron Site of the

Enzymes Enzymes are characterized by
Enzymes Enzymes are characterized by

... and activators; activators; comparmentation; comparmentation; etc. etc. ...
The nucleotide sequence and derived amino acid
The nucleotide sequence and derived amino acid

... 320-bp fragment contained sequences of the 5' end of the mRNA, the 450-bp fragment contained sees quences of the 3' end of the coding region of the mRNA, while the 700-bp fragment contained almost all of the 3' noncoding region. Two plasmids were identified which contained the 450-bp fragment, but h ...
Tools in Biocatalysis
Tools in Biocatalysis

... the enzyme is sufficiently stable, the absence of protein in the product can be assured and reaction condition promiscuity[39] (e.g. the activity of an enzyme in non-aqueous conditions) can be induced. The latter is mainly a result of structural stabilisation, hindrance of aggregation and unfolding ...
Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus - Southwest Florida Research and
Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus - Southwest Florida Research and

... constructed by cloning a 1,409-bp DNA fragment that was amplified using a universal primer rp1 (27) and Liberibacter-specific primer HLBrp (16) into pGEM T-easy vector (Promega Corp.). A standard equation was developed based on previous work by Li et al (16). The new standard equation was able to qu ...
ENZYMES - Victor Temple
ENZYMES - Victor Temple

... • Define the following (a) Enzyme units; (b) Specific activity of an enzyme; • Explain how substrate concentration affects rate of enzyme-catalyzed reaction; • State the significance of Michaelis-Menten constant (Km).; • How is Lineweaver-Burk Plot used to determine Km and Vmax of an enzyme? • Use g ...
Full-Text PDF
Full-Text PDF

... elucidating the specific roles of side chains in substrate binding and catalysis. 2.2. N-acetyl-1-D-myo-inosityl-2-amino-2-deoxy--D-glucopyranoside Deacetylase (MshB) MshB is a metal-dependent deacetylase that catalyzes the hydrolysis of N-acetyl-1-D-myo-inosityl2-amino-2-deoxy--D-glucopyranoside ...
Effect of Temperature Increasing the temperature increases the
Effect of Temperature Increasing the temperature increases the

... Denaturing effect • Proteins take on the 3-D structure with lowest potential energy - increases their stability • Increased energy causes increased motion within the molecule as well as between molecules • Weak bonds in the tertiary structure (hydrogen bonds) are broken and new bonds form in differ ...
The promiscuous primase
The promiscuous primase

... different properties: the DNA polymerase activity was substantially reduced and the RNA synthesis significantly stimulated [2]. An intriguing implication of this observation is that the large subunit might have the ability to modulate both processivity and substrate choice of the catalytic subunit. ...
Identification and removal of colanic acid from plasmid DNA
Identification and removal of colanic acid from plasmid DNA

... (SC-DNA) provides greater efficacy and gene expression at lower doses compared with use of other plasmid DNA preparations of the identical plasmid. CA is present at significant levels in all plasmid DNA, including cGMP clinical grade preparations. CA is also required for bacterial growth in large-sc ...
Nucleic Acids Research
Nucleic Acids Research

... according to the strategy depicted in Fig. 3. This analysis revealed that the nucleotide sequence of pCCI and pCC9 were identical. Further restriction enzyme analysis of Charon 4A-CC1 and Charon 4A-CC9 revealed that these 2 recombinant phage contain overlapping fragments of the same chicken cytochro ...
biological chemistry. the bank of mcq test questions 2016-2017
biological chemistry. the bank of mcq test questions 2016-2017

... 27. Optimal conditions for the determination of the enzyme activity in the blood are: A. 5oC; pH 7.3; high concentration of substrates B. 20oC; pH 6.5; low concentration of substrates C. 40oC; pH 7.3; high concentration of substrates D. 50oC; pH 5.8; low concentration of substrates E. 70oC; pH 7.8; ...
Enzymes of the Calvin Cycle and Intermediary
Enzymes of the Calvin Cycle and Intermediary

... Similarly, the activity of hexokinase, a representative enzyme of the glycolytic pathway, showed the same pattern whether the specific activities were calculated on the basis of unit cell number or unit total protein. The hexokinase activity increased 3-fold with decreasing dilution rate in light-li ...
ADVANCING JUSTICE THROUGH DNA TECHNOLOGY
ADVANCING JUSTICE THROUGH DNA TECHNOLOGY

... DNA technology is increasingly vital to ensuring accuracy and fairness in the criminal justice system. DNA can be used to identify criminals with incredible accuracy when biological evidence exists, and DNA can be used to clear suspects and exonerate persons mistakenly accused or convicted of crimes ...
Water - UCLA Chemistry and Biochemistry
Water - UCLA Chemistry and Biochemistry

... internal rearrangements prolyl isomerase ...
Ketone Bodies Mimic the Life Span Extending
Ketone Bodies Mimic the Life Span Extending

... has demonstrated that ROS-mediated signaling is required for some mechanisms of life span extension. The toxicity of ROS/RNS is ameliorated by the NADPH system (Fig. 2), the redox potential of which is made more negative by the metabolism of ketone bodies (19,38,39). The redox potential of the free ...
Nucleic acid enzymes
Nucleic acid enzymes

... (kobs = 0.008 min1 for the most active clone) but specifically produce ‘natural’ 30 –50 junctions at 40 mM Mg2+ and pH 9.0 [34]. Remarkably, no 20 –50 junctions were observed. Unfortunately, sequence generality was seriously hampered by the minimal requirement of five specific RNA nucleotides aroun ...
Document
Document

... is a characteristic physical property for each different enzyme is independent of [E] if there's more than 1 substrate, then each has its own Km measures "RELATIVE afffinity” of an enzyme for its substrate – one enzyme with 2 substrates with following Km's - 0.1 M & 0.05 M one takes more substrate t ...
Teacher Key - 3D Molecular Designs
Teacher Key - 3D Molecular Designs

... The Enzyme in Action Kit© allows you to explore how enzymatic reactions occur. ...
Planta - University of Regina
Planta - University of Regina

... Cloning kit (Novagen). Positive clones were selected by colonyPCR, grouped by double restriction mappings, and then sequenced by PCR-based sequencing using the Dye Terminator Cycle Sequencing kit (Applied Biosystems). The four core sequences thus obtained were used to design speci®c primers for the ...
Molecular Systematics of the Genus Zoogloea and Emendation of
Molecular Systematics of the Genus Zoogloea and Emendation of

... 1,406 to 1,460 bases, because of the various deletions and additions of nucleotides found in these strains. The 16s rDNAs of Z . ramigera IAM 12136T and Zoogloea sp. strain ATCC 19324 were characterized by a deletion of 3 pairs in the loop at positions 77 to 92, an addition of G in the loop helix at ...
A structural determinant in the uracil DNA glycosylase superfamily
A structural determinant in the uracil DNA glycosylase superfamily

... double-stranded uracil-containing DNA. Binding analysis shows that the substitution enhances the binding affinity of K68N to all uracil-containing double-stranded DNA. Genetic analysis suggests that the K68N mutant can act as a UDG to remove uracil from A/U base pairs, which are formed by misincorpo ...
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Restriction enzyme

A restriction enzyme or restriction endonuclease is an enzyme that cuts DNA at or near specific recognition nucleotide sequences known as restriction sites. Restriction enzymes are commonly classified into three types, which differ in their structure and whether they cut their DNA substrate at their recognition site, or if the recognition and cleavage sites are separate from one another. To cut DNA, all restriction enzymes make two incisions, once through each sugar-phosphate backbone (i.e. each strand) of the DNA double helix.These enzymes are found in bacteria and archaea and provide a defense mechanism against invading viruses. Inside a prokaryote, the restriction enzymes selectively cut up foreign DNA in a process called restriction; while host DNA is protected by a modification enzyme (a methyltransferase) that modifies the prokaryotic DNA and blocks cleavage. Together, these two processes form the restriction modification system.Over 3000 restriction enzymes have been studied in detail, and more than 600 of these are available commercially. These enzymes are routinely used for DNA modification in laboratories, and are a vital tool in molecular cloning.
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