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February- The Multifaceted Month!
February- The Multifaceted Month!

... per year. It is said that Caesar was aware of the discrepancy, but felt it was of little importance. In the 16th century the Gregorian calendar reform was introduced to improve its accuracy with respect to the time of the vernal equinox and the synodic month (for Easter). Sometimes the reference Old ...
Studies of power: The Augustine Principate
Studies of power: The Augustine Principate

... gradually…absorbed the functions of the senate, the officials and even the low” (source 4). It must be remembered that Tacitus was also critical of Augustus and, like Cassius was not a contemporary of Augustus, but rather a later Roman historian. Thus, his views would represent those of later Romans ...
Tarpeia
Tarpeia

... The soldiers said “Take thy reward” and instead crushed her to the ground with his heavy shield Tarpeia was dead Sabines entered the city and marched over her dead body ...
Cestius Humiliated by the Zealots (AD 66)
Cestius Humiliated by the Zealots (AD 66)

... Jerusalem as well. Armies were not only encircling Jerusalem, they were inside Jerusalem taking control of the city away from the Romans and Agrippa’s loyalist forces. All refugees would have needed to leave Jerusalem long before this. Sept 66 – Menahem returned from Masada where his soldiers had br ...
Zanker - MK2Review
Zanker - MK2Review

... the idea that the structure of the city of Rome had to be entirely revised as was though by Julius Caesar and others. The character of Rome was somewhat antiquated for its time because of a desire of Augustus’s to keep in accordance with pietas which “required that old cult places be respected” and ...
OUR ISLAND STORY - Yesterday`s Classics
OUR ISLAND STORY - Yesterday`s Classics

Sulla`s Tabularium - UWSpace
Sulla`s Tabularium - UWSpace

The Parthians of Augustan Rome - American Journal of Archaeology
The Parthians of Augustan Rome - American Journal of Archaeology

... Of the military defeats suffered by the Romans in the course of the Republic, three battles stand out in terms of catastrophic losses: two against Hannibal during the Second Punic War (Lake Trasimene and Cannae), and one against the Parthians (Carrhae in 53 B.C.), when the armies of Crassus lost the ...
OATHS OF ALLEGIANCE TO CAESAR B.F. Harris The ancients
OATHS OF ALLEGIANCE TO CAESAR B.F. Harris The ancients

Second Triumvirate
Second Triumvirate

... ("Triumvirs for Confirming the Republic with Consular Power", invariably abbreviated as "III VIR RPC"). It possessed supreme political authority. The only other office which had ever been qualified "for confirming the Republic" was the dictatorship of Lucius Cornelius Sulla. The only limit on the po ...
EASTERN RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES IN THE IMPERIAL ROMAN
EASTERN RELIGIOUS INFLUENCES IN THE IMPERIAL ROMAN

... affect its unity, and in the bigger picture, that of the empire; what role did the emperor play in regards to religious influence in the military; and how did political decisions regarding religious policies affect those in the military? Such themes will be become particularly clear in the chapters ...
the man who needed
the man who needed

... requiring only a narrow track. However, there is plenty of evidence of pre-Roman roads in Britain – as well as the expert use of vehicles in war – which supports the belief that paving or surfacing may well have been used on roads. The Icknield Way, in use about 2000 BC, and 200 miles long, runs dea ...
Document
Document

... However under Publius Sittius Cirta was a special colony with some autonomy from Rome, but under emperor Augustus the city obtained full roman status as colonia with the name Iulia Iuvenalis Honoris et Virtutis Cirta in 27 BC. Since then Cirta started to grow enormously as an economic center of Roma ...
Mors et Inferos - Wakefield School
Mors et Inferos - Wakefield School

... deceased to the cemetery- the funeral procession. This procession usually occurred right before dawn. The body would then be interred. The grave was generally meant for just the body, and only a few objects were actually placed within it- the gifts which were given to ...
The Republic - La Trobe University
The Republic - La Trobe University

... The  Roman  Equestrian  Order   •  The  lower  of  two   aristocra>c  classes  of   ancient  Rome   •  The  equites  (equestrians)   were  outranked  by   patricii  (patricians)   •  Equestrians  could  own   land  and  were  just  as   weal ...
Niccolò Machiavelli on Power
Niccolò Machiavelli on Power

... one else; for mankind, being more prone to evil than to good, his successor might employ for evil purposes the power which he had used only for good ends” (Discourses, p.121). However, it took still several generations and the courage of a Brutus (Lucius Junius) to expel a king before the Roman repu ...
The Reign of Claudius – a timeline
The Reign of Claudius – a timeline

Spectacles in the Roman World: A Sourcebook
Spectacles in the Roman World: A Sourcebook

JuliusCaesar - ELA40SLiteraryFocus
JuliusCaesar - ELA40SLiteraryFocus

... A great Roman general who has recently returned to Rome after a military victory in Spain. Julius Caesar is not the main character of the play that bears his name; Brutus has over four times as many lines, and the play does not show us Caesar's point of view. Nonetheless, virtually every other chara ...
Declining Marital and Birth Rates in the Roman Empire.
Declining Marital and Birth Rates in the Roman Empire.

Macedonia and Greece (275
Macedonia and Greece (275

... Alexander their fortunes varied according to circumstances, but they sought, as I have mentioned, to preserve democracy in the institutions of the League. The League consisted of twelve cities…They are: Patrae, Dyme, Pharae, Tritaea, Leontium, Aegium, Aegira, Pellene, Bura, Cerynea. In the period af ...
The French and Antique Monuments in Algeria
The French and Antique Monuments in Algeria

... l'Enseignement 15th aout 1892. ...
The Julio-Claudian dynasty
The Julio-Claudian dynasty

... HS) each to ensure their support.  It was this support that would ensure his survival. ...
Pompey the Great
Pompey the Great

... last forces of resistance. Appian tells us “Never did any man before Pompey set forth with so great authority conferred upon him by the Romans”. Mithtridates committed suicide and the war was at an end. •Pompey then conquered Armenia, Syria and Judaea. ...
the origins of the protection of literary authorship in ancient rome
the origins of the protection of literary authorship in ancient rome

... into a world empire and—alongside Athens and Alexandria—became the literary center of the Western world. The first poets were artists who largely improvised their pieces, presenting their public with what they claimed the Muses had bestowed upon them. This tradition remained a strong one long after ...
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Early Roman army

The Early Roman army was deployed by ancient Rome during its Regal Era and into the early Republic around 300 BC, when the so-called ""Polybian"" or manipular legion was introduced.Until c. 550 BC, there was probably no ""national"" Roman army, but a series of clan-based war-bands, which only coalesced into a united force in periods of serious external threat. Around 550 BC, during the period conventionally known as the rule of king Servius Tullius, it appears that a universal levy of eligible adult male citizens was instituted. This development apparently coincided with the introduction of heavy armour for most of the infantry.The early Roman army was based on a compulsory levy from adult male citizens that was held at the start of each campaigning season, in those years that war was declared. There were probably no standing or professional forces. During the Regal Era (to c. 500 BC), the standard levy was probably of 9,000 men, consisting of 6,000 heavily armed infantry (probably Greek-style hoplites), plus 2,400 light-armed infantry (rorarii, later called velites) and 600 light cavalry (equites celeres). When the kings were replaced by two annually-elected praetores in c. 500 BC, the standard levy remained of the same size, but was now divided equally between the Praetors, each commanding one legion of 4,500 men.It is likely that the hoplite element was deployed in a Greek-style phalanx formation in large set-piece battles. However, these were relatively rare, with most fighting consisting of small-scale border-raids and skirmishing. In these, the Romans would fight in their basic tactical unit, the centuria of 100 men. In addition, clan-based forces remained in existence until at least c. 450 BC, although they would operate under the Praetors' authority, at least nominally.In 493 BC, shortly after the establishment of the Roman Republic, Rome concluded a perpetual treaty of military alliance (the foedus Cassianum), with the combined other Latin city-states. The treaty, probably motivated by the need for the Latins to deploy a united defence against incursions by neighbouring hill-tribes, provided for each party to provide an equal force for campaigns under unified command. It remained in force until 358 BC.
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