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Instructional Objectives—DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis
Instructional Objectives—DNA, RNA and Protein Synthesis

... Objective 3: Explain how nucleotides are arranged in DNA and RNA.  If DNA is a ladder, where are sugars and phosphates located? Nitrogen bases?  DNA is double stranded, but RNA is ___________________________ Objective 4: Relate the structure of DNA to its function in carrying genetic information. ...
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... 18. Edwards Syndrome is a serious condition causing 10% of those bom with it to die within their first years. The cause is trisomy 18, the presence of three chromosome 18s. All children with this condition are mentally retarded and suffer with breathing problems and possible seizures. The technique ...


... of the full length sequence including its regulatory regions is ruled out using conventional PCR. There are also instances where isolation is approached by primers designned at the conserved regions and in these cases full length sequence of the gene(s) is not always obtained. Even in prokaryotes wi ...
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Genomic library



A genomic library is a collection of the total genomic DNA from a single organism. The DNA is stored in a population of identical vectors, each containing a different insert of DNA. In order to construct a genomic library, the organism's DNA is extracted from cells and then digested with a restriction enzyme to cut the DNA into fragments of a specific size. The fragments are then inserted into the vector using DNA ligase. Next, the vector DNA can be taken up by a host organism - commonly a population of Escherichia coli or yeast - with each cell containing only one vector molecule. Using a host cell to carry the vector allows for easy amplification and retrieval of specific clones from the library for analysis.There are several kinds of vectors available with various insert capacities. Generally, libraries made from organisms with larger genomes require vectors featuring larger inserts, thereby fewer vector molecules are needed to make the library. Researchers can choose a vector also considering the ideal insert size to find a desired number of clones necessary for full genome coverage.Genomic libraries are commonly used for sequencing applications. They have played an important role in the whole genome sequencing of several organisms, including the human genome and several model organisms.
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