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labs.bio.unc.edu
labs.bio.unc.edu

... each trait) giving the false appearance of clustering Prediction: if we examine a conservative set of non-pleiotropic QTLs, we will not see clustering Easier said than done! ...
What are enzymes?
What are enzymes?

... Why we need enzymes? Even though you may not be aware of it, enzymes play a very active role in your everyday life. Saturday afternoon, washing your clothes, you may not realize that enzymes are doing some of the dirty work for you. The detergent that you are using is most likely to contain enzymes ...
Oxalate decarboxylase of the white-rot fungus
Oxalate decarboxylase of the white-rot fungus

... Oxalate decarboxylase (ODC) catalyses the conversion of oxalic acid to formic acid and CO2 in bacteria and fungi. In wood-decaying fungi the enzyme has been linked to the regulation of intraand extracellular quantities of oxalic acid, which is one of the key components in biological decomposition of ...
Detection and identification of bacteria in clinical samples by 16S
Detection and identification of bacteria in clinical samples by 16S

Pristionchus pacificus
Pristionchus pacificus

... 5.1. Formal genetics and sex determination P. pacificus is a self-fertilizing hermaphrodite with the frequent occurrence of males. The sex determination system is of the XX/XO type, similar to C. elegans (Pires-daSilva & Sommer, 2004). In general, mutagenesis experiments are carried out in the labor ...
Natural rules for Arabidopsis thaliana
Natural rules for Arabidopsis thaliana

... splicing sites with the number of U in intron flank region larger than in exon flank region. This result was reversed for A, G, and C (Figure 2). Statistical analysis showed that there were significant differences in all four types of nucleotides with all the P values equal to or approximating zero. ...
Activation of the Interleukin-3 Gene by Chromosome
Activation of the Interleukin-3 Gene by Chromosome

... many cases the study of these translocations has led to the discovery or characterization of proto-oncogenes, such as bcl-2, c-abl, and c-myc, that are located adjacent to the translocation.’** It is now widely understood that cancerassociated translocations disrupt nearby proto-oncogenes. A distinc ...
A haploid genetics toolbox for Arabidopsis thaliana
A haploid genetics toolbox for Arabidopsis thaliana

... nbred (true-breeding) lines that are homozygous at virtually all loci enable both consistent production of superior hybrid plants as well as facile genetic analysis1–4. Traditional inbreeding, however, requires six to eight generations of selfing or sib-mating to generate inbred lines. For several cr ...
Role of the p21 Protein in the Fanconi Anemia Pathway
Role of the p21 Protein in the Fanconi Anemia Pathway

... • Treat HCT116 p21+/+ and HCT116 p21-/- cells with the DNAcrosslinking agent mitomycin C (MMC). • Allow cells to grow for about 10 days. • Stain with crystal violet to quantify cells that survived. • Observe whether cells lacking p21 (HCT116 p21-/-) are more sensitive to MMC than wild type cells (HC ...
user guide here
user guide here

... gVCF is a text file format, stored as a gzip compressed file (*.genome.vcf.gz). Compression is further achieved by joining contiguous non-variant regions with similar properties into single ‘block’ VCF records. To maximize the utility of gVCF, especially for high stringency applications, the proper ...
DNA METHODS FOR HLA TYPING A WORKBOOK FOR - ASHI-U
DNA METHODS FOR HLA TYPING A WORKBOOK FOR - ASHI-U

... The melting temperature (Tm) is defined as the temperature at which 50% of the DNA is hybridized (i.e., found in a double stranded form) and 50% is denatured. The Tm for a short piece of DNA can be estimated by [4 x G+C pairs] + [2 x A+T pairs]. The Tm is influenced by the base composition and the l ...
Unit 3 Resource
Unit 3 Resource

Package `biomartr`
Package `biomartr`

... refseqOrganisms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Index ...
Ensembl variation resources Open Access Database
Ensembl variation resources Open Access Database

... sampling multiple individuals of a given species with the goal of discovering new variants and characterising the population frequencies of the variants that are already known. These data have immense value for many studies, including those designed to understand evolution and connect genotype to ph ...
Tracing the Thread of Plastid Diversity through the Tapestry of Life
Tracing the Thread of Plastid Diversity through the Tapestry of Life

... Keywords: plastid, chloroplast, endosymbiosis, phylogeny, rubisco, apicomplexa. ...
Classification of Centers for Disease Control Group Eugonic
Classification of Centers for Disease Control Group Eugonic

... N. dentiae and strains from group EF-4a and EF-4b could all be distinguished through quantitative differences in their cellular fatty acid profiles (see Supplementary Table S1 in IJSEM Online). In particular, the relative distribution of 16 : 1v7c, 16 : 0 and 16 : 0 2-OH was useful to distinguish st ...
The role of the PXY-CLE signalling pathway in regulating cell
The role of the PXY-CLE signalling pathway in regulating cell

... Figure 3.5: Summary of the steps involved in production of transgenic poplars ..... 70 Figure 3.6: GUS staining of reporter gene lines ....................................................... 72 Figure 3.7: Phenotype of Populus tremula x P. tremuloides constitutively overexpressing PXY and CLE41. ... ...
The origin of eukaryotes and their relationship with the Archaea: are
The origin of eukaryotes and their relationship with the Archaea: are

... A limitation of concatenation approaches is that they require data sets of orthologues with largely overlapping taxonomic sampling, thereby restricting the number of analysed genes; this is especially true when studying the tree of life, because there are not many universal genes. Yutin et al.28 app ...
Host-Plasmid Interactions in Saccharomyces
Host-Plasmid Interactions in Saccharomyces

... Copy number of chimaeric plasmids in strains of drflerent ploidy The most plausible explanation for the observed increase in the stability of YRp7M with increasing ploidy is that its copy number increases proportionately, thus decreasing the probability of segregating plasmid-free cells in the absen ...
Trichothiodystrophy: Update on the sulfur
Trichothiodystrophy: Update on the sulfur

... Trichothiodystrophy: Update on the sulfurdeficient brittle hair syndromes Peter H. Itin, MD,a Alain Sarasin, PhD,b and Mark R. Pittelkow, MDc Aarau, Switzerland, Villejuif, France, and Rochester, Minnesota Trichothiodystrophy (TTD) refers to a heterogeneous group of autosomal recessive disorders tha ...
drosophila melanogaster.
drosophila melanogaster.

... all of the third chromosome where heterozygosity was artificially maintained in the selected region, and to a lesser extent in adjacent regions, due to linkage disequilibrium. I n summary, the results of recombination testing in the GI-Sb interval indicate that in four out of six of the original lin ...
Cocci.GR - Fungal Genome
Cocci.GR - Fungal Genome

... predicted that C. immitis and C. posadasii diverged approximately 12.8 MYA, but those efforts were limited to nine microsatellite loci and five nuclear genes (Fisher et al. 2000), (Koufopanou et al. 1998). Our whole genome analysis advances this estimate to approximately 5.1 MYA, due principally to ...
Respiratory terminal oxidases in the facultative chemoheterotrophic
Respiratory terminal oxidases in the facultative chemoheterotrophic

... Upon nitrogen step-down, some filamentous cyanobacteria differentiate heterocysts, cells specialized for dinitrogen fixation, a highly oxygen sensitive process. Aerobic respiration is one of the mechanisms responsible for a microaerobic environment in heterocysts and respiratory terminal oxidases ar ...
Genome-wide analysis by SNP Array
Genome-wide analysis by SNP Array

... FISH limits The known microdeletional syndromes and microrearrangements of the terminal regions are only a small part of the pathologies that can be diagnosed by FISH. There remain numerous syndromes linking ID, CA and dysmorphia of unknown origin which could be caused by chromosomal microrear-range ...
- Wiley Online Library
- Wiley Online Library

... and (ii) the use of this stored information in subsequent encounters to cleave an invader’s DNA. Immunological memory is stored within an array of identical repeats and non-identical spacers possessing homology to foreign elements (Heler et al., 2014). A surveillance complex is then generated throug ...
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Genome editing

Genome editing, or genome editing with engineered nucleases (GEEN) is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, replaced, or removed from a genome using artificially engineered nucleases, or ""molecular scissors."" The nucleases create specific double-stranded break (DSBs) at desired locations in the genome, and harness the cell’s endogenous mechanisms to repair the induced break by natural processes of homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). There are currently four families of engineered nucleases being used: Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), the CRISPR/Cas system, and engineered meganuclease re-engineered homing endonucleases.It is commonly practiced in genetic analysis that in order to understand the function of a gene or a protein function one interferes with it in a sequence-specific way and monitors its effects on the organism. However, in some organisms it is difficult or impossible to perform site-specific mutagenesis, and therefore more indirect methods have to be used, such as silencing the gene of interest by short RNA interference (siRNA) . Yet gene disruption by siRNA can be variable and incomplete. Genome editing with nucleases such as ZFN is different from siRNA in that the engineered nuclease is able to modify DNA-binding specificity and therefore can in principle cut any targeted position in the genome, and introduce modification of the endogenous sequences for genes that are impossible to specifically target by conventional RNAi. Furthermore, the specificity of ZFNs and TALENs are enhanced as two ZFNs are required in the recognition of their portion of the target and subsequently direct to the neighboring sequences.It was chosen by Nature Methods as the 2011 Method of the Year.
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