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Emended description of the order Chlamydiales, proposal of
Emended description of the order Chlamydiales, proposal of

... The current taxonomic classification of Chlamydia is based on limited phenotypic, morphologic and genetic criteria. This classification does not take into account recent analysis of the ribosomal operon or recently identified obligately intracellular organisms that have a chlamydia-like developmenta ...
Novel pathogen-specific primers for the detection of Agrobacterium
Novel pathogen-specific primers for the detection of Agrobacterium

... have a unique structure and T-DNA organization only distantly related to the most common octopine and nopaline type plasmids (CANADAY et al. 1992, GÉRARD et al. 1992). Since the pathogen systemically infects its host, propagating materials do play a key role in the dissemination of ...
Selecting Degenerate Multiplex PCR Primers
Selecting Degenerate Multiplex PCR Primers

... is to be amplified, two primers, generally referred to as the forward and reverse primers, are needed. In MP-PCR, it is necessary to select a forward and reverse primer for each of the regions to be replicated, and for the large-scale amplification required in SNP Genotyping, there can be hundreds, ...
MATRILINEAL, a sperm-specific phospholipase, triggers maize
MATRILINEAL, a sperm-specific phospholipase, triggers maize

... haploid genomes in inbred lines, shaving years off the breeding process1. Costly, genotype-dependent tissue culture methods are used in many crops2, while seed-based in vivo doubled haploid systems are rare in nature3 and difficult to manage in breeding programmes4. The multi-billion-dollar maize hy ...
Designing synthetic MLPA probes - MRC
Designing synthetic MLPA probes - MRC

... Hybridising parts of LPO and RPO. Bind to adjacent target DNA sequences. Probe oligonucleotide that is situated on the left when probe is shown from 5’ to 3’. Consists of forward PCR primer sequence (5’ end) and hybridising sequence (3’ end). 3’ nucleotide of LPO and 5’ nucleotide of RPO, where liga ...
Persistence and Loss of Meiotic Recombination
Persistence and Loss of Meiotic Recombination

... causes local differences in recombination initiation frequency. No consistent hotspot consensus sequence has been identified, although some patterns have emerged. For example, in Schizosaccharomyces pombe many hotspots are members of a family of sequences related to the cAMP response element (Fox et ...
Sideroblastic Anemias  Disorder Subdivisions Idiopathic Sideroblastic Anemia
Sideroblastic Anemias Disorder Subdivisions Idiopathic Sideroblastic Anemia

... investigation by more powerful analytical tools. The other disorder in this instance is, of course, Cooley's anemia, now known as ßthalassemia major (Cooley et al, 1927). The mutations of the ALAS-2 gene can be classified according to their effects on the enzyme product: low affinity for pyridoxal p ...
The novel transcriptional regulator SczA mediates
The novel transcriptional regulator SczA mediates

... There is a 243 bp intergenic region between czcD and spr1671, but no intergenic region between spr1671 and adhB (Fig. 1A). Thus, spr1671 and adhB are likely to be regulated by SczA either via PczcD or via a putative promoter just upstream of spr1671. To investigate this, a transcriptional lacZ fusio ...
Genetics Principles And Analysis
Genetics Principles And Analysis

... Daniel L. Hartl is a Professor of Biology at Harvard University. He received his B.S. degree and Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin. His research interests include molecular genetics, molecular evolution, and population genetics. Elizabeth W. Jones is a Professor of Biological Sciences at Carneg ...
Genetic Analysis of Variation in Human Meiotic Recombination
Genetic Analysis of Variation in Human Meiotic Recombination

... and males, respectively. The remaining four loci were not known to contribute to individual variation in genome-wide recombination rates. These results provide new information to study the regulation of meiotic recombination. ...
Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library
Standard PDF - Wiley Online Library

... mercial rat colonies, and found four distinct karyotype forms. Further analysis raised the number of distinct karyotype forms in rats to eight [15]. Karyotype forms of P. carinii f.sp. carinii have been shown to be stable for at least a year [8]. A particular karyotype form can occur in multiple col ...
Lesson Overview
Lesson Overview

... The Experiments of Gregor Mendel The modern science of genetics was founded by an Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel. Mendel was in charge of the monastery garden, where he was able to do the work that changed biology forever. Mendel carried out his work with ordinary garden peas, partly because peas ...
Wolbachia–host interactions: connecting phenotype to genotype
Wolbachia–host interactions: connecting phenotype to genotype

... parasites of insects is becoming complicated as an increasing number of papers describe a richer picture of Wolbachia-mediated phenotypes in insects. The search for the molecular basis for this phenotypic variability has been greatly aided by the recent sequencing of several Wolbachia genomes. These ...
Why are most organelle genomes transmitted maternally?
Why are most organelle genomes transmitted maternally?

... characteristic of the DNA-containing cell organelles: plastids (chloroplasts) and mitochondria. The non-Mendelian inheritance of organelles is predominantly uniparental, usually maternal. Thus, organelle inheritance can be recognized as reciprocal difference in sexual crosses (Fig. 1). Other feature ...
Intellectual property rights and innovation: Evidence from
Intellectual property rights and innovation: Evidence from

... My empirical analysis relies on a newly-constructed data set that traces out the distribution of Celera’s IP across the human genome over time, linked to gene-level measures of scientific research and product development outcomes. Whereas in most contexts it is not straightforward to trace the path ...
Evaluation of computational metabolic
Evaluation of computational metabolic

... that reaction. (2) Enzyme names are degenerate in the sense that the biomedical literature, and databases such as Swiss–Prot and Genbank, refer to a given enzymatic activity using many different names for the same activity, and occasionally, using the same name for different enzyme activities. (3) E ...
Sporulation in BhciZZus subtilis 168. Control of
Sporulation in BhciZZus subtilis 168. Control of

... temperature with a solution of p-nitrophenyl phosphate (15mg/ml in I -0M-diethanolamineHCI buffer, pH 10.0).Colonies with low alkaline phosphatase activity remained white, while normal colonies immediately turned a bright yellow. The white colonies were picked, streaked on glucose-glutamate minimal ...
Ribotyping of Clostridium perfringens from industrially produced
Ribotyping of Clostridium perfringens from industrially produced

... Among 111 Cl. perfringens isolates from ground meat 107 distinctly different ribotype patterns were detected. In only four cases two Cl. perfringens isolates showed an identical ribopattern. Figure 1 shows an example of the variability of the ribotype patterns. The number of DIG labelled bands of Cl ...
History of Discoveries in Molecular Biology
History of Discoveries in Molecular Biology

... like a Honey-comb, but that the pores of it were not regular. . . . these pores, or cells, . . . were indeed the first microscopical pores I ever saw, and perhaps, that were ever seen, for I had not met with any Writer or Person, that had made any mention of them before this. . . BTC 563 ...
Fanconi anemia and RAD50 deficiency: genetic and functional
Fanconi anemia and RAD50 deficiency: genetic and functional

... of this thesis is directed at the molecular, cellular and clinical aspects of two groups of inherited diseases that serve as models for the elucidation of causes and consequences of genetic instability. The genes whose defects cause these diseases are referred to as “caretaker” genes since they appe ...
A Physical Gene Map of the Bacteriophage P22 Late
A Physical Gene Map of the Bacteriophage P22 Late

... of P22 DNA by EcoRI has been shown to be a consequence of P22 DNA packaging (Jackson et al. 1978a). Because mature P22 DNA molecules are linear and circularly permuted, the cleavage map is circular (Jackson et al., 1978b). These mature chromosomes are generated by sequential headful packaging from a ...
Genetic studies of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis
Genetic studies of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis

... mechanisms has advanced significantly and several effective treatments have been developed. However, we still lack a cure for this common and enigmatic disease and many patients experience significant side effects from currently available treatments, including development of skin cancers in non-lesi ...
Plant synthetic biology
Plant synthetic biology

... for plant synthetic biology are available (Table 1). Moreover, novel tools dedicated for plant synthetic biology are being developed to address plant-specific questions. For example, CellModeller can be used to model cell–cell interactions during plant morphogenesis and is able to perform synthetic ...
Wolbachia John H. Werren and Jeremy D. Bartos
Wolbachia John H. Werren and Jeremy D. Bartos

... than to Ng/Nl (16 base pair differences), whereas the 3⬘ region is more closely related to Ng/Nl (2 base pair differences) than to Nv (36 base pair differences). A number of other methods for inferring phylogeny were also used to evaluate the sequence relationships. These methods include different n ...
Document
Document

... To understand the complete biological role of p53 protein and its mutant phenotype we need to study the gene at multiple levels: Genetics- mutant gene- mutant phenotype Now what? Genetics will relate specific mutation to specific phenotype It usually provides No Information about how the protein gen ...
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Genome editing

Genome editing, or genome editing with engineered nucleases (GEEN) is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, replaced, or removed from a genome using artificially engineered nucleases, or ""molecular scissors."" The nucleases create specific double-stranded break (DSBs) at desired locations in the genome, and harness the cell’s endogenous mechanisms to repair the induced break by natural processes of homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). There are currently four families of engineered nucleases being used: Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), the CRISPR/Cas system, and engineered meganuclease re-engineered homing endonucleases.It is commonly practiced in genetic analysis that in order to understand the function of a gene or a protein function one interferes with it in a sequence-specific way and monitors its effects on the organism. However, in some organisms it is difficult or impossible to perform site-specific mutagenesis, and therefore more indirect methods have to be used, such as silencing the gene of interest by short RNA interference (siRNA) . Yet gene disruption by siRNA can be variable and incomplete. Genome editing with nucleases such as ZFN is different from siRNA in that the engineered nuclease is able to modify DNA-binding specificity and therefore can in principle cut any targeted position in the genome, and introduce modification of the endogenous sequences for genes that are impossible to specifically target by conventional RNAi. Furthermore, the specificity of ZFNs and TALENs are enhanced as two ZFNs are required in the recognition of their portion of the target and subsequently direct to the neighboring sequences.It was chosen by Nature Methods as the 2011 Method of the Year.
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