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The Nicotiana tabacum genome encodes two cytoplasmic
The Nicotiana tabacum genome encodes two cytoplasmic

... KpnI (7.0 and 2.2 kb) digests. Additional bands of very low intensity (not visible in Fig. 1) were obtained with HindIII (one band), PstI (three), SpliI (one band) and KpnI (three bands). Copy number reconstruction with DNA digested with EcoRI indicates that there is approximately one gene copy per ...
Online resources for genetic variation study-Part One
Online resources for genetic variation study-Part One

... results from published studies.  Each OMIM record provides a summary of the current state of knowledge of the genetic basis of a disorder, which contains the following information:  description and clinical features of a disorder or a gene involved in genetic disorders;  biochemical and other fea ...
Azza Ahmed Ibrahim Abo senna_GST paper
Azza Ahmed Ibrahim Abo senna_GST paper

... Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are enzymes involved in the detoxification of several environmental mutagens, carcinogens and anticancer drugs. GST polymorphisms resulting in decreased enzymatic activity have been associated with several types of tumors. Using PCR, GSTT1 and GSTM1 genotypes were d ...
Tandem Genetic Duplications in Phage and Bacteria
Tandem Genetic Duplications in Phage and Bacteria

... recombination between the two copies should lead either to loss of the duplication or to further amplification (i.e. triplication) of the chromosomal segment. The events causing this instability are depicted in Figure 3 as recombinational events between nascent daughter chromosomes. Alternatively, l ...
Biology 30 June 1999 Grade 12 Diploma Exam
Biology 30 June 1999 Grade 12 Diploma Exam

... The genital tract of both females and males can play host to many disease-causing microbes. The sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) that can result include gonorrhea, syphilis, herpes, AIDS, genital warts, and chlamydia. These diseases, if untreated, may lead to brain and nervous system deteriorati ...
RT-PCR Analysis - Shiu Lab - Michigan State University
RT-PCR Analysis - Shiu Lab - Michigan State University

... Signature Sequencing) tags (Supplement F). The presence of RT-PCR products or other expression tags is shown in Figure 4 (right panel). Among these 4 different expression measures, the RT-PCR approach detects the highest number of PGs. In the 43 PGs with RT-PCR products, other expression tags suppor ...
Identity-by-descent filtering of exome sequence data for disease
Identity-by-descent filtering of exome sequence data for disease

... exome sequencing data obtained from two or more affected siblings with an autosomal recessive Mendelian disorder based upon the identification of chromosomal regions identical by descent (IBD) in the presence of noisy sequence data. In consanguineous families, affected individuals share two IBD hapl ...
Development and application of a positive
Development and application of a positive

... disruption of a gene and further associate phenotype and function by genotype restoration through the use of a single plasmid and a single positive selectable marker. Furthermore the negative selection system may also be adapted to facilitate other procedures such as ‘Hit and Run’ and ‘vector recycl ...
pdf
pdf

... are listed in Table 2. The strains in the genus Thauera were cultivated anaerobically in a minimal salts medium (19) with succinate as a carbon source and nitrate as an electron acceptor. All other strains were grown on M-R2A medium as described previously (26). A stable bacterial consortium from es ...
Probable presence of an ubiquitous cryptic mitochondrial gene on
Probable presence of an ubiquitous cryptic mitochondrial gene on

... cox1 genes of both eukaryotic mitochondria (protist, plant, fungal and animal) and alpha-proteobacteria. This putative gene has been named gau for gene antisense ubiquitous in mtDNAs. The length of the deduced protein is approximately 100 amino acids. In vertebrates, several stop codons have been fo ...
Number 48, 2001 35
Number 48, 2001 35

... agreement with this possibility, a low frequency of mutants for loci covered by the duplication was observed, amongst the survivors (Perkins et al. 1997 Genetics 147:125-136). In addition, molecular analysis of a few mutant alleles generated by RIP in a segmental duplication indicated a very low GC- ...
Mycoplasma genitalium: a brief review
Mycoplasma genitalium: a brief review

... their membrane proteins that are expressed on the surface. They are able to generate a high frequency of intragenomic variation in nucleotide sequence or DNA arrangement at selected chromosomal loci, promoting random phenotypic variation as a result of constantly changing host environments.52,53 The ...
18S Ribosomal RNA and Tetrapod Phylogeny
18S Ribosomal RNA and Tetrapod Phylogeny

... et al., 1996). It did not. Second, the substitution pattern is biased favoring U ↔ C transitions in rRNA genes (Marshall, 1992). This bias is expected and is mainly caused by the fact that the nucleotide G can pair with either U or C in maintaining the secondary structure of the rRNA molecule. For e ...
DNA structure, function and metabolism. File
DNA structure, function and metabolism. File

... What Is Biotechnology?  Using scientific methods with organisms to produce new products or new forms of organisms  Any technique that uses living organisms or substances from those organisms to make or modify a product, to improve plants or animals, or to develop microorganisms for specific uses ...
Chapter 29 Slides
Chapter 29 Slides

... Biochemistry 2/e - Garrett & Grisham ...
rec-mediated recombinational hot spot activity in bacteriophage
rec-mediated recombinational hot spot activity in bacteriophage

... In addition to the phage genes int and red, other genes which cluster nearby on the map code for recombination-associated functions. I n particular, the gam gene product is known to interact with the recB-recc DNase (SAKAKIet al. 1973) and, as a consequence, presumably modifies the host Rec recombin ...
3. Inheritance and hereditary
3. Inheritance and hereditary

... reproduce (i.e., Drosophila, humans, and most other common animal species) (Fig 5A [SGF1005]). Organisms that can self-fertilize include those that reproduce without being crossed to another (Fig. 5B), such as C. elegans and some plant species. For the analysis of inheritance pattern, microbes that ...
Disintegrin, hemorrhagic, and proteolytic activities of Mohave
Disintegrin, hemorrhagic, and proteolytic activities of Mohave

... They inhibit cell – cell, cell – matrix interactions and signal transduction (McLane et al., 2004). Due to their binding abilities, disintegrins have a great potential in biomedical applications such as inhibiting angiogenesis and tumor progression in vivo (Markland and Zhou, 2000). However, heretof ...
29th International Conference on Animal Genetics ISAG2004/TOKYO
29th International Conference on Animal Genetics ISAG2004/TOKYO

... Chair: Denis Milan (INRA, France) ...
Got Lactase? The Co-evolution of Genes and Culture
Got Lactase? The Co-evolution of Genes and Culture

CHAPTER 7 TUNING THE DRAGON PROMOTER FINDER SYSTEM FOR HUMAN PROMOTER RECOGNITION
CHAPTER 7 TUNING THE DRAGON PROMOTER FINDER SYSTEM FOR HUMAN PROMOTER RECOGNITION

... 1.15Mbp of diverse sequences containing 159 transcription start sites, Dragon Promoter Finder attains several folds less false positives than other systems at the same level of sensitivity. ...
Proviral amplification of the Gypsy endogenous retrovirus of
Proviral amplification of the Gypsy endogenous retrovirus of

... Fig. 1. Structure and expression of the gypsy constructs. (A) Organization of the gypsy element and the Act-env construct. Numbers refer to gypsy nucleotides (Marlor et al., 1986). Boxes correspond to ORFs. Two long terminal repeats (LTRs), shown by right-pointing arrowheads, flank a central region ...
Systematic and Applied Microbiology - digital
Systematic and Applied Microbiology - digital

... Results and discussion These sequences of strains BIFI-56 and BIFI-58 showed a 100% identity to the same fragment of the16S rRNA sequence from the E. faecium type strain (ATCC 19434, DSM 20477).Therefore the 16S rRNA sequence revealed that both strains were E. faecium isolates. In order to know if ...
Eds., N. Hamamura, S. Suzuki, S. Mendo, C. M. Barroso,... © by TERRAPUB, 2010.
Eds., N. Hamamura, S. Suzuki, S. Mendo, C. M. Barroso,... © by TERRAPUB, 2010.

... PCR was carried out in 50 µl reaction mixture consisting of 3.0 mM MgCl2, 0.3 pmol of each oligonucleotide (Table 1), 0.2 mM of each dATP, dCTP, dGTP, and dTTP, 1 × green GoTaq®Flexi Buffer (Promega, USA), 1 U GoTaq® DNA polymerase (Promega, USA), 10–100 ng plasmid DNA of clone 69. Twenty-five ampli ...
030929 Må - DiVA portal
030929 Må - DiVA portal

... crude extracts from North American fireflies. They described the importance of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in the light reaction catalyzed by firefly luciferase. It became evident that firefly luciferase could be used as a tool to detect ATP and study systems where ATP is being formed or consumed. ...
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Genome editing

Genome editing, or genome editing with engineered nucleases (GEEN) is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, replaced, or removed from a genome using artificially engineered nucleases, or ""molecular scissors."" The nucleases create specific double-stranded break (DSBs) at desired locations in the genome, and harness the cell’s endogenous mechanisms to repair the induced break by natural processes of homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). There are currently four families of engineered nucleases being used: Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), the CRISPR/Cas system, and engineered meganuclease re-engineered homing endonucleases.It is commonly practiced in genetic analysis that in order to understand the function of a gene or a protein function one interferes with it in a sequence-specific way and monitors its effects on the organism. However, in some organisms it is difficult or impossible to perform site-specific mutagenesis, and therefore more indirect methods have to be used, such as silencing the gene of interest by short RNA interference (siRNA) . Yet gene disruption by siRNA can be variable and incomplete. Genome editing with nucleases such as ZFN is different from siRNA in that the engineered nuclease is able to modify DNA-binding specificity and therefore can in principle cut any targeted position in the genome, and introduce modification of the endogenous sequences for genes that are impossible to specifically target by conventional RNAi. Furthermore, the specificity of ZFNs and TALENs are enhanced as two ZFNs are required in the recognition of their portion of the target and subsequently direct to the neighboring sequences.It was chosen by Nature Methods as the 2011 Method of the Year.
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