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Chapter 2 SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT
Chapter 2 SEQUENCE ALIGNMENT

... Gibbs sampler which is another method for searching local similarities and local alignment. 2.1.3 The simple scoring scheme needs extension ...
Horizontal gene transfer from flowering plants to Gnetum
Horizontal gene transfer from flowering plants to Gnetum

... primers specific for each intron type and sequencing entire introns together with parts of exons b and c, we confirmed (i) the presence of gymnosperm-type introns and exons in all accessions of Gnetum except Gnetum africanum and (ii) the additional presence of angiosperm-type introns and exons in 19 ...
Integrated mapping and characterization of the gene underlying the
Integrated mapping and characterization of the gene underlying the

... have originated from relatively recent interspecific hybridization events between an A-genome-like ancestral species similar to modern G.  arboreum or G.  herbaceum and a D-genome-like species similar to modern Gossypium raimondii (D5; Wendel and Cronn, 2003). The leaf shape of most of the G. hirsut ...
New variants of the tet(M) gene in Clostridium
New variants of the tet(M) gene in Clostridium

... other two isolates harbouring tet(M)1 for the hypothesized presence of two Tn916-like elements in the chromosome. However, the sequencing of the tet(M) region in these strains revealed that there was no superimposition of different PCR products, suggesting that if two elements were present both elem ...
Quantitative analysis of SMN1 and SMN2 genes based on DHPLC
Quantitative analysis of SMN1 and SMN2 genes based on DHPLC

... These two SMN genes are highly homologous and differ in only two nucleotides in the coding region. These nucleotide differences, located in exons 7 and 8, allow the SMN1 gene to be distinguished from the SMN2 gene [Lefebvre et al., 1995]. It has been reported that approximately 94% of SMA patients w ...
Presence of multiple group I introns closely 23S rRNAs of lichen-forming
Presence of multiple group I introns closely 23S rRNAs of lichen-forming

... LAGLIDADG family of HE comprises more than 200 proteins and is the most diverse of the HE families since its members are present in the genomes of plant and algal chloroplasts, fungal and protozoan mitochondria, bacteria, and archaea [37]. One reason for the wide distribution of these proteins appea ...
Computational Definition of
Computational Definition of

... sequence families comprising 2069 putative exonic enhancers and 974 putative exonic silencers. Representatives of each class indeed functioned as enhancers or silencers when inserted into a test exon and assayed in transfected mammalian cells. As a class, the enhancer sequencers were more prevalent ...
Regulatory Motifs in DNA Sequences
Regulatory Motifs in DNA Sequences

... • Examine frequencies of l-tuples, combinations of 2 symbols, 3 symbols, etc. • “The” is the most frequent 3-tuple in English and “;48” is the most frequent 3tuple in the encrypted text • Make inferences of unknown symbols by examining other frequent l-tuples ...
Notes for Chaper 4 of the Jones/Pevzer book
Notes for Chaper 4 of the Jones/Pevzer book

... • Nucleotides in motifs encode for a message in the “genetic” language. Symbols in “The Gold Bug” encode for a message in English • In order to solve the problem, we analyze the frequencies of patterns in DNA/Gold Bug message. • Knowledge of established regulatory motifs makes the Motif Finding prob ...
BT314 Virology
BT314 Virology

... regulation — the processes that control the expression of genetic information. The focus in molecular genetics is the gene — its structure, organization, and function. Population genetics explores the genetic composition of groups of individual members of the same species (populations) and how that ...
Introduction to Genetics
Introduction to Genetics

... regulation — the processes that control the expression of genetic information. The focus in molecular genetics is the gene — its structure, organization, and function. Population genetics explores the genetic composition of groups of individual members of the same species (populations) and how that ...
What is p53
What is p53

... oncogenic forms of human papillomavirus (HPV E6). In cells, p53 can associate with a 90-kD protein, identified as the product of the mdm-2 oncogene, which is amplified in some types of tumors. When bound to mdm-2, p53 can no longer function as an activator of transcription. p53 plays multiple roles ...
Identity elements in tRNA-mediated transcription
Identity elements in tRNA-mediated transcription

... Fig. 3. Effect of native and chimeric tRNAs on transcription antitermination in the trpE-lacZ fusion. RNA was isolated from L. lactis cells after a growth medium shift as indicated in Methods and used to prepare a Northern blot that was hybridized with a lacZ-specific probe to visualize full length ...
Forche et al. 2008 PLoS Biology
Forche et al. 2008 PLoS Biology

... hybridization arrays we have now analyzed the genotypes of products from the C. albicans parasexual cycle. We show that the parasexual cycle generates progeny strains with shuffled combinations of the eight C. albicans chromosomes. In addition, several isolates had undergone extensive genetic recomb ...
The Parasexual Cycle in Candida albicans Provides an
The Parasexual Cycle in Candida albicans Provides an

... hybridization arrays we have now analyzed the genotypes of products from the C. albicans parasexual cycle. We show that the parasexual cycle generates progeny strains with shuffled combinations of the eight C. albicans chromosomes. In addition, several isolates had undergone extensive genetic recomb ...
to view
to view

... material? Theoretically it is a big question but you can answer this question by drawing diagram of the experiment conducted on Bacteriophage by Hershey and Chase too. And you will get full marks for it in the board exam. Importance of reading NCERT Books NCERT is the best book for preparing Biology ...
Gene Section MLL (myeloid/lymphoid or mixed lineage leukemia) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics
Gene Section MLL (myeloid/lymphoid or mixed lineage leukemia) Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics

... Local order: Telomeric to PLZF, centromeric from RCK. ...
Strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Other
Strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Other

... nitrogen source and with its carbon and energy needs satisfied by glucose, glycerol, and various simple organic acids, including citrate (which cannot be utilized by E. coli). It has the smooth LPS normal for the species, including O factor 5 (determined by an acetyl group on the abequose branch of ...
Molecular and genetic characterization of genes involved in maize
Molecular and genetic characterization of genes involved in maize

... properties that help prevent desiccation of the plant (Hadley, 1989). In addition, cuticular waxes have a reflective property that provides protection from UV radiation (Reicosky and Hanover, 1987). Cuticular waxes have also been shown to have important roles in protection from frost induced injury ...
Product description P003-D1 MLH1-MSH2-v01 - MRC
Product description P003-D1 MLH1-MSH2-v01 - MRC

... data analysis. Neither should it be used in quantification of mutation signals, as for this purpose true mutation positive patient samples or cell lines should be used. It is strongly advised to use sample and reference DNA extracted with the same method and derived from the same source of tissue. F ...
Mapping  Mendelian  Factors  Underlying  Quantitative ... Using RFLP  Linkage  Maps Eric
Mapping Mendelian Factors Underlying Quantitative ... Using RFLP Linkage Maps Eric

... interval-z. e., at themaximum distance from the nearest RFLP. (These calculations use the Haldane mapping function, corresponding to no interference.) (iii) The approach does not define the likely position of the QTL. In particular, it cannot distinguish between tight linkage to a Q T L with small e ...
Evolutionary dynamics of CRISPR gene drives
Evolutionary dynamics of CRISPR gene drives

... anticipated to arise whenever the cell repairs the drive-induced DSB using non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) instead of HR, a process which typically introduces a small insertion or deletion mutation at the target sequence. Because the reported constructs cut only at a single site, a large fraction ...
PHI-Canto video tutorial slides - PHI-base
PHI-Canto video tutorial slides - PHI-base

... Can only have ONE assigned curator per PubMed ID to prevent duplications Key point 2: Each author can have several papers under curation at the same time ...
WOTD - Brookwood High School
WOTD - Brookwood High School

... chromosomes to separate during meiosis. ...
Molecular analysis of the γ heavy chain of
Molecular analysis of the γ heavy chain of

... on additional axonemal DHCs will be important for determining which regions are conserved among all dyneins, which are conserved only between axonemal dyneins, and which are specific to individual DHCs. Ultimately, identification of functional domains in DHCs will benefit from in vitro mutagenesis o ...
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Genome editing

Genome editing, or genome editing with engineered nucleases (GEEN) is a type of genetic engineering in which DNA is inserted, replaced, or removed from a genome using artificially engineered nucleases, or ""molecular scissors."" The nucleases create specific double-stranded break (DSBs) at desired locations in the genome, and harness the cell’s endogenous mechanisms to repair the induced break by natural processes of homologous recombination (HR) and nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ). There are currently four families of engineered nucleases being used: Zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nucleases (TALENs), the CRISPR/Cas system, and engineered meganuclease re-engineered homing endonucleases.It is commonly practiced in genetic analysis that in order to understand the function of a gene or a protein function one interferes with it in a sequence-specific way and monitors its effects on the organism. However, in some organisms it is difficult or impossible to perform site-specific mutagenesis, and therefore more indirect methods have to be used, such as silencing the gene of interest by short RNA interference (siRNA) . Yet gene disruption by siRNA can be variable and incomplete. Genome editing with nucleases such as ZFN is different from siRNA in that the engineered nuclease is able to modify DNA-binding specificity and therefore can in principle cut any targeted position in the genome, and introduce modification of the endogenous sequences for genes that are impossible to specifically target by conventional RNAi. Furthermore, the specificity of ZFNs and TALENs are enhanced as two ZFNs are required in the recognition of their portion of the target and subsequently direct to the neighboring sequences.It was chosen by Nature Methods as the 2011 Method of the Year.
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