Voiumon Numberi7i983 NucleicAcids Research
... Figure 2 displays the nucleotide sequence for 2,709 bp spanning the entire tet region of RP1 and table 1 lists the recognition sites within this region for various class II restriction endonucleases. It should be noted that the sequence derived here is contiguous with that previously determined for ...
... Figure 2 displays the nucleotide sequence for 2,709 bp spanning the entire tet region of RP1 and table 1 lists the recognition sites within this region for various class II restriction endonucleases. It should be noted that the sequence derived here is contiguous with that previously determined for ...
Analyses of human–chimpanzee orthologous gene
... being aC and sC the total number of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions in category C. Likewise, we identified slowly evolving categories by calculating the probability of observing an equal or smaller number of nonsynonymous substitutions. This method allowed us to identify categories that h ...
... being aC and sC the total number of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions in category C. Likewise, we identified slowly evolving categories by calculating the probability of observing an equal or smaller number of nonsynonymous substitutions. This method allowed us to identify categories that h ...
The human autosomal gene DAZLA: testis
... at least three genes on Yq11 are required for normal spermatogenesis (11). Two candidate genes (or gene families), RBM and DAZ/SPGY1, have been isolated from Yq11 (8,12,13). Both show testis specific expression, and both encode proteins with an RNA binding motif. In addition, RBM encodes four copies ...
... at least three genes on Yq11 are required for normal spermatogenesis (11). Two candidate genes (or gene families), RBM and DAZ/SPGY1, have been isolated from Yq11 (8,12,13). Both show testis specific expression, and both encode proteins with an RNA binding motif. In addition, RBM encodes four copies ...
Plant Genome Resources at the National Center for Biotechnology
... The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) integrates data from more than 20 biological databases through a flexible search and retrieval system called Entrez. A core Entrez database, Entrez Nucleotide, includes GenBank and is tightly linked to the NCBI Taxonomy database, the Entrez Pr ...
... The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) integrates data from more than 20 biological databases through a flexible search and retrieval system called Entrez. A core Entrez database, Entrez Nucleotide, includes GenBank and is tightly linked to the NCBI Taxonomy database, the Entrez Pr ...
Genome organization of Magnaporthe grisea
... integrated map showed that the linear order of markers along all seven chromosomes in both maps is in good agreement. Thirty of eighty seven markers were derived from cosmid clones that contained the retrotransposon MAGGY (M. grisea gypsy element). Mapping of singlecopy DNA sequences associated with ...
... integrated map showed that the linear order of markers along all seven chromosomes in both maps is in good agreement. Thirty of eighty seven markers were derived from cosmid clones that contained the retrotransposon MAGGY (M. grisea gypsy element). Mapping of singlecopy DNA sequences associated with ...
Genomic imprinting and human disease
... known imprinted genes are arranged in clusters of several tens up to thousands of kilobases (kb) in size. Imprinted gene expression across these evolutionarily conserved clusters is regulated by ICRs (imprinting control regions), essential DNA sequence elements that are up to several kilobases in si ...
... known imprinted genes are arranged in clusters of several tens up to thousands of kilobases (kb) in size. Imprinted gene expression across these evolutionarily conserved clusters is regulated by ICRs (imprinting control regions), essential DNA sequence elements that are up to several kilobases in si ...
Conflicting patterns of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA diversity in
... most species nonrecombining, characteristics that make analysis of mtDNA sequence data more straightforward than analysis of nuclear genes from diploid organisms. That the mitochondrion may not accurately reflect patterns of variation in the nuclear genome and sometimes could be seriously biased is ...
... most species nonrecombining, characteristics that make analysis of mtDNA sequence data more straightforward than analysis of nuclear genes from diploid organisms. That the mitochondrion may not accurately reflect patterns of variation in the nuclear genome and sometimes could be seriously biased is ...
Molecular Cloning of Streptococcus bovis Lactose
... It has recently been suggested that the genetic manipulation of certain rumen bacteria could result in an enhanced efficiency of livestock production (Smith & Hespell, 1983; Armstrong & Gilbert, 1985). Progress in this field is hampered by the limited genetic analysis of important rumen bacteria; co ...
... It has recently been suggested that the genetic manipulation of certain rumen bacteria could result in an enhanced efficiency of livestock production (Smith & Hespell, 1983; Armstrong & Gilbert, 1985). Progress in this field is hampered by the limited genetic analysis of important rumen bacteria; co ...
Origin of the eukaryotic cell
... the origin of eukaryotic cell (Albani et al. 2010). The relationship among three domains, Eukaryotes, Bacteria and Archaea, in the tree of life was investigated in this project through phylogenies constructed from two mitochondrial transmembrane proteins HSP70 and HSP60. The trees were rooted with a ...
... the origin of eukaryotic cell (Albani et al. 2010). The relationship among three domains, Eukaryotes, Bacteria and Archaea, in the tree of life was investigated in this project through phylogenies constructed from two mitochondrial transmembrane proteins HSP70 and HSP60. The trees were rooted with a ...
Fusion Detection using Archer Analysis
... candidate. At least 23 bp need to be mapped on either side of the apparent breakpoint to be a valid fusion candidate read. NOTE: Reads from a paired-end read library where each read maps completely to a single gene but each to a separate gene is NOT considered a fusion candidate due to the high fals ...
... candidate. At least 23 bp need to be mapped on either side of the apparent breakpoint to be a valid fusion candidate read. NOTE: Reads from a paired-end read library where each read maps completely to a single gene but each to a separate gene is NOT considered a fusion candidate due to the high fals ...
alternatively-spliced protein sequences derived
... Many proteins exist in more than one isoform, one cause of which is differential splicing: up to 30% of human genes are believed to exist in alternatively spliced isoforms. Isoforms may differ quite considerably from one another, with potentially less than 50% sequence similarity. In the SWISS-PROT ...
... Many proteins exist in more than one isoform, one cause of which is differential splicing: up to 30% of human genes are believed to exist in alternatively spliced isoforms. Isoforms may differ quite considerably from one another, with potentially less than 50% sequence similarity. In the SWISS-PROT ...
Homeotic selector genes
... – since there are multiple copies of each HOM-C gene, it is difficult to obtain perfect homeotic transformations • important concept: functional redundancy • this means that the if one gene is knocked out, the remaining paralogous genes can partially compensate – HOX-C and HOM-C genes bind to the sa ...
... – since there are multiple copies of each HOM-C gene, it is difficult to obtain perfect homeotic transformations • important concept: functional redundancy • this means that the if one gene is knocked out, the remaining paralogous genes can partially compensate – HOX-C and HOM-C genes bind to the sa ...
The Genetics of Alcohol Metabolism
... In higher organisms, including humans, the genes encoding the various components of the body are not just simple stretches of DNA that serve as a template from which proteins are generated. Instead, they have a complex structure involv ing, in some cases, dozens of pieces of coding sequences inters ...
... In higher organisms, including humans, the genes encoding the various components of the body are not just simple stretches of DNA that serve as a template from which proteins are generated. Instead, they have a complex structure involv ing, in some cases, dozens of pieces of coding sequences inters ...
Genome Rearrangements Caused by Depletion of Essential DNA
... developed elaborate mechanisms to prevent errors in replication and to respond to spontaneous DNA damage that can lead to genomic instability (Kolodner et al. 2002; Branzei and Foiani 2007, 2009, 2010; Harper and Elledge 2007; Cimprich and Cortez 2008). The failure to repair the genome in an error-f ...
... developed elaborate mechanisms to prevent errors in replication and to respond to spontaneous DNA damage that can lead to genomic instability (Kolodner et al. 2002; Branzei and Foiani 2007, 2009, 2010; Harper and Elledge 2007; Cimprich and Cortez 2008). The failure to repair the genome in an error-f ...
The Functional Organization of the Vestigial Locus in Drosophila
... extended duration of first and third larval instars, pupal lethality, and leg and abdominal abnormalities; Erk and Podraza 1986; Bownes and Roberts 1981a; Borot and Goux 1981). All but two extant extreme vg alleles are completely recessive and define a single complementation group in that they are n ...
... extended duration of first and third larval instars, pupal lethality, and leg and abdominal abnormalities; Erk and Podraza 1986; Bownes and Roberts 1981a; Borot and Goux 1981). All but two extant extreme vg alleles are completely recessive and define a single complementation group in that they are n ...
Ch. 7: Presentation Slides
... • Tandem duplications = repeated segments are adjacent • Tandem duplications often result from unequal crossing-over due to mispairing of homologous chromosomes during meiotic recombination ...
... • Tandem duplications = repeated segments are adjacent • Tandem duplications often result from unequal crossing-over due to mispairing of homologous chromosomes during meiotic recombination ...
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
... • A genome is an organism’s complete set of DNA, including all of its genes. • Each genome contains all of the information needed to build and maintain that organism. • In humans, a copy of the entire genome—more than 3 billion DNA base pairs—is contained in all cells that have a nucleus. ...
... • A genome is an organism’s complete set of DNA, including all of its genes. • Each genome contains all of the information needed to build and maintain that organism. • In humans, a copy of the entire genome—more than 3 billion DNA base pairs—is contained in all cells that have a nucleus. ...
Drugs and addiction: an introduction to epigenetics
... development of mental illness is gradual, and often shows a chronic relapsing course over a life-time [31]. The reversal of symptoms in response to treatment is slow, occurring over weeks to months, and chronic administration of psychiatric medications is often required for their full clinical effec ...
... development of mental illness is gradual, and often shows a chronic relapsing course over a life-time [31]. The reversal of symptoms in response to treatment is slow, occurring over weeks to months, and chronic administration of psychiatric medications is often required for their full clinical effec ...
the genome of herpes simplex virus: structure, replication and
... became productive after analyses of the nature of defective HSV D N A species. As with many other virus types, defective species are obtained when HSV is repeatedly passaged at high multiplicity. The H SV defective DNAs were found to consist of tandem repeats of sequences derived from the standard g ...
... became productive after analyses of the nature of defective HSV D N A species. As with many other virus types, defective species are obtained when HSV is repeatedly passaged at high multiplicity. The H SV defective DNAs were found to consist of tandem repeats of sequences derived from the standard g ...
Name
... Homologous chromosomes are not identical because the DNA sequence of a gene at a particular locus may vary from its homolog. Alternative versions of a gene are called alleles. All somatic cells (cells in the body excluding the sperm and egg cells) are diploid. Diploid cells are designated 2N. Haploi ...
... Homologous chromosomes are not identical because the DNA sequence of a gene at a particular locus may vary from its homolog. Alternative versions of a gene are called alleles. All somatic cells (cells in the body excluding the sperm and egg cells) are diploid. Diploid cells are designated 2N. Haploi ...
Topic 8 - OoCities
... The chromosomes are visible here and each chromosome is composed of two sister chromatids attached at the centromere. Each two chromosomes of a pair come close together and are crossed at areas called chiasmata. The process of crossing over occurs between the chromatids of the two homologous chromos ...
... The chromosomes are visible here and each chromosome is composed of two sister chromatids attached at the centromere. Each two chromosomes of a pair come close together and are crossed at areas called chiasmata. The process of crossing over occurs between the chromatids of the two homologous chromos ...
Mutations: The Effect On Phenotype
... how and why the ability to taste certain compounds differs from person to person. In the 1930’s scientists discovered that some people can taste a bitter compound known as PTC (phenylthiocarbamide), while others cannot. In order to taste something, a receptor on the tongue bindsi a specific chemical ...
... how and why the ability to taste certain compounds differs from person to person. In the 1930’s scientists discovered that some people can taste a bitter compound known as PTC (phenylthiocarbamide), while others cannot. In order to taste something, a receptor on the tongue bindsi a specific chemical ...
Genome-Wide Analysis of Core Cell Cycle Genes in
... Nevertheless, a genome-wide inventory of all core cell cycle genes is possible only when the available raw sequence data are annotated correctly. Although genome-wide annotations of organisms sequenced by large consortia have produced huge amounts of information that benefits the scientific communit ...
... Nevertheless, a genome-wide inventory of all core cell cycle genes is possible only when the available raw sequence data are annotated correctly. Although genome-wide annotations of organisms sequenced by large consortia have produced huge amounts of information that benefits the scientific communit ...
Human genome
The human genome is the complete set of nucleic acid sequence for humans (Homo sapiens), encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria. Human genomes include both protein-coding DNA genes and noncoding DNA. Haploid human genomes, which are contained in germ cells (the egg and sperm gamete cells created in the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction before fertilization creates a zygote) consist of three billion DNA base pairs, while diploid genomes (found in somatic cells) have twice the DNA content. While there are significant differences among the genomes of human individuals (on the order of 0.1%), these are considerably smaller than the differences between humans and their closest living relatives, the chimpanzees (approximately 4%) and bonobos. Humans share 50% of their DNA with bananas.The Human Genome Project produced the first complete sequences of individual human genomes, with the first draft sequence and initial analysis being published on February 12, 2001. The human genome was the first of all vertebrates to be completely sequenced. As of 2012, thousands of human genomes have been completely sequenced, and many more have been mapped at lower levels of resolution. The resulting data are used worldwide in biomedical science, anthropology, forensics and other branches of science. There is a widely held expectation that genomic studies will lead to advances in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and to new insights in many fields of biology, including human evolution.Although the sequence of the human genome has been (almost) completely determined by DNA sequencing, it is not yet fully understood. Most (though probably not all) genes have been identified by a combination of high throughput experimental and bioinformatics approaches, yet much work still needs to be done to further elucidate the biological functions of their protein and RNA products. Recent results suggest that most of the vast quantities of noncoding DNA within the genome have associated biochemical activities, including regulation of gene expression, organization of chromosome architecture, and signals controlling epigenetic inheritance.There are an estimated 20,000-25,000 human protein-coding genes. The estimate of the number of human genes has been repeatedly revised down from initial predictions of 100,000 or more as genome sequence quality and gene finding methods have improved, and could continue to drop further. Protein-coding sequences account for only a very small fraction of the genome (approximately 1.5%), and the rest is associated with non-coding RNA molecules, regulatory DNA sequences, LINEs, SINEs, introns, and sequences for which as yet no function has been elucidated.