Identification and characterisation of Bacillus subtilis as cellulase
... same strain based on the 16S rDNA gene sequences. Amplification using two primer sets encoding CelL15 and CelL73 genes showed that only C12 contained both the cellulase genes while C4 and EB6 contained only one cellulase gene. Assays on their individual enzyme activities (total cellulase activity) w ...
... same strain based on the 16S rDNA gene sequences. Amplification using two primer sets encoding CelL15 and CelL73 genes showed that only C12 contained both the cellulase genes while C4 and EB6 contained only one cellulase gene. Assays on their individual enzyme activities (total cellulase activity) w ...
Does premature aging of the mtDNA mutator mouse prove that
... details of the data analysis and validation). As shown in Fig. 1, levels of mtDNA mutations in human tissues are more than an order of magnitude lower than in mutator mice. In our opinion, this huge gap in mtDNA mutant fractions makes it difficult to conclude that the same types of mutations are cau ...
... details of the data analysis and validation). As shown in Fig. 1, levels of mtDNA mutations in human tissues are more than an order of magnitude lower than in mutator mice. In our opinion, this huge gap in mtDNA mutant fractions makes it difficult to conclude that the same types of mutations are cau ...
H4K20me1 Contributes to Downregulation of X
... primarily confined to transcribed regions, while on the X, H4K20me1 is elevated across the chromosome, including regions that are more than 5 kb from any annotated gene feature (Figure 1D). This widespread distribution of H4K20me1 on the X chromosome suggests a role in chromosome-wide regulation of ...
... primarily confined to transcribed regions, while on the X, H4K20me1 is elevated across the chromosome, including regions that are more than 5 kb from any annotated gene feature (Figure 1D). This widespread distribution of H4K20me1 on the X chromosome suggests a role in chromosome-wide regulation of ...
Genome-wide scan of bipolar disorder in 65 pedigrees: supportive evidence for linkage at 8q24, 18q22, 4q32, 2p12, and 13q12.
... not in the Marshfield data set. There were 12 order discrepancies on seven chromosomes where the order of two markers was reversed; the order that was most likely based on the flips analysis in our data was used. The average spacing of markers was 4.7 cM, there were 14 gaps of 15 cM or greater and o ...
... not in the Marshfield data set. There were 12 order discrepancies on seven chromosomes where the order of two markers was reversed; the order that was most likely based on the flips analysis in our data was used. The average spacing of markers was 4.7 cM, there were 14 gaps of 15 cM or greater and o ...
ARTICLES - Weizmann Institute of Science
... We next asked whether the genome’s intrinsic encoding of nucleosome occupancy varies across different types of chromosomal regions, including centromeres, telomeres, intergenic and coding regions, and specific gene classes (Fig. 4a and Supplementary Fig. 34). Indeed, several types of regions had mar ...
... We next asked whether the genome’s intrinsic encoding of nucleosome occupancy varies across different types of chromosomal regions, including centromeres, telomeres, intergenic and coding regions, and specific gene classes (Fig. 4a and Supplementary Fig. 34). Indeed, several types of regions had mar ...
Probable presence of an ubiquitous cryptic mitochondrial gene on
... potentially functional gau regions have been found in nuclear genomes. However, a recent bioinformatics study showed that several hypothetical overlapping mt genes could be predicted, including gau; this involves the possible import of the cytosolic AGR tRNA into the mitochondria and/or the expressi ...
... potentially functional gau regions have been found in nuclear genomes. However, a recent bioinformatics study showed that several hypothetical overlapping mt genes could be predicted, including gau; this involves the possible import of the cytosolic AGR tRNA into the mitochondria and/or the expressi ...
Dissecting Gene Expression Changes Accompanying a Ploidy
... resembling laboratory strains. Our two disomes displayed similar transcriptional profiles, a phenomenon not driven by their shared smooth colony morphology nor simply by their karyotype. Surprisingly, the environmental stress response (ESR) was induced in F45, relative to the two disomes. We also id ...
... resembling laboratory strains. Our two disomes displayed similar transcriptional profiles, a phenomenon not driven by their shared smooth colony morphology nor simply by their karyotype. Surprisingly, the environmental stress response (ESR) was induced in F45, relative to the two disomes. We also id ...
Chromosomal Basis of Inherited Disorders
... enzymes that cut and paste DNA sequences). Unless they disrupt a gene sequence, inversions only change the orientation of genes and are likely to have more mild eects than aneuploid errors. However, altered gene orientation can result in functional changes because regulators of gene expression coul ...
... enzymes that cut and paste DNA sequences). Unless they disrupt a gene sequence, inversions only change the orientation of genes and are likely to have more mild eects than aneuploid errors. However, altered gene orientation can result in functional changes because regulators of gene expression coul ...
Analysing complex genetic traits with chromosome
... for the strain combination of interest. For the mouse, a total of 21 strains must be constructed through a ‘marker-assisted’ breeding program of roughly 2–3 years in duration. To create a CSS for chromosome i, one starts with (A×B)F1 progeny and performs successive backcrosses to strain A (Fig. 2). ...
... for the strain combination of interest. For the mouse, a total of 21 strains must be constructed through a ‘marker-assisted’ breeding program of roughly 2–3 years in duration. To create a CSS for chromosome i, one starts with (A×B)F1 progeny and performs successive backcrosses to strain A (Fig. 2). ...
Read the Nobel Lecture
... piece of DNA containing non-telomeric sequences. The idea was that if there was an enzyme that actively elongated telomeres, we might be able to detect it through its activity in association with telomere DNA. For this assay, we developed a substrate that was meant to mimic a telomere in the cell: a ...
... piece of DNA containing non-telomeric sequences. The idea was that if there was an enzyme that actively elongated telomeres, we might be able to detect it through its activity in association with telomere DNA. For this assay, we developed a substrate that was meant to mimic a telomere in the cell: a ...
Unified display of Arabidopsis thaliana physical maps from AtDB, the
... overlap some of the YAC contigs. In total, there are 23 gaps, including the centromeric region, for chromosome I. Chromosome II contains ∼3.5 Mb of NOR containing the rDNA repeats (3). The remainder of the chromosome is covered by four YAC contigs (6). Recently two of these contigs were closed by a ...
... overlap some of the YAC contigs. In total, there are 23 gaps, including the centromeric region, for chromosome I. Chromosome II contains ∼3.5 Mb of NOR containing the rDNA repeats (3). The remainder of the chromosome is covered by four YAC contigs (6). Recently two of these contigs were closed by a ...
Towards an accurate identification of mosaic genes and
... transgenic DNA into human cell, antibiotic-resistant genes spreading to pathogenic bacteria, and disease-associated genes spreading and recombining to create new viruses and bacteria (4). Two models of HGT have been considered in the literature (5). First, and the most popular of them, is the tradit ...
... transgenic DNA into human cell, antibiotic-resistant genes spreading to pathogenic bacteria, and disease-associated genes spreading and recombining to create new viruses and bacteria (4). Two models of HGT have been considered in the literature (5). First, and the most popular of them, is the tradit ...
Towards an accurate identification of mosaic genes and partial
... but none of these studies addresses the problem of inferring partial HGT events. The RDP3 program (36) remains, to date, the most comprehensive tool for characterizing recombination events in DNA-sequence alignments. A method for detecting intragenic recombination, called LikeWind, which is also bas ...
... but none of these studies addresses the problem of inferring partial HGT events. The RDP3 program (36) remains, to date, the most comprehensive tool for characterizing recombination events in DNA-sequence alignments. A method for detecting intragenic recombination, called LikeWind, which is also bas ...
Price, DK, Zhang, F, Ashley, CT and Warren, ST: The chicken FMR1 gene is highly conserved containing a CTT 5\' untranslated repeat and encodes an RNA-binding protein. Genomics 31:3-12 (1996).
... frequent inherited form of mental retardation. Fragile X syndrome segregates as an X-linked dominant disorder with reduced penetrance and has been mapped to the fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) gene located at human Xq27.3 (Warren and Ashley, 1995; Warren and Nelson, 1994). FMR1 contains a (CGG)n ...
... frequent inherited form of mental retardation. Fragile X syndrome segregates as an X-linked dominant disorder with reduced penetrance and has been mapped to the fragile X mental retardation (FMR1) gene located at human Xq27.3 (Warren and Ashley, 1995; Warren and Nelson, 1994). FMR1 contains a (CGG)n ...
Document
... Gene annotations from UCSC Genome Browser Easy retrieval of ECR sequences and alignments ...
... Gene annotations from UCSC Genome Browser Easy retrieval of ECR sequences and alignments ...
Evolutionary history of the genus Capra
... Here, we assess the evolutionary history of Capra (i) using phylogenetic analysis of two nuclear genes located on the Y-chromosome and (ii) previously published and new cytochrome b sequences. For the Y-chromosome phylogeny, we sequenced segments from the amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc Wnger (ZFY) gene ...
... Here, we assess the evolutionary history of Capra (i) using phylogenetic analysis of two nuclear genes located on the Y-chromosome and (ii) previously published and new cytochrome b sequences. For the Y-chromosome phylogeny, we sequenced segments from the amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc Wnger (ZFY) gene ...
7nQ Jj I f NO "7^07 - UNT Digital Library
... During the course of my thesis work, I was required to read a genetics textbook, with which I had not previously read. As I read this book, I realized that there was still much information to which I had not previously been exposed. My thesis work offered a new way for me obtain knowledge that I di ...
... During the course of my thesis work, I was required to read a genetics textbook, with which I had not previously read. As I read this book, I realized that there was still much information to which I had not previously been exposed. My thesis work offered a new way for me obtain knowledge that I di ...
10.1 - My Haiku
... between pairs of alleles long before the details of meiosis were known. Where Mendel states that pairs of alleles of a gene separate independently during gamete production, we can now attribute this to random orientation of chromosomes during metaphase I. Mendel made this deduction when working with ...
... between pairs of alleles long before the details of meiosis were known. Where Mendel states that pairs of alleles of a gene separate independently during gamete production, we can now attribute this to random orientation of chromosomes during metaphase I. Mendel made this deduction when working with ...
RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
... visualized by staining with ethidium bromide, a fluorescent dye which intercalates between the bases of DNA and RNA. Fragments of linear DNA migrate through agarose gels with a mobility that is inversely proportional to the log10 of their molecular weight. However, circular forms of DNA migrate in a ...
... visualized by staining with ethidium bromide, a fluorescent dye which intercalates between the bases of DNA and RNA. Fragments of linear DNA migrate through agarose gels with a mobility that is inversely proportional to the log10 of their molecular weight. However, circular forms of DNA migrate in a ...
Comparative Metagenomic Analysis Reveals Mechanisms for Stress
... Understanding microbial adaptation to environmental stressors is crucial for interpreting broader ecological patterns. In the most extreme hot and cold deserts, cryptic niche communities are thought to play key roles in ecosystem processes and represent excellent model systems for investigating micr ...
... Understanding microbial adaptation to environmental stressors is crucial for interpreting broader ecological patterns. In the most extreme hot and cold deserts, cryptic niche communities are thought to play key roles in ecosystem processes and represent excellent model systems for investigating micr ...
Localization and structural analysis of the ribosomal RNA operons of
... post-transcriptional levels. The cellular content of specific mRNA and protein components unique to photosynthetic growth are either not detectable or present at extremely low levels in aerobically growing cells (3). Because of the apparent translational coupling between the synthesis of specific IC ...
... post-transcriptional levels. The cellular content of specific mRNA and protein components unique to photosynthetic growth are either not detectable or present at extremely low levels in aerobically growing cells (3). Because of the apparent translational coupling between the synthesis of specific IC ...
The cytogenetics of homologous chromosome pairing in meiosis in
... past several years, many studies in plants have yielded insights into the mechanisms of chromosome pairing interactions. Research in several plant species showed the importance of telomere clustering on the nuclear envelope (telomere bouquet formation) in facilitating alignment of homologous chromos ...
... past several years, many studies in plants have yielded insights into the mechanisms of chromosome pairing interactions. Research in several plant species showed the importance of telomere clustering on the nuclear envelope (telomere bouquet formation) in facilitating alignment of homologous chromos ...
The cytogenetics of homologous chromosome pairing in meiosis in plants Meiosis
... past several years, many studies in plants have yielded insights into the mechanisms of chromosome pairing interactions. Research in several plant species showed the importance of telomere clustering on the nuclear envelope (telomere bouquet formation) in facilitating alignment of homologous chromos ...
... past several years, many studies in plants have yielded insights into the mechanisms of chromosome pairing interactions. Research in several plant species showed the importance of telomere clustering on the nuclear envelope (telomere bouquet formation) in facilitating alignment of homologous chromos ...
Codon usage bias from tRNA`s point of view
... obligatory intracellular bacteria such as Chlamydia and Blochmania, although it is clear that they grow slowly. We therefore divided the genomes into slow and fast growers, where the latter have minimal generation times shorter than 2.5 h. Using this categorical data, we found that fast growers have ...
... obligatory intracellular bacteria such as Chlamydia and Blochmania, although it is clear that they grow slowly. We therefore divided the genomes into slow and fast growers, where the latter have minimal generation times shorter than 2.5 h. Using this categorical data, we found that fast growers have ...
The Effects of Deleterious Mutations on Evolution at
... far as past evolutionary change is concerned, 1/Ne 1024 for humans, with their relatively small historical effective population size, and 1026 for many Drosophila species (Charlesworth and Charlesworth 2010, Table 5.2). Even very minute selection coefficients are therefore compatible with high leve ...
... far as past evolutionary change is concerned, 1/Ne 1024 for humans, with their relatively small historical effective population size, and 1026 for many Drosophila species (Charlesworth and Charlesworth 2010, Table 5.2). Even very minute selection coefficients are therefore compatible with high leve ...
Human genome
The human genome is the complete set of nucleic acid sequence for humans (Homo sapiens), encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria. Human genomes include both protein-coding DNA genes and noncoding DNA. Haploid human genomes, which are contained in germ cells (the egg and sperm gamete cells created in the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction before fertilization creates a zygote) consist of three billion DNA base pairs, while diploid genomes (found in somatic cells) have twice the DNA content. While there are significant differences among the genomes of human individuals (on the order of 0.1%), these are considerably smaller than the differences between humans and their closest living relatives, the chimpanzees (approximately 4%) and bonobos. Humans share 50% of their DNA with bananas.The Human Genome Project produced the first complete sequences of individual human genomes, with the first draft sequence and initial analysis being published on February 12, 2001. The human genome was the first of all vertebrates to be completely sequenced. As of 2012, thousands of human genomes have been completely sequenced, and many more have been mapped at lower levels of resolution. The resulting data are used worldwide in biomedical science, anthropology, forensics and other branches of science. There is a widely held expectation that genomic studies will lead to advances in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and to new insights in many fields of biology, including human evolution.Although the sequence of the human genome has been (almost) completely determined by DNA sequencing, it is not yet fully understood. Most (though probably not all) genes have been identified by a combination of high throughput experimental and bioinformatics approaches, yet much work still needs to be done to further elucidate the biological functions of their protein and RNA products. Recent results suggest that most of the vast quantities of noncoding DNA within the genome have associated biochemical activities, including regulation of gene expression, organization of chromosome architecture, and signals controlling epigenetic inheritance.There are an estimated 20,000-25,000 human protein-coding genes. The estimate of the number of human genes has been repeatedly revised down from initial predictions of 100,000 or more as genome sequence quality and gene finding methods have improved, and could continue to drop further. Protein-coding sequences account for only a very small fraction of the genome (approximately 1.5%), and the rest is associated with non-coding RNA molecules, regulatory DNA sequences, LINEs, SINEs, introns, and sequences for which as yet no function has been elucidated.