Application of the new manP counter-selection system for B. subtilis
... al., 2006) require a perfect and sensitive toxin/antitoxin equilibrium. As these systems ...
... al., 2006) require a perfect and sensitive toxin/antitoxin equilibrium. As these systems ...
A Plastid in the Making: Evidence for a Second
... Glaucoplantae) retains remnants of the peptidoglycan cell wall of its prokaryote ancestor making cyanelles the only osmotically stable plastids. Interestingly, the photosynthetic organelles of P. chromatophora also contain a residual peptidoglycan cell wall (sandwiched between two envelope membranes ...
... Glaucoplantae) retains remnants of the peptidoglycan cell wall of its prokaryote ancestor making cyanelles the only osmotically stable plastids. Interestingly, the photosynthetic organelles of P. chromatophora also contain a residual peptidoglycan cell wall (sandwiched between two envelope membranes ...
The relationship between higher‑order chromatin structure and
... input chromatin fractions to a human chromosome 22q genomic array consisting of overlapping sequencing tiling path clones [21]. The average resolution of this array is 78 kb, but it contains regions where the clones are even smaller than the size of the chromatin fibres being examined (∼20 kb). The ...
... input chromatin fractions to a human chromosome 22q genomic array consisting of overlapping sequencing tiling path clones [21]. The average resolution of this array is 78 kb, but it contains regions where the clones are even smaller than the size of the chromatin fibres being examined (∼20 kb). The ...
Evaluation of genomic DNA from paraffin
... separated by a clear space with oedematous fluid and in some cases there is also a diffuse infiltration of subendocardial fibrosis (Tidholm & Jönsson 2005). In a study, 64 of 65 (98%) dogs with confirmed DCM were positive for attenuated wavy fibers. In 147 dogs with other heart disease than DCM only ...
... separated by a clear space with oedematous fluid and in some cases there is also a diffuse infiltration of subendocardial fibrosis (Tidholm & Jönsson 2005). In a study, 64 of 65 (98%) dogs with confirmed DCM were positive for attenuated wavy fibers. In 147 dogs with other heart disease than DCM only ...
B-Bolivia, an Allele of the Maize b1 Gene with Variable Expression
... similarity to retrotransposons. Transient expression assays of various promoter constructs identified a 33-bp region in B-Bolivia that can account for the reduced aleurone pigment amounts (40%) observed with B-Bolivia relative to B-Peru. Transgenic plants carrying the B-Bolivia promoter proximal reg ...
... similarity to retrotransposons. Transient expression assays of various promoter constructs identified a 33-bp region in B-Bolivia that can account for the reduced aleurone pigment amounts (40%) observed with B-Bolivia relative to B-Peru. Transgenic plants carrying the B-Bolivia promoter proximal reg ...
Article Positive and Purifying Selection on the Drosophila Y
... present a unique collection of constraints for the operation of natural selection. Male-limited transmission may greatly increase the efficacy of selection for male-beneficial mutations, but the reduced effective size also inflates the role of random genetic drift. Together, these defining features ...
... present a unique collection of constraints for the operation of natural selection. Male-limited transmission may greatly increase the efficacy of selection for male-beneficial mutations, but the reduced effective size also inflates the role of random genetic drift. Together, these defining features ...
DNA MUTATION, REPAIR, AND TRANSPOSITION
... Therefore, DNA molecule I is the least sensitive, while molecule III is the most sensitive. 24. Frameshift mutations are caused by insertions or deletions of bases (that are not multiples of 3). These will shift the reading frame for all codons downstream from the mutation. Single base-substitutions ...
... Therefore, DNA molecule I is the least sensitive, while molecule III is the most sensitive. 24. Frameshift mutations are caused by insertions or deletions of bases (that are not multiples of 3). These will shift the reading frame for all codons downstream from the mutation. Single base-substitutions ...
Nucleotide sequence analysis - Bioinformatics Unit
... This program is much more sensitive than BLAST programs, which is reflected by the length of time required to produce results. FASTA produces optimal local alignment scores for the comparison of the query sequence to every sequence in the database. ...
... This program is much more sensitive than BLAST programs, which is reflected by the length of time required to produce results. FASTA produces optimal local alignment scores for the comparison of the query sequence to every sequence in the database. ...
Discovering the Distribution of Palindromic Sequences in the
... mutations on the SMAD4 database were converted into a readable .csv file (6 columns: (1) Segment (exon, etc.) (2) Type of mutation (3) Start location of the mutation (integer) (4) End location of the mutation (integer) (5) Nucleotide change (6) Type of protein change) titled “mutations.csv”. Three J ...
... mutations on the SMAD4 database were converted into a readable .csv file (6 columns: (1) Segment (exon, etc.) (2) Type of mutation (3) Start location of the mutation (integer) (4) End location of the mutation (integer) (5) Nucleotide change (6) Type of protein change) titled “mutations.csv”. Three J ...
Creating conditional dual fluorescence labelled transgenic animals
... In addition to messenger RNA that encodes proteins, non-coding RNAs, including microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) have been shown to be involved in gene regulation at post-transcriptional and translational levels. For example, microRNAs, about 22 nucleotide long, are among the largest ...
... In addition to messenger RNA that encodes proteins, non-coding RNAs, including microRNA (miRNA) and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) have been shown to be involved in gene regulation at post-transcriptional and translational levels. For example, microRNAs, about 22 nucleotide long, are among the largest ...
DNA methylation controls histone H3 lysine 9 methylation
... 2001; Lachner and Jenuwein, 2002; Richards and Elgin, 2002). The interactions between DNA methylation, histone modi®cations and chromatin structure have mainly been studied at the molecular level for speci®c DNA sequences. Integrated genetic, molecular and cytological approaches can provide new insi ...
... 2001; Lachner and Jenuwein, 2002; Richards and Elgin, 2002). The interactions between DNA methylation, histone modi®cations and chromatin structure have mainly been studied at the molecular level for speci®c DNA sequences. Integrated genetic, molecular and cytological approaches can provide new insi ...
Functions of DNA methylation: islands, start sites, gene bodies and
... influences its relationship to gene control. For example, methylation in the immediate vicinity of the TSS blocks initiation, but methylation in the gene body does not block and might even stimulate transcription elongation, and exciting new evidence suggests that gene body methylation may have an i ...
... influences its relationship to gene control. For example, methylation in the immediate vicinity of the TSS blocks initiation, but methylation in the gene body does not block and might even stimulate transcription elongation, and exciting new evidence suggests that gene body methylation may have an i ...
Article Why There Are No Essential Genes on
... are differences between functions coded for by mobile genes and those in the “core” genome and that these differences can be seen between plasmids and chromosomes. In particular, it has been suggested that essential genes, such as those involved in the formation of structural proteins or in basic me ...
... are differences between functions coded for by mobile genes and those in the “core” genome and that these differences can be seen between plasmids and chromosomes. In particular, it has been suggested that essential genes, such as those involved in the formation of structural proteins or in basic me ...
Gene conversion and purifying selection shape nucleotide variation
... no nucleotide difference from the ones for which both strands were sequenced. When we found nucleotide differences in two or more individuals at the same site, we sequenced both strands of at least one of the samples to confirm the variation. When we found a different nucleotide in only one sample, ...
... no nucleotide difference from the ones for which both strands were sequenced. When we found nucleotide differences in two or more individuals at the same site, we sequenced both strands of at least one of the samples to confirm the variation. When we found a different nucleotide in only one sample, ...
Repair of Site-Specific DNA Double-Strand Breaks in
... ends of an endonuclease-mediated break, as postulated by Lin et al. (2013). SSA, NHEJ, and MMEJ may join DNA break ends throughout the cell cycle, but predominantly occur during G1, when sister chromatids are not available (reviewed in Lieber, 2010). Moreover, both ends of a DSB may interact separat ...
... ends of an endonuclease-mediated break, as postulated by Lin et al. (2013). SSA, NHEJ, and MMEJ may join DNA break ends throughout the cell cycle, but predominantly occur during G1, when sister chromatids are not available (reviewed in Lieber, 2010). Moreover, both ends of a DSB may interact separat ...
Tandem duplications and the limits of natural
... et al. 2014, Zhou et al. 2008, Katju and Lynch 2006). Surveys within single genomes have suggested that whole gene duplications may form at low rates in comparison with SNPs, with even lower mutation rates for complex variants such as chimeric genes (Rogers, Bedford and Hartl 2009, Rogers et al. 201 ...
... et al. 2014, Zhou et al. 2008, Katju and Lynch 2006). Surveys within single genomes have suggested that whole gene duplications may form at low rates in comparison with SNPs, with even lower mutation rates for complex variants such as chimeric genes (Rogers, Bedford and Hartl 2009, Rogers et al. 201 ...
Analysis of DNA transcription termination sequences of gene coding
... Especially, there is lack of information concerning the transcription termination of gene coding for PHA polymerase (phaC1). It is assumed that the main role could play Rho-independent termination, which is related to presence of palindromic sequences, which leads to formation of the hairpin structu ...
... Especially, there is lack of information concerning the transcription termination of gene coding for PHA polymerase (phaC1). It is assumed that the main role could play Rho-independent termination, which is related to presence of palindromic sequences, which leads to formation of the hairpin structu ...
Structural and Functional Studies of Insertion Element IS200
... The nucleotide sequence of the insertion element 15200 has been determined partially, including the junctions between the element and the host chromosome at the insertion site, At most, two bases (A-A) are found repeated at the junctions and could be duplications of host sequences generated by the i ...
... The nucleotide sequence of the insertion element 15200 has been determined partially, including the junctions between the element and the host chromosome at the insertion site, At most, two bases (A-A) are found repeated at the junctions and could be duplications of host sequences generated by the i ...
A genetic linkage map for watermelon based on
... between PI 296341-FR and NHM (based on all fragments produced by 120 primers) is 2 × 285/(563 + 608) = 48.6%. Thus, a high level of polymorphism is expected from the present cross. MAP CONSTRUCTION AND MARKER SEGREGATION. One hundred and fifty-six markers (87.1%) of the 179 markers analyzed could be ...
... between PI 296341-FR and NHM (based on all fragments produced by 120 primers) is 2 × 285/(563 + 608) = 48.6%. Thus, a high level of polymorphism is expected from the present cross. MAP CONSTRUCTION AND MARKER SEGREGATION. One hundred and fifty-six markers (87.1%) of the 179 markers analyzed could be ...
Maternal uniparental disomyof chromosome 13
... Since Engel originally postulated the existence produced a true isochromosome since all the of UPD in 1980,' several examples have been polymorphic AC repeat alleles examined were reported involving all or part of chromosomes homozygous despite all being highly (>75%) 6,7,11,14,15,16,21,22, and the ...
... Since Engel originally postulated the existence produced a true isochromosome since all the of UPD in 1980,' several examples have been polymorphic AC repeat alleles examined were reported involving all or part of chromosomes homozygous despite all being highly (>75%) 6,7,11,14,15,16,21,22, and the ...
Document
... Crick: The central dogma of molecular biology deals with the detailed residue-by-residue transfer of sequential information. It states that such information cannot be transferred from protein to either protein or nucleic acid. This leaves the door open for other types of information that could be re ...
... Crick: The central dogma of molecular biology deals with the detailed residue-by-residue transfer of sequential information. It states that such information cannot be transferred from protein to either protein or nucleic acid. This leaves the door open for other types of information that could be re ...
TILLING. Traditional Mutagenesis Meets
... produced from M2 plants after a round of selfing; thus, each mutation will be in a ratio of one wild type to two heterozygotes to one homozygote in the resulting seeds. These seeds can simply be planted and genotyped because the two rounds of recombination and independent assortment prior to sowing ...
... produced from M2 plants after a round of selfing; thus, each mutation will be in a ratio of one wild type to two heterozygotes to one homozygote in the resulting seeds. These seeds can simply be planted and genotyped because the two rounds of recombination and independent assortment prior to sowing ...
Genome Biology - Institute for Applied Ecology
... In birds, males are homogametic (ZZ) and females are heterogametic (ZW), in contrast to the mammalian pattern of female XX homogamety and male XY heterogamety. Like the mammalian X and Y chromosomes, the euchromatic Z is large (over 500 genes) and the heterochromatic W small (probably containing ten ...
... In birds, males are homogametic (ZZ) and females are heterogametic (ZW), in contrast to the mammalian pattern of female XX homogamety and male XY heterogamety. Like the mammalian X and Y chromosomes, the euchromatic Z is large (over 500 genes) and the heterochromatic W small (probably containing ten ...
Chapter 1 - Institut Montefiore
... same chromosome (see later) may not be independent. If not, they are said to be linked ...
... same chromosome (see later) may not be independent. If not, they are said to be linked ...
Drosophila Muller F Elements Maintain a Distinct Set of Genomic
... The placements of the fosmid end reads were specified in the reads. placed file in each CAF1 assembly. The F and D element scaffolds were partitioned into a list of overlapping fosmids based on the reads.placed file for each species. This set of fosmids was obtained from the Drosophila Genomics Resourc ...
... The placements of the fosmid end reads were specified in the reads. placed file in each CAF1 assembly. The F and D element scaffolds were partitioned into a list of overlapping fosmids based on the reads.placed file for each species. This set of fosmids was obtained from the Drosophila Genomics Resourc ...
Human genome
The human genome is the complete set of nucleic acid sequence for humans (Homo sapiens), encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria. Human genomes include both protein-coding DNA genes and noncoding DNA. Haploid human genomes, which are contained in germ cells (the egg and sperm gamete cells created in the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction before fertilization creates a zygote) consist of three billion DNA base pairs, while diploid genomes (found in somatic cells) have twice the DNA content. While there are significant differences among the genomes of human individuals (on the order of 0.1%), these are considerably smaller than the differences between humans and their closest living relatives, the chimpanzees (approximately 4%) and bonobos. Humans share 50% of their DNA with bananas.The Human Genome Project produced the first complete sequences of individual human genomes, with the first draft sequence and initial analysis being published on February 12, 2001. The human genome was the first of all vertebrates to be completely sequenced. As of 2012, thousands of human genomes have been completely sequenced, and many more have been mapped at lower levels of resolution. The resulting data are used worldwide in biomedical science, anthropology, forensics and other branches of science. There is a widely held expectation that genomic studies will lead to advances in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and to new insights in many fields of biology, including human evolution.Although the sequence of the human genome has been (almost) completely determined by DNA sequencing, it is not yet fully understood. Most (though probably not all) genes have been identified by a combination of high throughput experimental and bioinformatics approaches, yet much work still needs to be done to further elucidate the biological functions of their protein and RNA products. Recent results suggest that most of the vast quantities of noncoding DNA within the genome have associated biochemical activities, including regulation of gene expression, organization of chromosome architecture, and signals controlling epigenetic inheritance.There are an estimated 20,000-25,000 human protein-coding genes. The estimate of the number of human genes has been repeatedly revised down from initial predictions of 100,000 or more as genome sequence quality and gene finding methods have improved, and could continue to drop further. Protein-coding sequences account for only a very small fraction of the genome (approximately 1.5%), and the rest is associated with non-coding RNA molecules, regulatory DNA sequences, LINEs, SINEs, introns, and sequences for which as yet no function has been elucidated.