Codon usage bias from tRNA`s point of view
... obligatory intracellular bacteria such as Chlamydia and Blochmania, although it is clear that they grow slowly. We therefore divided the genomes into slow and fast growers, where the latter have minimal generation times shorter than 2.5 h. Using this categorical data, we found that fast growers have ...
... obligatory intracellular bacteria such as Chlamydia and Blochmania, although it is clear that they grow slowly. We therefore divided the genomes into slow and fast growers, where the latter have minimal generation times shorter than 2.5 h. Using this categorical data, we found that fast growers have ...
Work1
... Average fitness is the average fitness of the last generation. The phenotype presented as vector of 3 numbers in “[]”, and finally the “f value” is the F(best phenotype). In the beginning I started with lower representation length – 16 seemed to be sufficient. Pc was chosen to be 1, as experiments w ...
... Average fitness is the average fitness of the last generation. The phenotype presented as vector of 3 numbers in “[]”, and finally the “f value” is the F(best phenotype). In the beginning I started with lower representation length – 16 seemed to be sufficient. Pc was chosen to be 1, as experiments w ...
Full-Text PDF
... suspected to be involved in Parkinson’s [12] and Huntington's diseases [13]. Because of these numerous pathways and interconnected cellular functions, many genes are involved, and mutations in these genes may lead to the various diseases mentioned. Almost all these genes are encoded by the nuclear g ...
... suspected to be involved in Parkinson’s [12] and Huntington's diseases [13]. Because of these numerous pathways and interconnected cellular functions, many genes are involved, and mutations in these genes may lead to the various diseases mentioned. Almost all these genes are encoded by the nuclear g ...
Engineered bacteriophage-defence systems in bioprocessing
... groups, they displayed similar gene-expression patterns. Phage DT1 possesses 18 early-, 12 middle- and 12 late-expressed genes, whereas phage 2972 has 16 early-, 11 middle- and 14 late-expressed genes. In both phages, all of the early-expressed genes were adjacent to one another and comprised the pu ...
... groups, they displayed similar gene-expression patterns. Phage DT1 possesses 18 early-, 12 middle- and 12 late-expressed genes, whereas phage 2972 has 16 early-, 11 middle- and 14 late-expressed genes. In both phages, all of the early-expressed genes were adjacent to one another and comprised the pu ...
5 Genetic Analysis of Kidney Disease in Mice
... examples from several phenotypes. We begin by selecting QTL found in three or more crosses that also had a concordant human QTL. We first narrowed the region by comparative genomics if possible and then by statistically combining the crosses. Next, we used a dense SNP database to reduce the regions ...
... examples from several phenotypes. We begin by selecting QTL found in three or more crosses that also had a concordant human QTL. We first narrowed the region by comparative genomics if possible and then by statistically combining the crosses. Next, we used a dense SNP database to reduce the regions ...
Category 2000
... with many functions, but is primarily involved in fat and energy metabolism. Therefore, it is a very interesting candidate gene for meat quality, which is one of the most important criteria in pig selection today. PPARGC1A however, does not have the same function in every tissue and there is still m ...
... with many functions, but is primarily involved in fat and energy metabolism. Therefore, it is a very interesting candidate gene for meat quality, which is one of the most important criteria in pig selection today. PPARGC1A however, does not have the same function in every tissue and there is still m ...
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
... Heritable information in plants consists of genomic information in DNA sequence and epigenetic information superimposed on DNA sequence. The latter is in the form of cytosine methylation at CG, CHG and CHH elements (where H = A, T or C) and a variety of histone modifications in nucleosomes. The epial ...
... Heritable information in plants consists of genomic information in DNA sequence and epigenetic information superimposed on DNA sequence. The latter is in the form of cytosine methylation at CG, CHG and CHH elements (where H = A, T or C) and a variety of histone modifications in nucleosomes. The epial ...
Genit 3
... d. with genes for the same characteristics at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's mother; the other from the organism's father.[1] They are usually not identical. Each chromosome in the pair contains genes for the same biological features, such as eye color ...
... d. with genes for the same characteristics at corresponding loci. One homologous chromosome is inherited from the organism's mother; the other from the organism's father.[1] They are usually not identical. Each chromosome in the pair contains genes for the same biological features, such as eye color ...
Detecting copy number variants and runs of homozygosity on a
... and SNP platform because UPD is often associated with chromosomal aberrations. Interestingly it is not Uniparental disomy occurs when both copies of a UPD which causes the phenotype per se11 but the chromosome are inherited from a single parent. If aberration. only parts of a chromosome are inherite ...
... and SNP platform because UPD is often associated with chromosomal aberrations. Interestingly it is not Uniparental disomy occurs when both copies of a UPD which causes the phenotype per se11 but the chromosome are inherited from a single parent. If aberration. only parts of a chromosome are inherite ...
Complete Characterization of the 3 Mouse Hereditary Hemochromatosis HFE Gene and
... Mayka Sánchez,1,2 Miquel Bruguera,3 Joan Rodés,3 and Rafael Oliva1,2 ABSTRACT: The human HFE gene was identified in 1996 as the gene whose mutations are responsible for hereditary hemochromatosis in most patients. Expression analysis by Northern blot indicated that the gene was approximately 4.1 k ...
... Mayka Sánchez,1,2 Miquel Bruguera,3 Joan Rodés,3 and Rafael Oliva1,2 ABSTRACT: The human HFE gene was identified in 1996 as the gene whose mutations are responsible for hereditary hemochromatosis in most patients. Expression analysis by Northern blot indicated that the gene was approximately 4.1 k ...
Ribosomal frameshifting in decoding antizyme mRNAs from yeast
... intracellular polyamine levels. Ribosomes synthesizing antizyme start in one ORF and at the codon 50 adjacent to its stop codon, shift þ1 to a second and partially overlapping ORF which encodes most of the protein. The ribosomal frameshifting is a sensor and effector of an autoregulatory circuit whi ...
... intracellular polyamine levels. Ribosomes synthesizing antizyme start in one ORF and at the codon 50 adjacent to its stop codon, shift þ1 to a second and partially overlapping ORF which encodes most of the protein. The ribosomal frameshifting is a sensor and effector of an autoregulatory circuit whi ...
Egg production
... The poor reproductive efficiency of broiler breeders is caused initially by problems in the formation of the ovarian hierarchy and subsequently by poor persistency of egg laying and erratic production (1, 2, 3). The excessive and disorganised ovarian growth at the onset of lay has been a corollary o ...
... The poor reproductive efficiency of broiler breeders is caused initially by problems in the formation of the ovarian hierarchy and subsequently by poor persistency of egg laying and erratic production (1, 2, 3). The excessive and disorganised ovarian growth at the onset of lay has been a corollary o ...
Genetics of Male Infertility - the Infertility Center of St. Louis
... and elsewhere, but the repetitive nucleotide sequences which characterize much of the Y chromosome made it very difficult with standard STS markers to define smaller deletions (104). The unusually repetitive sequence structure of the AZFc region of the Y plagued even the first attempts at constructi ...
... and elsewhere, but the repetitive nucleotide sequences which characterize much of the Y chromosome made it very difficult with standard STS markers to define smaller deletions (104). The unusually repetitive sequence structure of the AZFc region of the Y plagued even the first attempts at constructi ...
CHAPTER 17 Variation in Chromosomal Number and Structure
... d. Molecular analysis shows a repeated 3-bp sequence, CGG, in the FMR-1 (fragile X mental retardation-1) gene, at the fragile X site. i. Normal individuals have 6–54 CGG repeats, with an average of 29. ii. Normal transmitting carrier males, their daughters and some other carrier females have 55–200 ...
... d. Molecular analysis shows a repeated 3-bp sequence, CGG, in the FMR-1 (fragile X mental retardation-1) gene, at the fragile X site. i. Normal individuals have 6–54 CGG repeats, with an average of 29. ii. Normal transmitting carrier males, their daughters and some other carrier females have 55–200 ...
Conserved syntenic clusters of protein coding genes are missing in
... of these gene in birds. In contrast, 114 genes in our missing list gave significant hits in cross-species BLAT searches of the chicken or zebra finch genomes using the lizard Ensembl gene models as queries, however all hits were to related gene family members (Additional file 1: Table S5) or to clos ...
... of these gene in birds. In contrast, 114 genes in our missing list gave significant hits in cross-species BLAT searches of the chicken or zebra finch genomes using the lizard Ensembl gene models as queries, however all hits were to related gene family members (Additional file 1: Table S5) or to clos ...
Diploidy and the selective advantage for sexual reproduction in
... cycles are based on the asexual and sexual life cycles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or Baker’s yeast, which normally reproduces by asexual budding, but switches to sexual reproduction when stressed. The mathematical models consider three reproduction pathways: (1) Asexual reproduction. (2) Self-fert ...
... cycles are based on the asexual and sexual life cycles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or Baker’s yeast, which normally reproduces by asexual budding, but switches to sexual reproduction when stressed. The mathematical models consider three reproduction pathways: (1) Asexual reproduction. (2) Self-fert ...
Conserved syntenic clusters of protein coding genes are missing in birds
... of these gene in birds. In contrast, 114 genes in our missing list gave significant hits in cross-species BLAT searches of the chicken or zebra finch genomes using the lizard Ensembl gene models as queries, however all hits were to related gene family members (Additional file 1: Table S5) or to clos ...
... of these gene in birds. In contrast, 114 genes in our missing list gave significant hits in cross-species BLAT searches of the chicken or zebra finch genomes using the lizard Ensembl gene models as queries, however all hits were to related gene family members (Additional file 1: Table S5) or to clos ...
Specialized Transduction by Bacteriophage P22 in Salmonella typhimurium: Genetic and Physical Structure of the Transducing Genomes and the Prophage Attachment Site.
... EMRICHand STAHL1967). Drastic alterations in the genome size of a transducing phage resulting from the addition or substitution of host DNA do not prevent the transducing phage DNA from being encapsulated into P22 phage particles since the “headful” mechanism always packages a constant amount of DNA ...
... EMRICHand STAHL1967). Drastic alterations in the genome size of a transducing phage resulting from the addition or substitution of host DNA do not prevent the transducing phage DNA from being encapsulated into P22 phage particles since the “headful” mechanism always packages a constant amount of DNA ...
Introduction - bei DuEPublico
... 2) evasion of apoptosis 3) insensitivity to antigrowth signals 4) sustained angiogenesis 5) limitless replicative potential and 6) capacity to invade tissue and grow at metastatic sites The number of mutations required to gain these abilities varies. For example, in some cells mutation of the TP53 g ...
... 2) evasion of apoptosis 3) insensitivity to antigrowth signals 4) sustained angiogenesis 5) limitless replicative potential and 6) capacity to invade tissue and grow at metastatic sites The number of mutations required to gain these abilities varies. For example, in some cells mutation of the TP53 g ...
DNA
... information located on the chromosomes and consisting of DNA. • Genotype: The genetic makeup of an organism • Phenotype: the physical expressed traits of an organism • Nucleic acids: Biological molecules (RNA and DNA) that allow organisms to reproduce ...
... information located on the chromosomes and consisting of DNA. • Genotype: The genetic makeup of an organism • Phenotype: the physical expressed traits of an organism • Nucleic acids: Biological molecules (RNA and DNA) that allow organisms to reproduce ...
The Mean Between Meme and Gene Comparison
... DNA and sexual reproduction. Genes are generally quite stable, which is one of the key reasons for the successful formulation and evolution of life. In contrast, memes seem to constantly mutate since “brains seem to be designed to do just the opposite: to transform, invent, interpolate, censor, and ...
... DNA and sexual reproduction. Genes are generally quite stable, which is one of the key reasons for the successful formulation and evolution of life. In contrast, memes seem to constantly mutate since “brains seem to be designed to do just the opposite: to transform, invent, interpolate, censor, and ...
Geminivirus Replication Origins Have a Modular
... TGMV A (Figure 1, cf. lanes 2 and 3), while BGMV B only replicated in the presence of BGMV A (cf. lanes 6 and 7). These results established that BGMV is able to replicate efficiently in tobacco cells and that, similar to TGMV A (Rogers et al., 1986; Hayes and Buck, 1989), BGMV A provides all of the ...
... TGMV A (Figure 1, cf. lanes 2 and 3), while BGMV B only replicated in the presence of BGMV A (cf. lanes 6 and 7). These results established that BGMV is able to replicate efficiently in tobacco cells and that, similar to TGMV A (Rogers et al., 1986; Hayes and Buck, 1989), BGMV A provides all of the ...
M2 RNA Pol Ⅰ genes
... 1. Which one of the following statements about eukaryotic RNA polymerases I, II and III is false? A RNA Pol II is very sensitive toα-amanitin. B RNA Pol II is located in th~ nucleoplasm. C RNA Pol III transcribes th~ genes for tRNA. D eukaryotic cells contain other RNA polymerases in addition to RNA ...
... 1. Which one of the following statements about eukaryotic RNA polymerases I, II and III is false? A RNA Pol II is very sensitive toα-amanitin. B RNA Pol II is located in th~ nucleoplasm. C RNA Pol III transcribes th~ genes for tRNA. D eukaryotic cells contain other RNA polymerases in addition to RNA ...
Application of the new manP counter-selection system for B. subtilis
... al., 2006) require a perfect and sensitive toxin/antitoxin equilibrium. As these systems ...
... al., 2006) require a perfect and sensitive toxin/antitoxin equilibrium. As these systems ...
Human genome
The human genome is the complete set of nucleic acid sequence for humans (Homo sapiens), encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria. Human genomes include both protein-coding DNA genes and noncoding DNA. Haploid human genomes, which are contained in germ cells (the egg and sperm gamete cells created in the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction before fertilization creates a zygote) consist of three billion DNA base pairs, while diploid genomes (found in somatic cells) have twice the DNA content. While there are significant differences among the genomes of human individuals (on the order of 0.1%), these are considerably smaller than the differences between humans and their closest living relatives, the chimpanzees (approximately 4%) and bonobos. Humans share 50% of their DNA with bananas.The Human Genome Project produced the first complete sequences of individual human genomes, with the first draft sequence and initial analysis being published on February 12, 2001. The human genome was the first of all vertebrates to be completely sequenced. As of 2012, thousands of human genomes have been completely sequenced, and many more have been mapped at lower levels of resolution. The resulting data are used worldwide in biomedical science, anthropology, forensics and other branches of science. There is a widely held expectation that genomic studies will lead to advances in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and to new insights in many fields of biology, including human evolution.Although the sequence of the human genome has been (almost) completely determined by DNA sequencing, it is not yet fully understood. Most (though probably not all) genes have been identified by a combination of high throughput experimental and bioinformatics approaches, yet much work still needs to be done to further elucidate the biological functions of their protein and RNA products. Recent results suggest that most of the vast quantities of noncoding DNA within the genome have associated biochemical activities, including regulation of gene expression, organization of chromosome architecture, and signals controlling epigenetic inheritance.There are an estimated 20,000-25,000 human protein-coding genes. The estimate of the number of human genes has been repeatedly revised down from initial predictions of 100,000 or more as genome sequence quality and gene finding methods have improved, and could continue to drop further. Protein-coding sequences account for only a very small fraction of the genome (approximately 1.5%), and the rest is associated with non-coding RNA molecules, regulatory DNA sequences, LINEs, SINEs, introns, and sequences for which as yet no function has been elucidated.