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RNA-Seq Alignment v1.0 App Guide
RNA-Seq Alignment v1.0 App Guide

... Arabidopsis thaliana Ensembl TAIR10 (Ensembl gene annotation) Bos taurus UCSC bosTau6 (RefSeq gene annotation) Caenorhabditis elegans UCSC ce10 (RefSeq gene annotation) Danio rerio UCSC danRer7 (RefSeq gene annotation) Drosophila melanogaster UCSC dm3 (RefSeq gene annotation) Gallus gallus UCSC galG ...
PDF version - EpiGeneSys
PDF version - EpiGeneSys

... Whilst great insights into the structure and properties of chromatin have been gained using chromatin samples extracted from native sources, analyses of such material have limitations because of their inherent heterogeneity. Native chromatin samples contain an ensemble of different core histones, li ...
controlling flowering time and plant height in
controlling flowering time and plant height in

... et a!. (1993). However, in many cases the traits vary quantitatively suggesting that they are controlled by many genes. Molecular marker maps, usually based on RFLPs, have been widely used to map quantitative trait loci ...
word
word

... The X chromosome has no partner during XO male meiosis in C. elegans, and as such is targeted for repression by meiotic silencing mechanisms recognizing unsynapsed/unpaired chromatin. The near-complete paucity of germlineexpressed genes on the X chromosome is presumably an evolved consequence of mei ...
Relationships between a new type IV secretion system and the icm
Relationships between a new type IV secretion system and the icm

... both systems were shown to conjugate RSF1010-related plasmids between bacteria, using the icm/dot or vir gene products respectively. Second, the virulence of both systems was shown to be inhibited by an active RSF1010 conjugation system. Third, both systems contain proteins homologous to plasmid-enc ...
The first page should show the paper title, names and addresses of
The first page should show the paper title, names and addresses of

... chromosomal rearrangements that might have occurred during karyotype evolution in Galliformes could be resolved using the FISH on lampbrush chromosomes as an investigative procedure? On the other hand, why should we still use time-consuming methods like comparative FISH mapping on LBCs when next-gen ...
Molecular Biology of Transcription and RNA Processing
Molecular Biology of Transcription and RNA Processing

DNA methylation profiling identifies epigenetic dysregulation in
DNA methylation profiling identifies epigenetic dysregulation in

... and Baylin, 2007) and its role is starting to be revealed The EMBO Journal ...
8-chromo_struct variation [Autosaved]
8-chromo_struct variation [Autosaved]

... • How to create equal amount of X chromosome gene products in males and females? • Levels of enzymes or proteins encoded by genes on the X chromosome are the same in both males and females. Even though males have 1 X chromosome and females have 2. ...
Genetics of Down Syndrome
Genetics of Down Syndrome

... factors. These AT-rich DNA regions show a higher staining intensity and can thus be localised by chromosome analysis. Because of its high content of AT-rich regions, trisomy 21 is compatible with life, and in the majority of cases, leads only to retardation in the development of the carrier and not, ...
Expression of the six chromate ion transporter
Expression of the six chromate ion transporter

... universal primers. DNA fragments containing the chr genes were obtained by digestions with HindIII/XbaI or HindIII/EcoRI endonucleases and subcloned into the corresponding sites of pACYC184 or pUCP20 vectors. E. coli W3110 cells were transformed by electroporation with recombinant plasmids and trans ...
Identifying the genomic determinants of aging and longevity in
Identifying the genomic determinants of aging and longevity in

... by many genes with small effects it could be a successful method to identify novel longevity loci. However, so far, GWAS for longevity in the LLS [37], Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology (CHARGE) [38, 39], NECS [40], German long-lived individuals [41], and SICS [42] have on ...
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences

... wheat, a number of useful genes have been transferred into wheat in form of wheat-Th. ponticum chromosome translocations (Fedak and Han 2005; Li et al. 2008; Li and Wang 2009). But there had no reports about the reduced height gene introduced from Th. ponticum. We had developed an addition line 3150 ...
Identity-by-descent filtering of exome sequence data for disease
Identity-by-descent filtering of exome sequence data for disease

... The a priori chance that a given coordinate in the inheritance vector differs between two adjacent positions t −1 and t is the recombination fraction θ. Recombination frequencies depend on the chromosomal region and on sex. In other words, the inheritance vectors arise during meiosis from an inhomog ...
CHAPTER 14 DNA applications in society
CHAPTER 14 DNA applications in society

... produce sufficient growth hormone for use, very large numbers of pituitary glands from cadavers were required. Each batch of hGH was derived from a pool of pituitary glands from about 16  000 cadavers. During a year, patients received their hGH injections from two or three different batches. (A batc ...
M.Tevfik Dorak, BA (Hons), MD, Ph.D.
M.Tevfik Dorak, BA (Hons), MD, Ph.D.

... "The gene for ....... has been cloned!" We often seem to hear this. M uch to my relief (after working on the project for ten years!) I was finally able to utter these words myself in 1997 about the gene TSC1 which is responsible for a genetic disease, Tuberous sclerosis. What is meant by this statem ...
The legal, social and ethical controversy of the collection and
The legal, social and ethical controversy of the collection and

... It is of no surprise that in recent years there has been a convergence between science and technology studies (STS) and law and society (L&S) studies. Some commentators, like this author believe that there is a need to define a new theoretical framework that amalgamates these increasingly converging ...
Week 2. DNA isolation and PCR
Week 2. DNA isolation and PCR

... Despite the fact that your group setup only one PCR, each group will analyze the data collected by the entire class. Some groups isolated DNA from wild type plants, others isolated DNA from as1 or as2 mutants. In addition, the PCR primers that the groups used were different; some groups used primers ...
From the Department of Zoology, University of
From the Department of Zoology, University of

... of these units per chromosome has not been determined yet, there is evidence that it may not be the same in all species (9, 10). For some time now the nature of the longitudinal differentiation of chromosomes into chromomeres, interchromomeric fibers, hetero-, and euchromatin has been debated. Some ...
Phylogenetic analysis of three complete gap
Phylogenetic analysis of three complete gap

... from the zebrafish genome, some are found as single relatives, and others are found in multiple copies. In addition, the zebrafish has 14 apparently novel connexins, several of which arose by recent tandem duplication events. This analysis provides evidence that the connexin gene family is increasin ...
The Structures of DNA and RNA
The Structures of DNA and RNA

... are replicated when chromosomes divide to produce two identical copies of themselves. During the late 1940s and early 1950s, several research groups in the United States and in Europe engaged in serious efforts — both cooperative and rival — to understand how the atoms of DNA are linked together by ...
24 Recombination Hotspots in Nonallelic Homologous Recombination
24 Recombination Hotspots in Nonallelic Homologous Recombination

... parents. A collection of de novo NAHR events can then be fine-mapped to identify and ultimately sequence the rearrangement breakpoints. Not all recurrent rearrangements result from NAHR (11) and so the preliminary identification of similar sized rearrangements must be followed by the mapping of brea ...
PDF
PDF

... H3K27me3 mark targets both, genes and repetitive elements and is anti-correlated with transcriptional activity. We show that H3K27me3 distribution over its targets is not uniform, but can be grouped into several different clusters that correlate with different levels of repression. Furthermore, we d ...
lecture - Berkeley MCB
lecture - Berkeley MCB

... regulation, is really like • Trans-acting factors do not distribute in the nucleus based on the primary sequence of the genome: some factors fail to bind most genes that have sequences waiting for them, and other factors bind a large number of genes that do NOT have sequences for them • Even when a ...
Preferential X-chromosome inactivation, DNA
Preferential X-chromosome inactivation, DNA

... investigate the early developing embryo. Changes in Xchromosome activity may be monitored by the use of highly sensitive microassays for X-coded enzymes. For example, the two X chromosome from either parent can be marked with different alleles for the electrophoretically distinguishable forms of pho ...
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Human genome



The human genome is the complete set of nucleic acid sequence for humans (Homo sapiens), encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria. Human genomes include both protein-coding DNA genes and noncoding DNA. Haploid human genomes, which are contained in germ cells (the egg and sperm gamete cells created in the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction before fertilization creates a zygote) consist of three billion DNA base pairs, while diploid genomes (found in somatic cells) have twice the DNA content. While there are significant differences among the genomes of human individuals (on the order of 0.1%), these are considerably smaller than the differences between humans and their closest living relatives, the chimpanzees (approximately 4%) and bonobos. Humans share 50% of their DNA with bananas.The Human Genome Project produced the first complete sequences of individual human genomes, with the first draft sequence and initial analysis being published on February 12, 2001. The human genome was the first of all vertebrates to be completely sequenced. As of 2012, thousands of human genomes have been completely sequenced, and many more have been mapped at lower levels of resolution. The resulting data are used worldwide in biomedical science, anthropology, forensics and other branches of science. There is a widely held expectation that genomic studies will lead to advances in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and to new insights in many fields of biology, including human evolution.Although the sequence of the human genome has been (almost) completely determined by DNA sequencing, it is not yet fully understood. Most (though probably not all) genes have been identified by a combination of high throughput experimental and bioinformatics approaches, yet much work still needs to be done to further elucidate the biological functions of their protein and RNA products. Recent results suggest that most of the vast quantities of noncoding DNA within the genome have associated biochemical activities, including regulation of gene expression, organization of chromosome architecture, and signals controlling epigenetic inheritance.There are an estimated 20,000-25,000 human protein-coding genes. The estimate of the number of human genes has been repeatedly revised down from initial predictions of 100,000 or more as genome sequence quality and gene finding methods have improved, and could continue to drop further. Protein-coding sequences account for only a very small fraction of the genome (approximately 1.5%), and the rest is associated with non-coding RNA molecules, regulatory DNA sequences, LINEs, SINEs, introns, and sequences for which as yet no function has been elucidated.
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