A Genome-Wide Survey of the NAC Transcription
... Transcription factors are proteins that modulate gene expression by binding to specific cis-acting promoter elements, thereby activating or repressing the transcription of target genes (Wray et al., 2003). Gene specific transcription factors are DNA-binding regulatory proteins that activate or repre ...
... Transcription factors are proteins that modulate gene expression by binding to specific cis-acting promoter elements, thereby activating or repressing the transcription of target genes (Wray et al., 2003). Gene specific transcription factors are DNA-binding regulatory proteins that activate or repre ...
Identification of Genetic and Epigenetic Risk Factors for Psoriasis
... effect were also identified, including a region on chromosome 4q27 that contains genes for interleukin 2 and interleukin 21 that has been implicated in other autoimmune ii ...
... effect were also identified, including a region on chromosome 4q27 that contains genes for interleukin 2 and interleukin 21 that has been implicated in other autoimmune ii ...
pplacer: linear time maximum-likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic
... error resulting from the assumption of a fixed phylogenetic reference tree will be smaller than that when using an assumed taxonomy such as the commonly used NCBI taxonomy, which forms a reference tree of sorts for a number of popular methods currently in use [10,43]. Phylogenetic placement, in cont ...
... error resulting from the assumption of a fixed phylogenetic reference tree will be smaller than that when using an assumed taxonomy such as the commonly used NCBI taxonomy, which forms a reference tree of sorts for a number of popular methods currently in use [10,43]. Phylogenetic placement, in cont ...
NCBI Molecular Biology Resources
... • Examples: Refseq, TPA, RefSNP, UniGene, Protein, Structure, ...
... • Examples: Refseq, TPA, RefSNP, UniGene, Protein, Structure, ...
DNA breathing dynamics distinguish binding from nonbinding
... LMD simulations distinguish true YY1 binding from nonbinding sites in the human PLG promoter YY1 knockdown in HeLa cells coincides with the accumulation of plasminogen (PLG) mRNA (not shown). The gene product regulates a wide variety of biologic responses directly related to the development of cardi ...
... LMD simulations distinguish true YY1 binding from nonbinding sites in the human PLG promoter YY1 knockdown in HeLa cells coincides with the accumulation of plasminogen (PLG) mRNA (not shown). The gene product regulates a wide variety of biologic responses directly related to the development of cardi ...
Myriad--Ambry -- Final Version of Ambry Preliminary Injunction
... The precise order of the nucleotides within a given gene varies depending upon the protein that is being coded. While science is increasingly revealing new layers of function for genomic regions previously thought to be inert, in humans only parts of the gene “code” for protein-building amino acids. ...
... The precise order of the nucleotides within a given gene varies depending upon the protein that is being coded. While science is increasingly revealing new layers of function for genomic regions previously thought to be inert, in humans only parts of the gene “code” for protein-building amino acids. ...
A Single Eubacterial Origin of Eukaryotic
... were used to amplify a fragment of 1,539 bp, which was cloned into pGEMT (Promega). Two clones were sequenced on both strands. To distinguish between this PCR product and the published G. lamblia PFO gene sequence, we refer to the published sequence as G. lamblia PFO1 and to the gene represented by ...
... were used to amplify a fragment of 1,539 bp, which was cloned into pGEMT (Promega). Two clones were sequenced on both strands. To distinguish between this PCR product and the published G. lamblia PFO gene sequence, we refer to the published sequence as G. lamblia PFO1 and to the gene represented by ...
Annotation Strategy Guide - GEP Community Server
... Selecting a better supported splice site: While extension of an open reading frame is important for conserving the length of the coding exon, it is also important to consider selecting the best-supported splice site. For example, let’s look at the first coding exon (1_2365_0) of Dyrk3 in D. mojave ...
... Selecting a better supported splice site: While extension of an open reading frame is important for conserving the length of the coding exon, it is also important to consider selecting the best-supported splice site. For example, let’s look at the first coding exon (1_2365_0) of Dyrk3 in D. mojave ...
PowerPoint Presentation - Meiosis
... • Genetic costs: in sex, we pass on only half of genes to offspring. • Males are an expensive luxury - in most species they contribute little to rearing offspring. ...
... • Genetic costs: in sex, we pass on only half of genes to offspring. • Males are an expensive luxury - in most species they contribute little to rearing offspring. ...
Microsoft Word (Chapter 3) - DORAS
... MultAlin and Genedoc programs (section 2.8) were used to perform global sequence alignment of E. coli K12 FhuA and the results of the BLASTP search are illustrated in figure 3.4. Analysis of the FhuA homologues suggested a putative function in the transport of hydroxamate-type Fe3+-siderophores. To ...
... MultAlin and Genedoc programs (section 2.8) were used to perform global sequence alignment of E. coli K12 FhuA and the results of the BLASTP search are illustrated in figure 3.4. Analysis of the FhuA homologues suggested a putative function in the transport of hydroxamate-type Fe3+-siderophores. To ...
Adaptation of Drosophila to a novel laboratory environment reveals
... marker displaying a pattern of non-neutral evolution was detected in each study. The consistent identification of selection with a moderate number of markers strongly suggests that a large fraction of the genome responds to selection. With the advent of second-generation sequencing technology, it ha ...
... marker displaying a pattern of non-neutral evolution was detected in each study. The consistent identification of selection with a moderate number of markers strongly suggests that a large fraction of the genome responds to selection. With the advent of second-generation sequencing technology, it ha ...
Full Text
... basis of this mechanism is not clear, Messmer et al. (2000) hypothesized that expression of Lr34 might alter the physiology of the flag leaf thus making it less desirable for the pathogen to grow and establish itself. Although Lr34/Ltn1 was the first gene to be associated with LTN, the genes Lr46/Lt ...
... basis of this mechanism is not clear, Messmer et al. (2000) hypothesized that expression of Lr34 might alter the physiology of the flag leaf thus making it less desirable for the pathogen to grow and establish itself. Although Lr34/Ltn1 was the first gene to be associated with LTN, the genes Lr46/Lt ...
Plant speciation through chromosome instability and ploidy change
... such as aneuploidization and dysploidy (inversions and translocations). Despite the relevance of chromosomal instability as a driver for genome evolution and adaptation, little is yet known about the cellular mechanisms and processes that actually underlie these modifications. Here, in this paper, we ...
... such as aneuploidization and dysploidy (inversions and translocations). Despite the relevance of chromosomal instability as a driver for genome evolution and adaptation, little is yet known about the cellular mechanisms and processes that actually underlie these modifications. Here, in this paper, we ...
1q21 microdeletions
... million base pairs, or one so-called megabase (Mb) of DNA. Base pairs are the chemicals in DNA that form the ends of the ‘rungs’ of its ladder-like structure. Chromosome 1 has around 247 Mb in total and band 1q21.1 alone contains around 5.4 Mb. In a class 1 deletion, DNA is typically missing between ...
... million base pairs, or one so-called megabase (Mb) of DNA. Base pairs are the chemicals in DNA that form the ends of the ‘rungs’ of its ladder-like structure. Chromosome 1 has around 247 Mb in total and band 1q21.1 alone contains around 5.4 Mb. In a class 1 deletion, DNA is typically missing between ...
Mutualism and asexual reproduction influence recognition genes in a fungal... M.A. van der Nest1, E.T. Steenkamp2, P.M.... Wingfield1 and B. Slippers1*
... costly than asexual reproduction (e.g., Barton and Charlesworth 1998; Otto 2003). This costly reproductive strategy could be maintained because recombination acts to provide advantageous genotypes necessary for adaptation to changing environments or because recombination acts to eliminate deleteriou ...
... costly than asexual reproduction (e.g., Barton and Charlesworth 1998; Otto 2003). This costly reproductive strategy could be maintained because recombination acts to provide advantageous genotypes necessary for adaptation to changing environments or because recombination acts to eliminate deleteriou ...
1q21 microdeletions
... 1q21.1 microdeletions can occur out of the blue for no obvious reason or they can be inherited from either the mother or the father. The only way to be certain is to check the chromosomes of both parents. The parents’ chromosomes should be checked even if they are themselves completely healthy with ...
... 1q21.1 microdeletions can occur out of the blue for no obvious reason or they can be inherited from either the mother or the father. The only way to be certain is to check the chromosomes of both parents. The parents’ chromosomes should be checked even if they are themselves completely healthy with ...
Heavy Chain Diversity Region Segments of the Channel Catfish
... consisted of a conserved nonamer, a 23-bp spacer, and heptamer immediately adjacent (or separated by one or two nucleotides) to a heptamer, 12-bp spacer, and a nonamer. The RSS elements in clones Cir-E5, Cir-B1, and Cir-D2 contained 23-bp spacers that were identical to the RSS elements of the germli ...
... consisted of a conserved nonamer, a 23-bp spacer, and heptamer immediately adjacent (or separated by one or two nucleotides) to a heptamer, 12-bp spacer, and a nonamer. The RSS elements in clones Cir-E5, Cir-B1, and Cir-D2 contained 23-bp spacers that were identical to the RSS elements of the germli ...
alignable - gobics.de: Department of Bioinformatics
... P(f) = probability of finding a fragment “like f” by chance in random sequences with same length as input sequences w(f) = -log P(f) (“weight score” of f) ”like f” means: at least same # matches (DNA, RNA) or sum of similarity values (proteins) ...
... P(f) = probability of finding a fragment “like f” by chance in random sequences with same length as input sequences w(f) = -log P(f) (“weight score” of f) ”like f” means: at least same # matches (DNA, RNA) or sum of similarity values (proteins) ...
Conjugative plasmids: vessels of the communal gene pool
... ‘deletion bias’ towards small genome sizes exists (Lawrence et al. 2001; Mira et al. 2001; Ochman & Davalos 2006). Furthermore, in prokaryotes, evolution has favoured clustering of cooperating genes, in many cases as ‘selfish’ operons (Lawrence 2003). These two factors, compactness and gene clusteri ...
... ‘deletion bias’ towards small genome sizes exists (Lawrence et al. 2001; Mira et al. 2001; Ochman & Davalos 2006). Furthermore, in prokaryotes, evolution has favoured clustering of cooperating genes, in many cases as ‘selfish’ operons (Lawrence 2003). These two factors, compactness and gene clusteri ...
Conjugative plasmids: vessels of the communal gene pool
... ‘deletion bias’ towards small genome sizes exists (Lawrence et al. 2001; Mira et al. 2001; Ochman & Davalos 2006). Furthermore, in prokaryotes, evolution has favoured clustering of cooperating genes, in many cases as ‘selfish’ operons (Lawrence 2003). These two factors, compactness and gene clusteri ...
... ‘deletion bias’ towards small genome sizes exists (Lawrence et al. 2001; Mira et al. 2001; Ochman & Davalos 2006). Furthermore, in prokaryotes, evolution has favoured clustering of cooperating genes, in many cases as ‘selfish’ operons (Lawrence 2003). These two factors, compactness and gene clusteri ...
Mendelian and Non-Mendelian Regulation of Gene Expression in
... transcript abundance derived from 28,603 genes. For a majority of these genes, the population mean, coefficient of variation, and segregation patterns could be predicted by the parental expression levels. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping identified 30,774 eQTL including 96 trans-eQT ...
... transcript abundance derived from 28,603 genes. For a majority of these genes, the population mean, coefficient of variation, and segregation patterns could be predicted by the parental expression levels. Expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) mapping identified 30,774 eQTL including 96 trans-eQT ...
Methods of Human Heredity Study
... Chromomeres are regular features of all prophase chromosomes, larger enough to reveal them, but their number, size; distribution and arrangement are specific for a particular species at a particular stage of development. Chromocentres are heterochromatic regions of varying size, which occur near the ...
... Chromomeres are regular features of all prophase chromosomes, larger enough to reveal them, but their number, size; distribution and arrangement are specific for a particular species at a particular stage of development. Chromocentres are heterochromatic regions of varying size, which occur near the ...
jsm2003 - University of Wisconsin–Madison
... identify how networks function, break down find useful candidates for (medical) intervention epistasis may play key role statistical goal: maximize number of correctly identified QTL ...
... identify how networks function, break down find useful candidates for (medical) intervention epistasis may play key role statistical goal: maximize number of correctly identified QTL ...
Human genome
The human genome is the complete set of nucleic acid sequence for humans (Homo sapiens), encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria. Human genomes include both protein-coding DNA genes and noncoding DNA. Haploid human genomes, which are contained in germ cells (the egg and sperm gamete cells created in the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction before fertilization creates a zygote) consist of three billion DNA base pairs, while diploid genomes (found in somatic cells) have twice the DNA content. While there are significant differences among the genomes of human individuals (on the order of 0.1%), these are considerably smaller than the differences between humans and their closest living relatives, the chimpanzees (approximately 4%) and bonobos. Humans share 50% of their DNA with bananas.The Human Genome Project produced the first complete sequences of individual human genomes, with the first draft sequence and initial analysis being published on February 12, 2001. The human genome was the first of all vertebrates to be completely sequenced. As of 2012, thousands of human genomes have been completely sequenced, and many more have been mapped at lower levels of resolution. The resulting data are used worldwide in biomedical science, anthropology, forensics and other branches of science. There is a widely held expectation that genomic studies will lead to advances in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and to new insights in many fields of biology, including human evolution.Although the sequence of the human genome has been (almost) completely determined by DNA sequencing, it is not yet fully understood. Most (though probably not all) genes have been identified by a combination of high throughput experimental and bioinformatics approaches, yet much work still needs to be done to further elucidate the biological functions of their protein and RNA products. Recent results suggest that most of the vast quantities of noncoding DNA within the genome have associated biochemical activities, including regulation of gene expression, organization of chromosome architecture, and signals controlling epigenetic inheritance.There are an estimated 20,000-25,000 human protein-coding genes. The estimate of the number of human genes has been repeatedly revised down from initial predictions of 100,000 or more as genome sequence quality and gene finding methods have improved, and could continue to drop further. Protein-coding sequences account for only a very small fraction of the genome (approximately 1.5%), and the rest is associated with non-coding RNA molecules, regulatory DNA sequences, LINEs, SINEs, introns, and sequences for which as yet no function has been elucidated.