Natural variation in nucleolar dominance reveals
... distinct differences in the NOR chromatin organization in interphase nuclei of LC1 and 9502 (Fig. 5). In LC1, A. arenosalike NORs show partial decondensation at interphase, which is manifest in two ways. One manifestation is the appearance of FISH signal spots in excess of the number of NORs because ...
... distinct differences in the NOR chromatin organization in interphase nuclei of LC1 and 9502 (Fig. 5). In LC1, A. arenosalike NORs show partial decondensation at interphase, which is manifest in two ways. One manifestation is the appearance of FISH signal spots in excess of the number of NORs because ...
Youngson and Whitelaw, 2008
... states, most gene regulatory, i.e., epigenetic, information is not transferred between generations. Several mechanisms have evolved to erase the marks, including germline and somatic reprogramming of DNA methylation and chromatin proteins. However, we know that at some loci the epigenetic marks are ...
... states, most gene regulatory, i.e., epigenetic, information is not transferred between generations. Several mechanisms have evolved to erase the marks, including germline and somatic reprogramming of DNA methylation and chromatin proteins. However, we know that at some loci the epigenetic marks are ...
Network properties of human disease genes with pleiotropic effects
... interactors, contrary to specific genes. This could be a function of shared genes leading to pleiotropy. Essential and phenodiv genes had comparable connectivities and hence we investigated for differences in network attributes conferring lethality and pleiotropy, respectively. Essential and phenodi ...
... interactors, contrary to specific genes. This could be a function of shared genes leading to pleiotropy. Essential and phenodiv genes had comparable connectivities and hence we investigated for differences in network attributes conferring lethality and pleiotropy, respectively. Essential and phenodi ...
Selecting Degenerate Multiplex PCR Primers
... Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are individual base differences in DNA sequences between individuals. It is estimated that there are roughly three million SNPs in the human genome [12]. Association studies between SNPs and various diseases, as well as differences in how individuals respond to ...
... Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) are individual base differences in DNA sequences between individuals. It is estimated that there are roughly three million SNPs in the human genome [12]. Association studies between SNPs and various diseases, as well as differences in how individuals respond to ...
What is Cytogenetics?
... • Routine chromosome analysis refers to analysis of chromosomes which have been banded using trypsin (a serine proteases) followed by Giemsa, Leishmanns, or a mixture of the two. • This creates a unique banding pattern on the chromosomes. • Generally 20 cells are analyzed to rule out chromosome abno ...
... • Routine chromosome analysis refers to analysis of chromosomes which have been banded using trypsin (a serine proteases) followed by Giemsa, Leishmanns, or a mixture of the two. • This creates a unique banding pattern on the chromosomes. • Generally 20 cells are analyzed to rule out chromosome abno ...
Chromosomes Carrying Meiotic Avoidance Loci
... TransposonPSI identified various transposon-related sequences, revealing that class I retrotransposons Ty1copia and Ty3-gypsy (Kumar and Bennetzen, 1999) were particularly abundant in the LOA locus (Table II). In total, 120 transposon sequences were annotated, covering 14.9% of the 760-kb sequenced ...
... TransposonPSI identified various transposon-related sequences, revealing that class I retrotransposons Ty1copia and Ty3-gypsy (Kumar and Bennetzen, 1999) were particularly abundant in the LOA locus (Table II). In total, 120 transposon sequences were annotated, covering 14.9% of the 760-kb sequenced ...
Introduction to Genetics
... This structure refers to how DNA is stored in a confined space to form the chromosomes. It varies depending on whether the organisms prokaryotes and eukaryotes: - In prokaryotes the DNA is folded like a super-helix, usually in circular shape and associated with a small amount of protein. The sam ...
... This structure refers to how DNA is stored in a confined space to form the chromosomes. It varies depending on whether the organisms prokaryotes and eukaryotes: - In prokaryotes the DNA is folded like a super-helix, usually in circular shape and associated with a small amount of protein. The sam ...
Transmission of male infertility to future generations
... The introduction of ICSI and testicular sperm extraction (TESE) has allowed many infertile men to father children. The biggest concern about the wide use of these techniques is the health of the resulting offspring, in particular their fertility status. If the spermatogenic defect is genetic in orig ...
... The introduction of ICSI and testicular sperm extraction (TESE) has allowed many infertile men to father children. The biggest concern about the wide use of these techniques is the health of the resulting offspring, in particular their fertility status. If the spermatogenic defect is genetic in orig ...
CBSE XII BIO QS with key(2009-2015)
... generate genetic variation remain viable for a considerable period of time.(any two) =1x2 State what is apomixis? Comment on its significance. How can it be commercially used? (2015) Form of asexual reproduction producing seeds without fertilization/ type of asexual that mimics sexual reproduction t ...
... generate genetic variation remain viable for a considerable period of time.(any two) =1x2 State what is apomixis? Comment on its significance. How can it be commercially used? (2015) Form of asexual reproduction producing seeds without fertilization/ type of asexual that mimics sexual reproduction t ...
Recombinant DNA technology and molecular cloning
... foreign DNA thus becomes amplified in number, and following its amplification can be purified for further analysis. ...
... foreign DNA thus becomes amplified in number, and following its amplification can be purified for further analysis. ...
Genome-wide analysis by SNP Array
... of karyotyping or FISH remains insufficient for the diagnosis of the micro-rearrangements involved in ID and CA. Low karyotyping resolution (5-10 Mb) and the targeted analysis of FISH represent a significant restriction for ID and CA diagnosis. However, DNA microarrays have proved their utility in t ...
... of karyotyping or FISH remains insufficient for the diagnosis of the micro-rearrangements involved in ID and CA. Low karyotyping resolution (5-10 Mb) and the targeted analysis of FISH represent a significant restriction for ID and CA diagnosis. However, DNA microarrays have proved their utility in t ...
A mixed group ll/group III twintron in the Euglena
... of introns and the role of introns during gene evolution. The debate over this question has focused on two views of intron evolution: 'introns early' versus 'introns late'. In the introns early model, genes are viewed as being assembled from exons that code for structural or functional domains. Intr ...
... of introns and the role of introns during gene evolution. The debate over this question has focused on two views of intron evolution: 'introns early' versus 'introns late'. In the introns early model, genes are viewed as being assembled from exons that code for structural or functional domains. Intr ...
Illustrating Python via Bioinformatics Examples
... Life is definitely digital. The genetic code of all living organisms are represented by a long sequence of simple molecules called nucleotides, or bases, which makes up the Deoxyribonucleic acid, better known as DNA. There are only four such nucleotides, and the entire genetic code of a human can be ...
... Life is definitely digital. The genetic code of all living organisms are represented by a long sequence of simple molecules called nucleotides, or bases, which makes up the Deoxyribonucleic acid, better known as DNA. There are only four such nucleotides, and the entire genetic code of a human can be ...
Inference of homologous recombination in bacteria using whole
... donor contributes only a small contiguous segment of DNA whereas the recipient contributes the rest of the genome. For a given sample of bacteria, it is thus possible to define its clonal genealogy [7] irrespective of how frequently recombination happened, by tracing back in time the ancestry of th ...
... donor contributes only a small contiguous segment of DNA whereas the recipient contributes the rest of the genome. For a given sample of bacteria, it is thus possible to define its clonal genealogy [7] irrespective of how frequently recombination happened, by tracing back in time the ancestry of th ...
Y chromosome azoospermia factor region microdeletions and
... demonstrated to be is testis-specific, so it is reasonable to hypothesize that RPS4Y2 may potentially play a role in posttranscriptional regulation of the spermatogenic program [33]. The CYORF15A and CYORF15B sequences belong to the taxilin family and are involved in transcriptional regulation in os ...
... demonstrated to be is testis-specific, so it is reasonable to hypothesize that RPS4Y2 may potentially play a role in posttranscriptional regulation of the spermatogenic program [33]. The CYORF15A and CYORF15B sequences belong to the taxilin family and are involved in transcriptional regulation in os ...
Curr. Microbiol. 42
... PCR analysis for cry7 genes was performed on four B. thuringiensis standard strains, as well as on 27 B. thuringiensis field isolates, which have previously been found positive to a pair of universal primers (Un7,8 for cry7 and cry8 groups) [2]. Among the standard strains, only B. thuringiensis subs ...
... PCR analysis for cry7 genes was performed on four B. thuringiensis standard strains, as well as on 27 B. thuringiensis field isolates, which have previously been found positive to a pair of universal primers (Un7,8 for cry7 and cry8 groups) [2]. Among the standard strains, only B. thuringiensis subs ...
Universal chloroplast integration and expression vectors
... The invention provides universal chloroplast integration and expression vectors which are competent to stably transform and integrate genes of interest into chloroplast genome of multiple species of plants. Transformed plants and their progeny are provided. Monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants ...
... The invention provides universal chloroplast integration and expression vectors which are competent to stably transform and integrate genes of interest into chloroplast genome of multiple species of plants. Transformed plants and their progeny are provided. Monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants ...
Genome-wide analysis of the distribution of AP2/ERF transcription
... Background: Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) is one of the most important leaf vegetables grown worldwide. The entire cabbage genome sequence and more than fifty thousand proteins have been obtained to date. However a high degree of sequence similarity and conserved genome structure remain between cabbag ...
... Background: Cabbage (Brassica oleracea) is one of the most important leaf vegetables grown worldwide. The entire cabbage genome sequence and more than fifty thousand proteins have been obtained to date. However a high degree of sequence similarity and conserved genome structure remain between cabbag ...
Multiple domain structure in a chitinase gene (chic)
... One of the chitinases of Streptomyces lividans, chitinase C, was encoded by a 2 kb smaI-XhoI restriction fragment contained in the recombinant plasmid pEMJ7. DNA sequence analysis of this region revealed the presence of two open reading frames (ORFl and ORF2) which had opposite orientations. Norther ...
... One of the chitinases of Streptomyces lividans, chitinase C, was encoded by a 2 kb smaI-XhoI restriction fragment contained in the recombinant plasmid pEMJ7. DNA sequence analysis of this region revealed the presence of two open reading frames (ORFl and ORF2) which had opposite orientations. Norther ...
The tightly regulated promoter of the xanA gene of
... we have shown that the one from Neurospora crassa fully complements a xanA deletion (Cultrone et al., 2005). In this article we investigate whether this gene is subject to the same regulatory signals as all other enzymes of the purine degradation pathway. We observed that the promoter element of xan ...
... we have shown that the one from Neurospora crassa fully complements a xanA deletion (Cultrone et al., 2005). In this article we investigate whether this gene is subject to the same regulatory signals as all other enzymes of the purine degradation pathway. We observed that the promoter element of xan ...
Cytogenetics with special reference to domestic animals
... Sheep: (Differences between species often involve Roberstonian fusions) ...
... Sheep: (Differences between species often involve Roberstonian fusions) ...
Identification of New Genes Involved in Meiosis by a Genetic Screen
... Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains a group of proteins named ZMM that constitutes a link between recombination and Synaptonemal Complex (SC) assembly. Yeast mutants that lack ZMM proteins have defects in recombination, SC formation and nuclear division progression. Meiotic cell cycle pr ...
... Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains a group of proteins named ZMM that constitutes a link between recombination and Synaptonemal Complex (SC) assembly. Yeast mutants that lack ZMM proteins have defects in recombination, SC formation and nuclear division progression. Meiotic cell cycle pr ...
Identification of novel endogenous antisense transcripts by DNA
... the antisense strand (Figure 3B). Northern analysis confirmed that expression of the sense transcript of Aard was testis-specific (Figure 3C); however, Northern analysis of the antisense transcript showed laddered hybridization patterns for total RNA, but not for poly(A)+ RNA isolated from all sampl ...
... the antisense strand (Figure 3B). Northern analysis confirmed that expression of the sense transcript of Aard was testis-specific (Figure 3C); however, Northern analysis of the antisense transcript showed laddered hybridization patterns for total RNA, but not for poly(A)+ RNA isolated from all sampl ...
Harrisslides
... • Develop tools: • to query and modify the vocabularies and annotations • annotation tools for curators ...
... • Develop tools: • to query and modify the vocabularies and annotations • annotation tools for curators ...
Inheritance of White Colour in Alpacas
... Figure 3.12: A roan alpaca on a black base colour........................................................................................ 19 Figure 3.13: Alpacas with tuxedo markings. ................................................................................................ 20 Figure 3.14: A ...
... Figure 3.12: A roan alpaca on a black base colour........................................................................................ 19 Figure 3.13: Alpacas with tuxedo markings. ................................................................................................ 20 Figure 3.14: A ...
Human genome
The human genome is the complete set of nucleic acid sequence for humans (Homo sapiens), encoded as DNA within the 23 chromosome pairs in cell nuclei and in a small DNA molecule found within individual mitochondria. Human genomes include both protein-coding DNA genes and noncoding DNA. Haploid human genomes, which are contained in germ cells (the egg and sperm gamete cells created in the meiosis phase of sexual reproduction before fertilization creates a zygote) consist of three billion DNA base pairs, while diploid genomes (found in somatic cells) have twice the DNA content. While there are significant differences among the genomes of human individuals (on the order of 0.1%), these are considerably smaller than the differences between humans and their closest living relatives, the chimpanzees (approximately 4%) and bonobos. Humans share 50% of their DNA with bananas.The Human Genome Project produced the first complete sequences of individual human genomes, with the first draft sequence and initial analysis being published on February 12, 2001. The human genome was the first of all vertebrates to be completely sequenced. As of 2012, thousands of human genomes have been completely sequenced, and many more have been mapped at lower levels of resolution. The resulting data are used worldwide in biomedical science, anthropology, forensics and other branches of science. There is a widely held expectation that genomic studies will lead to advances in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases, and to new insights in many fields of biology, including human evolution.Although the sequence of the human genome has been (almost) completely determined by DNA sequencing, it is not yet fully understood. Most (though probably not all) genes have been identified by a combination of high throughput experimental and bioinformatics approaches, yet much work still needs to be done to further elucidate the biological functions of their protein and RNA products. Recent results suggest that most of the vast quantities of noncoding DNA within the genome have associated biochemical activities, including regulation of gene expression, organization of chromosome architecture, and signals controlling epigenetic inheritance.There are an estimated 20,000-25,000 human protein-coding genes. The estimate of the number of human genes has been repeatedly revised down from initial predictions of 100,000 or more as genome sequence quality and gene finding methods have improved, and could continue to drop further. Protein-coding sequences account for only a very small fraction of the genome (approximately 1.5%), and the rest is associated with non-coding RNA molecules, regulatory DNA sequences, LINEs, SINEs, introns, and sequences for which as yet no function has been elucidated.